Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop...

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Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in relation to production, consumption and marketing Visith Chavasit Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University

Transcript of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop...

Page 1: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

Neglected and Underutilized Crop

Species: Challenges in relation to

production, consumption and marketing

Visith ChavasitInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University

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Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species

• NUS is normally indigenous plants that

naturally grows or have been grown by

local people for generations.

• NUS used to be part of traditional diets for

centuries since the plants were grown for

family consumption and selling the surplus.

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Reasons for Neglect and Underutilization

• Single-cropping to serve market needs

• Changes in eating pattern

• Cultural invasion

• Less-availability rare species

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Cash crop production

• Mostly mono-cropping Staple foods

• Rely on narrow food-based supply

• Grows only the kind that can serve market needs

• Many times they are imported varieties.

• Overgrown and destroy the indigenous crops as well as biodiversity

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Economic crop creates NUS

• Market Driven Mass Requirement

Imported commercial crop variety Need

more herbicide and insecticide Mono-cropping Mass production

Keep expanding the growing areaswith no concern on environment

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Production of NUS

• Found naturally in certain areas or even forest and be sources of

foods for local people.

• Grows in home backyard mostly for family consumption multiple

cropping

• Set up global on-farm NUS conservation programmes

Mass production for commercial purposes ?

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Nature of most NUS

• Many are nutritionally rich

• Adapt to low input of agriculture

• Most of them are inhabited to the area

• Ecological balance with other species and

environment

• Plentiful seasonally but inadequate for industrially produced

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ผกกด กระพจน

ผกหวานปา

บก

เรวปา

วานเปราะ

ตะคก

กระชายพราน

เพกา

จดประกวดต ารบอาหาร จากตวแทน 6 หมบาน

Page 11: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

ตะครอ ถวแระปา ถวคลา แคหางคาง ขาปา กระชายปา ชาเรอด เขาพรรษาใต

ผกหวานปา วานเปราะ กระพจน ผกกด อนน ขเหลกปา เครอไสตน แจงหาใบ

สมกบ บก ตะคก มะกอกปา กะทอ เพกา มะเมา ไพลปา

เรวปา ผกบงปา ดอกดน มะระปา กระชายพราน โทงเทง

Page 12: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown
Page 13: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

Home garden in Rural in Transition

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Home garden in a communal area

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Communal area in Rural in Transition

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Urban Home gardening

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Consumption

• Eat based on seasonality

• Eat variety of them

• Learn to avoid the poison ones

Folk KnowledgeHow to

- Choose

- Prepare Menu

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ตวอยางอาหารพนบาน

แกงปากระชายพราน

แกงเลยงผกหวานปา แกงกะทบก

ทอดมนวานเปราะ ลาบเพกา

หนงหนวยบรโภค = 200 กรม

หนงหนวยบรโภค = 100 กรม

แกงสมตะคก

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อาหารผสงอายอ.แมรม จ.เชยงใหม (มง)

ตมผกกาดแมว

ไกตมสมนไพรตมหมผกกาดแมว

ตมไกสมนไพร

ตมไกพรกไทยด า

ตมผกโขมตมฟกทอง

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อาหารผสงอายต.บานแปน อ.เมอง จ.ล าพน

(ไทยเหนอ)

ลาบคว

แกงหนอ

แกงแค

ย าไกใสหวปล

แกงฮงเล

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อาหารผสงอาย (ไทยใต)ต.ควนมะพราว อ.เมอง จงหวดพทลง

หมตมใบชะมวง

แกงเหลอง แกงไตปลา

แกงควหนอไม

ควกลงหม

ขาวย า

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อาหารผสงอาย (มาเลย)ต.บานนา อ.จะนะ จ.สงขลา

ไกผดเครองแกงสะตอ

แกงเลยง

ตมสมปลา

น าชบ

แกงมสมน

ปลาราดพรก

Page 26: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

อาหารผสงอาย (เขมรเหนอ)ต.จารพตร อ.ศขรภม จ.สรนทร

ตมปลา

น าพรกปลาทใสปลาราสบ

ตมจดมะระซโครงหม

อาหารผสงอาย (ไทยอสาน)ต.รตนบร อ.รตนบร จ.สรนทร

แกงออมไก

ซปมะเขอ ตมปลา

ย า/กอย/ซปหมานอย

น าพรก/ปนปลาท

แกง/ออมเหด

Page 27: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

Marketing

• Change in the perception of NUS as unimportant poor man’s food

• Develop capacity in researching, teaching, policymaking, trading and

farming NUS

• Undertake more research on NUS, particularly with regard to their adaptive

qualities and the links between NUS and nutrition and livelihoods

• Involve the full range of stakeholders in participatory partnership to promote

and conserve NUS particularly farmer and women’s organizations

• Find innovative ways to upgrade NUS market chains and to develop and

market value-added products

• Put in place legal frameworks, policies and financial incentives to promote

NUS and encourage agricultural diversification

• Encourage collaboration in researching, promoting, conserving and

sustainably using NUS, and coordinate activities and multi-stakeholder platforms across sectors

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MARKETING CONCEPT

• Health Benefits

• Rare and seasonal

• Natural and Virgin

• Story Telling

• Ecological

• Uniqueness

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Ginger(Zingiber

officinale)

Family:

Zingiberaceae

Sanskrit name:

Shunthi

Hindi name: Adrak

The universal remedy Ayurveda

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Garlic(Allium sativum)

Family: Aliaceae

Sanskrit name: Rasona

Hindi name: Lasan

A certain manuscript inscribes

on birch bark was found among

the treasures of the Buddhist

stupa at Kashgar, China…

written by wandering Hindus in

a calligraphic script that dates

back to 450 A.D. Three of the

seven texts it contains are

medical. And of these, the first opens in praise of Garlic.

