Near-Road Ambient Air Monitoring & Annual Air Quality Update

MPO ITS Committee

Sean McGinnis, CHMM

July 26, 2012

EPA

EPA’s Criteria Pollutants:

• Nitrogen Dioxide

• Ozone

• Lead

• Particulate Matter

• Carbon Monoxide

• Sulfur Dioxide

EPC Air Monitoring Network

Ground Level Ozone O3 Formation

+

+

=Sunlight

&Heat

Ozone

Volatile Organic Compounds

(VOCs)

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Environmental Protection Commission

Ozone

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.100

pp

m

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater CBSA8-Hour Ozone Compliance Value*

(through Oct 12, 2010)

HIL-0081

HIL-1035

HIL-1065

HIL-3002

PIN-0004

PIN-0018

PIN-5002

PAS-0005

PAS-2001

NAAQS

* Running 3-year average of the annual 4th highest maximum daily 8-hour concentrations. Referred to as the "design value".

Year Federal Standard 1971 80 ppb over a 1-hour period

1979 120 ppb over a 1-hour period

1997 80 ppb over an 8-hour period

2008 -12 75 ppb over an 8-hour period

2013 ??? over an 8-hour period

HISTORICAL LOOK AT THE OZONE STANDARD

Environmental Protection Commission

Statewide Compliance with Current O3 Standard

73

* Based on 2009 – 2011 data

Revised sulfur dioxide (SO2) standard

• EPA first set NAAQS for SO2 in 1971, establishing a primary 24-hour standard at 140 ppb and an annualaverage standard at 30 ppb (to protect public health). EPA also set a 3-hour average secondary standard at 0.5 ppm (to protect public welfare).

• In 2010, EPA revised the primary SO2 standard by establishing a new 1-hour standard at a level of 75 ppb.At that time, EPA also revoked the two existing primary standards (the 24-hour and annual) because they would not add additional public health protection.

SO2

State Proposed SO2 Nonattainment area

Mosaic

Lead (Pb) health affects

Past major source of lead – gasoline

Current major source of lead – industrial processes

There is no known safe level of lead in the body

Children are most susceptible to lead exposure

Effects include: poor memory, anemia, impaired mental development

Lead

Expanded Monitoring• ENVIROFOCUS – battery recycler; center of nonattainment

• Six additional monitors added to monitor lead from two major lead sources – EnviroFocus Technologies and Johnson Controls.

• EPC received EPA grants to

to pay for the monitors,

manpower, and analysis.

• >$100M investment in plant

overhaul

Broadway Avenue

Pb

Pb

Pb

Pb

Pb = Lead Monitoring Sites

Near-Road Ambient Air Monitoring

Revised NO2 Standard

• February 9, 2012 – US EPA Revised the Primary Air

Quality Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide

• Introduced a 1-hour standard of 100 ppb to protect

the public from short-term exposures

• Current scientific evidence links short-term NO2

exposures, ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours, with

adverse respiratory effects including airway

inflammation in healthy people and increased

respiratory symptoms in people with asthma

• Approximately 16% of U.S housing units are located within 300 ft of a major highway, railroad, or airport (approximately 48 million people)

• NOx react with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form small particles. These small particles penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory disease, such as emphysema and bronchitis, and can aggravate existing heart disease, leading to increased hospital admissions and premature death

• Studies also show a connection between short-term exposure and increased emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses

NO2 Health Effects

Traffic-Related NO2 Exposure

• NO2 concentrations on or near major roads are higher than those measured by the current monitoring network▫ In-vehicle concentrations can be 2-

3 times higher than measured at nearby community-wide monitors

▫ Near-roadway concentrations have been measured to be approximately 30 to 100% higher than nearby concentrations

• Short-term NO2 exposures on or near major roads can be considerably higher than measured by the current network EPA: Nationwide figures

Utilities22%

Other 8%

Mobile Sources

58%

NO2 Sources

Hillsborough County NOx Emissions

0

50

100

150

200

250

Industry Transportation

To

ns

pe

r d

ay

Source

1997

2008

Near-Road Monitoring Siting Requirements

• At least one monitor in core based statistical areas (CBSAs) with population greater than or equal to 500,000

• A second monitor in areas with either: ▫ population ≥ 2.5 million, or▫ one or more road segments with an annual average daily

traffic count (AADT) ≥ 250,000 vehicles

• Tampa Bay Region Urban area affected

• Begin operations no later than January 1, 2013

• EPA grant funds available for implementation

• 126 NO2 monitors in 102 Urban areas

Monitoring Requirements

78 areas would require 1 monitor

(> 500,000 population)

24 areas would require 2 monitors

(> 2.5 million population or road segments with annual average daily traffic counts > 250,000 vehicles)

US EPA OAQPS

Site Considerations for Hillsborough Co. Near-Road Monitoring Stations

• Rank all road segments in a CBSA by AADT count

• Identify monitoring location(s) near highest ranked segments considering: Fleet mix

Roadway design

Congestion patterns

Terrain

Meteorology

• Monitor site requirements Near as practicable to the edge of the nearest traffic lanes

Not more than 50 meters away

Route From ToAADT Rank AADT

Truck Rank

Truck AADT

AADT/Lane

FE AADT

FE AADT Rank

I-4

10320000/10320001

Bridge No-100658 6 164,000 10 12,251 16,400 274,259 1

I-275

Bridge No-100128

Bridge No-100110 1 192,000 27 8,467 19,200 268,203 2

I-4US 301 / SR 43

I-75/SR 93A 15 136,500 5 14,073 17,063 263,157 3

I-4

Bridge No-100658

US 41/SR 599/50th St 13 151,000 11 12,050 18,875 259,450 4

I-4SR 93A/I-

75 Mango Rd 15 136500 6 13172 22750 255048 5

I-275

S600/U92/Dale Mabry

Bridge No-100128 3 170,500 25 8,713 21,313 248,917 6

I-4

Bridge No-

100599S566/Thonotosassa Rd 25 110000 3 15279 13750 247511 7

I-4

Bridge No-100607

Hills/Polk Co Line 28 105,000 1 15,719 17,500 246,471 8

I-275 Sligh AveBridge No-100219 5 167,000 26 8,684 27,833 245,156 9

I-275

Bridge No-100138

10320000/10320001 4 169,000 29 8,298 12,071 243,682 10

So

urce : F

DO

T D

istrict 7

Chosen Location

NOx Monitor

~350ft.

The chosen road segment is near downtownand is surrounded by neighborhoods andschools.

Current Implementation Status

• Access Agreement with COT

• EPA Grant Award

• Quality Assurance Plans

• Equipment purchases

• Site preparations and set-up

• Data reporting, site operation and maintenance

Hillsborough’s Air Quality Index (AQI) Summary

AQI Year Number of Days By Health CategoryGood

(< or = 50)

Moderate

(51-100)

Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

(151-200)

Unhealthy (151-200)

2012 (thru Apr) 94 23 4

2011 277 75 13 0

2010 261 97 7 0

2009 305 56 4 0

2008 299 61 5 1

2007 279 80 5 1AQI Phone: 627-2626

Questions & Comments

Sean McGinnis, CHMMEnvironmental Protection Commission

Of Hillsborough County

mcginnis@epchc.org

www.epchc.org