NCERT Sanskrit Shaswati Class XI

7/31/2019 NCERT Sanskrit Shaswati Class XI

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'kk'orh'kk'orhizFkeks Hkkx%

,dkn'koxkZ; laLrL; ikB~;iqLrde~(,sfPNdikB~;e%)


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iqjksoko~Q

2005 bZLoh;ka jkf"V;&ikBp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~ vuq'kaflra ;r~ Nk=kk.kkafo|ky;thouafo|ky;srjthousu lg ;kstuh;e~A flkUrks;aiqLrdh;&KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% iFko~Q orZrs] ;L;k% izHkkokr~vLekoaQ f'k{kkO;oLFkkbnkuha;kor~fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L; p e;s vUrjkyaiks"k;frAjkf"V;ikBp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBe&ikBiqLrdkfu vL; ewyHkkoL;O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oA iz;klsfLeu~fo"k;k.kkae;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs%fuokj.kaKkukFkjVuizo`ks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyraorZrsA vk'kkLegss;r~ iz;klks;a 1986 bZZLoh;ka jkf"V;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'ka flrk;k%ckyosQfUnzrf'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA

iz;RuL;kL; lkiQY;afo|ky;kuka izkpk;kZ.kke~v;kidkukp rs"kqiz;kls"kq fuHkZj a ;=k rs lokZufi Nk=kku ~ LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZ f;rqa]

dYiuk'khyf;k% fon/krqa] iz'uku~ iz"Vaq p izksRlkg;fUrA vLekfHk%vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a;r~LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;ap ;fn nh;sr] rfgZf'k'ko% o;LoSQ% iznksu Kkusu la;qT; uwrua Kkua l`tfUrA ijh{kk;k%vkkkj% fu/kZfjr&ikBiqLrdeso bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL; fofo/lkkukukaksrlkap vuknjL; dkj.ks"kqeq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kqltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo`ks'pvk/kuarnSo lEHkosr~;nk o;arku~f'k'kwu~f'k{k.kizf;k;k% izfrHkkfxRosuLohoqQ;kZe] u rqfu/kZfjrKkuL; xzkgdRosu ,oA

bekfu ms';kfu fo|ky;L; nSfuddk;Zes dk; ZirkS p

ifjorZueis{kUrsA ;Fkk nSfud&lkj.;ka ifjorZu'khyRoe~visf{krarFkSo okf"kZddk;Zek.kkafuoZg.ks rRijrk vko';dh ;su f'k{k.kkFkfu;rs"kqdkys"kqoLrqr% f'k{k.kaHkosr~A f'k{k.kL; ewY;kuL; p fok;% Kkif;";fUr;r~ikBiqLrdfenaNk=kk.kkafo|ky;h;&thous vkuUnkuqHkwR;Fkfd;r~


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iv

izHkkfo orZrs] u rq uhjlrk;k% lk/ue~A ikBp;kZHkkjL; funkuk;ikBefuekZrfHk% ckyeuksfoKkun"Vk v;kiuk; miyC/&dkyn"Vkp fofHkUus"kqLrjs"kqfo"k;KkuL; iqufuZ/kZj.ksu iz;Ruks fofgr%A iqLrdfenaNk=kk.kkars fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kqokrkZ;k%] dk;kZuqHkokfn&xfrfokhukap rs izkpq;sZ.k voljannkfrA ikBiqLrdL;kL; fodklk;fof'k"V;ksxnkuk; jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqlUkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~Hkk"kkijke'kZnkr`lfers%

v;{kk.kkaizks- ukeojflagegksn;kuka] laLrikBiqLrdkukaeq[;ijke'kZdkukaizks- jk/koYyHkf=kikfBegkHkkxkuka] ikBiqLrdfuekZ.klfers% lnL;kukprs gkfnZoQha rKrkaKki;frA iqLrdL;kL; fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk%vuqHkfou% f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkuaroUr%] rs"kkalaLFkkizeq[kku~laLFkk'pizfr /U;oknks O;kf;rsA

ikBiqLrdfodkles mUurLrjk; fujUrjaiz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;aiqLrdfenaNk=kk.kkars mi;qDrrjadrqfo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% v;kidS'pizsf"krkuka lRijke'kkZukalnSo Lokxrafo/kL;frA