The Bower Manuscript (circa fifth century A.D.),

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The Science of Traditional Indian Medicine

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The Science of Traditional Indian Medicine

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Ivy gourd(Coccinia grandis Voigt)

Hairy basil(Ocimum cannum Sims.)

Pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Decnc.)

Pak-Wan-Pa(Melientha suavis Pierre)

Kra-Pee-Chan(Millettia brandisiana Kurz)

Wan-Proa(Kaempferia roscoeana)

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• Anti-mutagenic activity

(Vinitketkumnuen et al, 1994; Meevatee et al, 1993; Pimsaeng, 1993)

• Cancer chemopreventive properties

(Suaeyun , 1997)

• Reduced blood pressure in

hypertensive rats (Carbajal et al, 1989)

Lemon grass

(Cymbopogan citrates (DC.) Stapf)

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Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) Sweet basil

(Ocimum basilicum Linn.)

•Antioxidant activity

(Baratta et al, 1998; Lee et al, 2005; Tomaino et al, 2005; Politeo et al, 2006; Juntachote and Berghofer , 2004)

•Anti-thrombotic and Inhibit platelet aggregation in rat (Tohti , 2006)

• Hypo- tensive effect in dogs (Singh et al, 2001 )

• Cardioprotective (Sharma et al, 2001; Sood et al, 2006)

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• Anti-inflammatory activity(Suta et al, 2010)

• Antidyslipidemic activity

(Umamaheswari et al, 2007)

• Antioxidant activity

(Venkateswaran and Pari, 2003)

• Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity(Singh et al, 2007)

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• Antioxidant activity

(Kuma et al, 2007: Doddola et al, 2008)

• Antiurolithiatic(Doddola et al, 2008)

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• Antioxidant activity

(Zinol et al, 2003: Hussin et al, 2005)

• Anti-inflammatory activity

(Cheng et al, 2000; Cheng et al, 2006)

• Hypotensive effect(Gnanapragasama et al, 2004)

• Learning and improvement(Gupta et al, 2003)

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•Anti-diabetic activity

(Yoshinari et al, 2009; Quanhing et al, 2005)

•Antioxidant activity

(Wongcharoen et al, 2007; Chanwitheesuk et al, 2005)

•Anti-cancer acitivity (pumpkin seed)

(Jang et al, 2008)

• Hypocholesterolemic effect (pumkin seed protein)

(Mohamed et al, 2009)

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•Anti-proliferative activity

(Manosroi et al, 2006)

•Antioxidant activity

(Hakkim et al, 2008)

•Anti-diabetic acitivity

(Nyarko et al, 2003)

•Anti-microbial activity

(Bassole et al, 2005)

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•Anti-diabetic activity(Subrahmanyam et al, 2011)

•Antioxidant activity(Khomsug et al, 2010)

•Anti-proliferative acitivity(Vayssade et al, 2010)

• Hypolipidemic effect(Huynh Ngoc et al, 2008)

• Neuroprotective effect

(Tongjaroenbuangam et al, 2011)

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•Antimutagenicity(Wongwattanasathien et al, 2010)

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ANTIMUTAGENICITY

OF EIGHT CONVENTIONAL PROCESSED

EDIBLE FLOWERS CONSUMED IN THAILAND

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Eight conventional processed edible flowers

None was mutagenic

All samples had antimutagenic activity

All samples had antioxidant activity

and total phenolics

Further chemical identification is required

These edible flowers should be consumed

as a health food item

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แกงสมตะคก

ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 100 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 20 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 2 ก. 3 % โปรตน 11 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 25 มก. 8 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 8 ก. 3 % ใยอาหาร 3 ก. 12 % โซเดยม 960 มก. 40 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 70 %

แคลเซยม 6 %

เหลก 10 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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แกงเลยงผกหวานปา

ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 70 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 10 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 1 ก. 2 % โปรตน 9 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 20 มก. 7 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 6 ก. 2 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 840 มก. 35 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 30 %

แคลเซยม 10 %

เหลก 15 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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แกงปากระชายพราน

ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 100 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 30 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 3 ก. 5 % โปรตน 14 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 35 มก. 12 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 5 ก. 2 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 1100 มก. 46 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 2 %

แคลเซยม 8 %

เหลก 14 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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แกงกะทบก

ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 180 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 90 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 11 ก. 17 % โปรตน 7 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 15 มก. 5 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 14 ก. 5 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 810 มก. 34 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 6 %

แคลเซยม 8 %

เหลก 10 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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ทอดมนวานเปราะ

ขอมลโภชนาการ

หนงหนวยบรโภค : 100 กรม (1-3 ชน)

จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอชน: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 270 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 160 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 18 ก. 28 % โปรตน 8 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 35 มก. 12 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 19 ก. 6 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 760 มก. 32 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 2 %

แคลเซยม 8 %

เหลก 10 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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ลาบเพกา

ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 100 กรม (1 จำน) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอจำน: 1

คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 110 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 25 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 3 ก. 5 % โปรตน 9 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 20 มก. 7 %

คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 12 ก. 4 % ใยอาหาร 3 ก. 12 % โซเดยม 570 มก. 24 %

รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 4 %

แคลเซยม 6 %

เหลก 8 %

* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร

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Page 54: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown
Page 55: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown
Page 56: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown
Page 57: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown
Page 58: Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species: Challenges in ... · Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species •NUS is normally indigenous plants that naturally grows or have been grown

Minor crops play in securing the livelihood of people around the world

• Food security and better nutrition

• Increased income for the rural poor

• Ecosystem stability

• Cultural diversity

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