Near future challenges for R&D in the District heating and ... · VISION and REALITY Vision: Hybrid...

Dr. Ingo Weidlich

November 13, 2013 Utrecht

Near future challenges for R&D in the District heating and Cooling sector

AGFW | Energy Efficiency Association for DHC and CHP

Donnerstag, 20. Dezember 2012AGFW | Energy Efficiency Association for DHC and CHP page 2source: AGFW

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AGFW - Who we are


AGFW - Who we are

» AGFW is the independent and impartial association promoting energy efficiency, (district) heating, cooling and CHP at national and international levels

» AGFW reunites round about 500 (regional und municipal) district energy suppliers and industrial operators of this industry in Germany and Europe

» AGFW represents over 95 % of the heat load connected to German district heating systems – the largest scale in Western Europe (The district heating connected load in Germany is approximately 57.000 MWth).

» AGFW means over 40 years of experience in this field


» Elektric performance: 460 MW

» Thermal performance: 670 MW

» Primary energy efficiency: 90%

source: Vattenfall Europe Wärme AG

CHP-unit Berlin Mitte

Power plant primary energy efficiency.

Cogeneration copes with mutual dependencyon the electricity and the heat market.

What is CHP


EU Legislation – Energy Efficiency Directive – published October 2012

» Memberstates have to achieve targets for energy saving. The EED requires annual energy savings of 1.5% of the total distributed energy in the EU-member states in the period of the first of January 2014 until 31st of December 2020. According to this legislation energy shall not be wasted and efficient technologies must be supported.

» This target may be reached partially by primary energy savings e.g. usingdistrict heating

» The member states have to analyse their heat market

» The potential for hight efficient chp and DH must be evaluated by the memberstates.

» Measures to use this potential have to be taken.

» …

ENERGY TURNAROUND in EU


source: BMWi

Political targets in Germany (energy conception)

ENERGY TURNAROUND in Germany


VISION and REALITY

Vision: Hybrid ring-storages?

49 %

20 %

31 %

Reality: Primary energy cosumption in theEU 2010.

Source: Popp

Electricity

Heat

455 Million customers

Transport

Heat distribution is a major keyfor the energy turnaround!


55 % of the German primary energy consumption is covered by oil and gas

9.4 % RE (1320 PJ) bzw. 370 TWh primary energy consumption

(3900 TWh)

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Increased exploitation of the renewable energyressources is necessary!


Expansion of renewable energies

» The installed capacity of RE in Germany must increase rapidly

Expansion of RE according to the German pilot study 2010 in GW

4 4 5 5 5 518

3852 57 63

18

28

3436

3738

3

1018

25

3

6

8

99

104

7148

130

112

87

57

28

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

GeothermicsImport REBiomassWind energy offshoreWind energy onshorePhotovoltaicsHydropower

source: Prognos


CHALLANGES FOR THE ELECTRICTIY GRID

Target: 80% renewable electricity generation by 2050

Balancing power from +35GW to -24GW is necessary(peak load management)(Storages)(import of renewable electricity)(customer behaviour)

Grid expansion is necessary fortransmission and distribution

Smart market and smart grid shall be started up.

Source: Prof. Rehtanz, Technical University Dortmund, 2013


Estimated costs for grid expansion:

transmission grid: 20 Billion EUR

Distribution grid: 27-42 Billion EUR

Optimisation of grid engineering is necessary.


Source: Prof. Rehtanz, Technical University Dortmund, 2013


Renewable Electricity Feed-in 2010

» The renewable energy feed-in reaches up to 40 GW for a few hours a year

2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

GW

Biomass Hydro Wind offshore Wind onshore Photovoltaic

source: Prognos



» 60 GW are reached on a regular basis» In hours with high wind and solar feed-in the peak reaches up to 70 GW

2020

0

20

40

60

80

100


GW

source: Prognos



» Except for the winter time renewable feed-in has peaks around 70 GW to 90 GW

2030

0

20

40

60

80

100


GW

source: Prognos



» Overcome challanges of high investments for grid expansion.

» Stable and save operation.» Security of supply. » Electricity storage. » Interaction with different technologies, markets and

solutions.

Remember: High efficient cogeneration copes with mutual dependencyon the electricity and the heat market.


Barriers for accelerated development of DHC and CHP» Market situation for CHP installations

is deteriorating» The base load is slowly deteriorating» Installations reach lower full load hours» Higher flexibility (at higher costs) is

necessary

Base load disappears (residual load 2030 in GW)

CHP installations are pushed out of the market because of Merit Order in Germany

CHALLANGES FOR CHP

source: Prognos


“Copper plate” with over 1,000 production facilities

District Heating supplye. g. medium sized city

District Heating system in parts of the city with 4 CHP installations

… in comparison to the electric grid –every production facility is systemicElectricity supply / Power Plants & Grids

CHALLANGES FOR CHP


» The district heating connected load inGermany is approximately 57.000MWth.