".koqQekj%funs'kd%

uo nsgyh jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~


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v;{kHkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr&ukeoj lg

laLr ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

eq[; ijke'kZd& jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] v;{k] laLr foHkkx] gjhflagxkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxjA

eq[; leUo;d& jketUe 'kekZ] v;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-]

ubZfnYyhAleUo;d & deykdkUr feJ] izksisQlj laLr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-

lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-A

lnL;

jktsUnz feJ] iwoZ oqQyifr] lEiw.kkZuUn laLo`Qr fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klhA

nhfIr f=kikBh] v;{k] laLr foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyhA

txnh'k lseoky] funs'kd] oh- oh- oh- vkbZ- ,l-] ,.M vkbZ- ,l- iatkcfo'ofo|ky;] gksf'k;kjiqj] iatkcA

;ksxs oj nk 'kekZ] lsokfuok] jhMj laLr] fgUnw dkyst] fnYyhfo'ofo|ky;] fnYyhA

lqjs'k pU 'kekZ] izkpk;Z] jktdh; ofj"B ek;fed cky fo|ky;] 'kfDruxj] fnYyhA

Nfo".k vk;Z] miiz/kukpk;Z] osQUnzh; fo|ky;] lsosQ.M f'kV] ,.Mwtxat] ubZ fnYyhA

ljkst xqykVh] ih-th-Vh- laLr] oqQykph galjkt ekWMy LowQy] v'kksdfogkj] isQt&III] fnYyhA

ih- ,u- >k] ih- th- Vh- laLr] jktdh; ofj"B ek;fed ckyfo|ky;] vkn'kZuxj] fnYyhA

vfurk 'kekZ] ih- th- Vh- laLr] foosdkuUn ifCyd LowQy] vkuUnfogkj] fnYyhA


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vkHkkj

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqlakku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa]f'k{kdksa,oafoHkkxh; lnL;ksaosQ izfr rKrk Kkfir djrh gS ftUgksaus

bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esaviuk lf; ;ksxnku fn;k gSAifj"kn~izks- Jh fuokl jFk] izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ] dks- y-O;kljk; 'kkL=kh (johUnz ukFk VSxksj osQ xhrktfy osQ laLd`r vuqoknd)izHkfr vk/qfud lkfgR;dkjksa dh Hkh vkHkkjh gS ftudh fr;ksals izLrqriqLrd esaikB~; lkexzh ladfyr dh xbZgSA

iqLrd dh ;kstuk&fuekZ.k ls ysdj izdk'ku i;ZUr fofo/ dk;ksesa;Fkkle; lf; Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, laLr ikB~;iqLrd lfefrosQ leUo;d o muosQ foHkkxh; lg;ksxh ".k pUnz f=kikBh] izokpd]

j.kftr csgsjk] izoDrk rFkk n;k'kadj frokjh] izkstsDV ,lksfl,V lk/qoknosQ ik=k gSaA izdk'ku dk;Zesalf; lg;ksx osQ fy, Hkk"kk foHkkxdEI;wVj LVs'ku osQ bUpktZij'kjke dkSf'kd] foHkwfr ukFk >k] oqQ- o#.kkfeky] lrh'k >k (dkWih ,MhVj)] Jh jkt ey ;kno] oqQ- ehuk(izwiQ jhMj) ,oadeys'k vk;kZ(Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj) /U;okn osQ ik=k gSaA