» 13% CHP share in electricityproduction

» The district heating customers are:46% private homes, 36% publicbuildings, commercial and tradesector and 18% industry

» The total length of the district heatinggrid in Germany is approximately100.000 km

» Over 84% of District Heating isgenerated in high efficientcogeneration (CHP) plants

Schleswig Holstein

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Niedersachsen

Brandenburg

Nordrhein-Westfalen

Berlin

Sachsen-Anhalt

Sachsen

Thüringen

Hessen

Rheinland-Pfalz

Saarland

Baden-Württemberg

Bayern

Hamburg

Bremen

Connected load

Network supply

Grid length

5,6

4,3

7,0

6,8

5,9

4,7

8,2

6,8

8,3

1,3

1,0

2,1

21,4

21,2

24,4

5,8

5,6

4,4

1,9

1,8

1,7

11,2

10,5

9,1

8,0

9,2

6,6

1,1

0,9 1,0

10,8

12,5

8,0

3,6

5,3

4,0

2,1

2,3

3,8

6,1 6,4

7,7

3,1 3,2 4,

0

2,9 3,0 3,3

CHALLANGES FOR CHP


electricity; 4%

gas; 48%

others; 1%

oil; 32%

district heating; 14%

coal; 2%

Source: AGFW / Euroheat & Power/ BGW

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

IS PL S DK LT UA LV CZ EST PL FIN AT RO BG HU DE SK SLO HR CH GB N F NL IT

target expansion of the district heating market share to 25 - 40%

District heating market share / target by the

German government 25%

CHALLANGES FOR CHP

Donnerstag, 20. Dezember 2012AGFW | Energy Efficiency Association for DHC and CHP page 20source: AGFWSource: AGFW / Euroheat & Power/ BGW

Potential for DH by 2050 is high. It can only be used by network expansion.

127,7 123,4 116,0 104,8 90,8 79,9 73,2 69,3 67,4

29,0 26,222,7 20,0 18,3 17,3 16,8 16,5

77,9

85,6 83,3 81,9

21,1

122,9

175,9169,7

157,4142,8

127,4111,6 96,6

15,7

29,238,5

34,1

31,229,7

28,627,7

66,1

30,914,1

115,4109,4

97,5 90,2

0,80,9

1,22,0

2,0

2,12,3

2,5

2,6

127,7

338,0313,5

292,0

367,2

401,4

443,8461,1

370,4

192,1

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

440

480

520

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Pote

ntie

lle D

ecku

ngsa

ntei

le d

es N

utze

nerg

iebe

darf

s de

r Hau

shal

te

durc

h Fe

rnw

ärm

e [P

J/a]

FW Bestand FW NetzverdichtungFW Netzerweiterung FW Netzerweiterung VariationErschließung neuer Gemeinden Erschließung neuer Gemeinden VariationErschließung von Neubausiedlungen

CHALLANGES FOR CHP


CHP plant

Heat plant/boiler

Electricity system

Coal/oil

Gas/biomassDistrict heating system

CHP heat

District heating production including storage and electric boiler

Low proportion pv and/or wind

Electric boiler

Heat storage

OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISTRICT HEATING


CHP plant

Heat plant/boiler

Electricity system

District heating system

District heating production including storageand electric boiler

Medium proportion pv and/or wind

Electric boiler

Heat storage

Gas/biomassCHP heat



CHP plant

Heat plant/boiler

Electricity system

District heating system

Electric heat

District heating production including accumulator and electric boiler

High proportion pv and/or wind (renewable)

Electric boiler

Heat storage

Electricity



Flexibility Potential of Public CHP Plants

» Load and production management potential of CHP with thermal storage isvery high

» A potential of 3.6 GW positive and 6.7 GW negative balancing power can beprovided

» With auxiliary electric heating systems an additional potential of 11.7 GWrenewable energy can be utilized

» The necessary total investment cost for heat storage facilities in public districtheating ranges from 1.4 to 2.2 billion Euro

» The comparison with alternative options for integrating renewable energiesshows significant advantages for thermal storage systems



1

100

1.000 10.0000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000m³

Ann

ual h

eat l

osse

s / m

ax. h

eat s

tora

ge c

apac

ity

Source: AGFW/Solites



Pit storage(60 - 80 kWh/m³)

Geothermal heat storage Aquifer-heat storage(30 - 40 kWh/m³)

Hot water-storage(60 - 80 kWh/m³)

(15 bis 30 kWh/m³)

Quelle: AGFW/Solites



Integration of Renewable heat sources


» Biomass in CHP unit.

» Geothermal sources.

» Solarthermal sources.



COOLING



source: Euroheat&Power


CHALLANGES FOR CHP AND DH

» Make use of the great potential.» Cost efficient network expansion.» Combining different RE heat sources.» Combining differen technologies. » Heat storage and flexibility. » Expansion of the cooling grid.


MULTI TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS


For further information contact:

Dr. Ingo WeidlichAGFW R&DStresemannallee 3060596 Frankfurt am [email protected]

Many thanks for your attention!

Near future challenges for R&D in the District heating and ... · VISION and REALITY Vision: Hybrid...

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Transcript of Near future challenges for R&D in the District heating and ... · VISION and REALITY Vision: Hybrid...