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Hkwfedk

laLr fo'o dh vR;Ur izkphu Hkk"kk gSA Hkkjrh; laLfr dk ksr Hkh;gh Hkk"kk gSA blesau osQoy gekjs izkphu mnkk laLdkj fufgr gSa]vfirqgekjk xEHkhj 'kkL=k&Kku ,oaikjykSfdd fpUru Hkh blh Hkk"kk esamiyC/ gSA Kku&foKku osQ {ks=k esaftrus xzUFk bl Hkk"kk esa fy[ks x,gSa] mrus fo'o dh vU; fdlh Hkh izkphu Hkk"kk esa ughafeyrsA laLrdk lkfgR; Xosn dky ls ysdj vkt rd vck/ xfr ls izokfgr gksrkjgk gSA osn] O;kdj.k] T;ksfr"k] NUn] fuoZpu'kkL=k] vFkZ'kkL=k] jktuhfr]T;kfefr] "kM~n'kZu vkfn osQ lkFk&lkFk ;g lkfgR; dksey dkO;kuqHkwfr;ksals vksr&izksr x|&i| dh moZj tUeHkwfe gSA

laLr Hkk"kk us leLr Hkkjr dh vk/qfud Hkk"kkvksadks izR;{kvFkok ijks{k :i ls i;kZIr izHkkfor fd;k gSA e;dky esaizkr rFkk

viHkza'k lkfgR; dks rks laLr osQ fcuk le> ikuk cgqr dfBu FkkAvk/qfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk vf/dka'k Hkkx laLr lkfgR; dh gh nsugSA vk/qfud Hkkjr dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksaus laLr ls 'kCnkoyhxzg.k dh gSA fons'kksa esaHkh laLr dh egkk cM+s vknj ls Lohr dhxbZgSA fo'o osQ vusd fo'ofo|ky;ksaesalaLr Hkk"kk dk lE;o~Qvuq'khyu gks jgk gSA

jk"Vh; ,drk dh n`f"V ls laLr dk cgqr ego gSA ;|fiHkkjro"kZesa{ks=kh; fo"kerk,,oafofo/rk,vuUr gSa] rks Hkh ftu roksadk bl ns'k dks ,d lw=k esack/s j[kus esalokZf/d ;ksxnku gS] muesa

laLr Hkk"kk rFkk bldk lkfgR; izeq[k gSA iqjk.kksaesaHkkjr osQ leLrHkwxksy dks bl :i esa fpf=kr fd;k x;k gS fd mls i


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viii

,d jk"V osQ :i esa ns[kus dh jgh gSA bruk gh ugha] ^olq/SooqQVqEcde~* (lkjh i`Foh gh gekjk ifjokj gS) vFkok ^.oUrksfo'oek;Ze~* (ge lkjs fo'o dks Js"B cuk,) tSlh eeZLi'khZmfDr;kekuo&ek=k osQ izfr vkReh;rk osQ Hkko O;Dr djrh gSaA

osn lkjs fo'o dk izkphure ok~e; ekuk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh;laLfr osQ bfrgkl esaosnksadk LFkku furkUr egoiw.kZgSA bUghadh n`


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ix

ladyu dks lkeosn dgk x;kA dkykUrj esad~] ;tq"k~ vkSj lkeu~ osQek;e ls rhuksa:iksaesaO;ofLFkr Xosn] ;tqosZn vkSj lkeosn dks=k;hdh laKk ls vfHkfgr fd;k x;kA dfpr~ dky i'pkr~egf"kZvFkokZusvusdfo/ eU=kksadk ,d i`Fko~Q ladyu rS;kj fd;k tks vFkoZosn osQuke ls iz[;kr gks x;kA blesaczk] ijekRek] jktk] jkT;'kklu] laxzke]ukuk nsork] ;K] jk"Vh; psruk] vkS"k/ksipkj] vkf/&O;kf/ fuokj.k vkfn

vusd izdkj osQ lkalkfjd fo"k; lekfo"V gSaAlaLr dkO; dh ijEijk

dkO; osQ cht oSfnd lwDrksaesaHkh n`f"Vxkspj gksrs gSaA Xosn esa bUnz]vfXu] o#.k] fe=k] #nz] lfor] lkse] fo".kq] m"kk vkfn nsoksa dhHkkokuqizkf.kr Lrqfr;kmiyC/ gksrh gSaA ;s lk~xksik~x laLr dforkosQ mR"V mnkgj.k gSaA Xosn dh ;g dfork gh fo'o dh izFkedfork gSA bl dfork esaek/q;Zdk vuqie ifjikd] izkfrd lq"kek osQvn~Hkqr fp=k rFkk tuthou dh d#.k ,oa jliw.kZlaosnuk,n`f"Vxkspjgksrh gS aA lw;kZ rFkk lkse osQ fookg&izlax ( - 10-34) esa izse ,oalkSUn;Z dh rFkk v{klwDr esa ,d tqvkjh osQ eu dh xgjh O;Fkk dhvfHkO;fDr fdl ln; osQ eu dks ugha NwrhA blh n`f"V ls m"kl~&lwDrrFkk bUnz&bUnzk.kh] ;e&;eh] iq:jok&moZ'kh vkfn laokn&lwDr rFkke.Mwd&lwDr mnkk dkO;ksfpr vfHkO;fDr;k sa osQ fy, mYys[kuh; gSaA

oSfnd dfork us lexz fo'o dks Lusg] lkgp;Z] lg;ksx] eerk,oafo'ocU/qRo dh f'k{kk nh gSA leku ;k=kk] leku ok.kh vkSj lekufparu dk vuqie vkn'kZgesaXosn dh dfork esan`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS&

l~xPNoalaonoala oks eukafl tkurke~A

nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ ltkukuk miklrsAA (-X. 191.2)gekjs fopkj leku gksa] gekjh lgefr leku gks] gekjh eukso`fk

leku gks! leRo dk ;g egkeU=k vkt osQ ;qx esafurkUr lkFkZd gSAblh izdkj lEiw.kZiFoh&lwDr (vFkoZ- XII. 1) jk"Vh; vfLerk


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x

dk pwMkUr fun'kZu gSA oSfnd dfo rks iFoh dks eerke;h ekosQ gh:i esa ns[kus dk vfHkyk"kh gSA ^ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kksga ifFkO;k%* dkmn~?kks"k vFkoZosn dk egkeU=k gSA

fo"k;oLrqdh n`f"V ls osn dk pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkktu fd;k tkrkgS & eU=k] czk.k] vkj.;d ,oamifu"kn~A ;gkeU=k dk vFkZ euu ;ksX;okD; gS tks Xosn vkfn lafgrkvksaosQ :i esamiyC/ gSA bu eU=kksadh

O;k[;k djus okys Hkkx czk.k gSaA ;s xzUFk ;Kh; deZdk.M ls tqM+s gSaAvkj.;d xzUFkksaesaokuizLFkksfpr fu;e rFkk vkpkjlafgrk dk mYys[k gSAmifu"knksadk izfrik| fo"k; gS ikjykSfdd xw


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xi

dfork ,d ifjfuf"Br


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xii

oqQjjh i{kh dks fn;k x;k fuEu mikyEHk vU;ksfDrijEijk dk vuqiemnkgj.k gS&

oqQjfj foyifl Roaohrfunzk u 'ks"ksLofifr txfr jk=;kehojks xqIrcks/%Ao;feo lf[k fdafpn~ xk


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xiii

tuqfgZ ;s"kka[kyqHkkjrsfLrrs LoxZeks{kksHk;ykHkoUr%AA

( f'koegkiqjk.k5@18@21)

ftudk Hkkjrns'k esatUe gqvk gS os LoxZvkSj eks{k] nksauksagh dkykHk izkIr djus okys gks (ld) rs gSaA

oSfnd ok~e;] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr ,oaiqjk.k dh ph&uhph

miR;dkvksaesacgrh ljl laLr dkO;/kjk vc HkkxhjFkh dh rjgleryHkwfe esaizos'k dj vius rVksaij ikf.kfu] iratfy] dkfynkl]Hkkjfo] ek?k ,oaJhg"kZtSls ikou rhFkksdk fuekZ.k djus esayx tkrhgSA egf"kZikf.kfu (bZ- iw- 5oha'krh) us fpjdky ls iz;ksx esavk jghHkk"kk dks ifjekftZr dj mls ,d fLFkj :i iznku fd;k ftls laLrdgk tkus yxkA yksd osQ fy, vf/d mi;ksxh] ljy ,oacks/xE; gksusosQ dkj.k gh bl Hkk"kk dks dkykUrj esa ykSfdd laLr dgktkus yxkA

egf"kZikf.kfu&iz.khr^tkEcorhfot;*lEHkor% ykSfdd laLr

Hkk"kk dk izFke egkdkO; gS tks vc miyC/ ugha gSA rRi'pkr~oj#fp&iz.khr egkdkO; LoxkZjksg.k*dk mYys[k Hkh feyrk gSA oj#fpdk dky bZ-iw- prqFkZ'krh ekuk tkrk gSA iratfy (bZ-iw- 150 o"kZ) osQegkHkk"; ls Hkh laLr dfork osQ fodkl osQ cgqewY; lk{; feyrs gSaAoklonRrk] lqeuksRrjk rFkk HkSejFkh uked vk[;kf;dkvksadk mYys[kgesaegkHkk"; esagh feyrk gSA

egkHkk";dkj iratfy osQ vuUrj laLr dfork dk Js"B Lo:iegkdfo dkfynkl dh fr;ksaesans[kus dks feyrk gSA osnksals izkjEHkdkO;/kjk iqjk.kksaosQ dysoj rd tgkeqDr okrkoj.k esaizokfgr gqbZ

oghamlosQ vuUrj mldk fodkl dkO;&y{k.kksadh lhekvksaosQ chpgqvkA bZlk dh izkjfEHkd 'krkfCn;ksa esa vkfoHkwZr vkpk;Z Hkjr dkukV~;'kkL=k dkO;'kkL=kh; y{k.kksa dk izFke ekud xzUFk gS ftlesajl]xq.k] vyadkj] NUn ,oajaxeap dk lw{e foospu feyrk gSA 'kSyh osQvk/kj ij dfork dk x|] i| rFkk pEiwosQ :i esaf=k/k foHkktu Hkh


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xiv

dkO;'kkL=k esafeyrk gSA vokUrj dky esaHkkeg] n.Mh rFkk #nzV vkfnvkpk;ksus tSls&tSls dkO;'kkL=kh; rF;ksadks ifjekftZr fd;k oSls&oSlsdkO;fr;ksaosQ Lo:i Hkh ifjofrZr gksrs x,A

bZ-iw- izFke 'krh osQ mTtf;uh&ujs'k foekfnR; osQ jktdfoegkdfo dkfynkl us nks egkdkO; & j?kqoa'k,oa oqQekjlEHko] nks[k.MdkO; & es?knwr,oarqlagkjrFkk rhu ukVd &vfHkKku'kkoqQUry]foeksoZ'kh;rFkkekyfodkfXufe=k dh jpuk dhA dkfynkl osQ ;qx esagq, dfo;ksa esa v'o?kks"k] 'kwnzd] ekr`psV] vk;Z'kwj] oqQekjnkl rFkkizojlsu vkfn dh x.kuk gksrh gSA bls laLr dfork dk mRd"kZdkyekuk tkrk gSA bl ;qx dh dfork esaHkko rFkk Hkk"kk dk lqanj leUo;feyrk gS rFkk blesaO;atuko`fk dh iz/kurk gSA lkFk gh] miek] :id]mRisz{kk] vizLrqriz'kalk] leklksfDr tSls dksey ,oalgt vFkkZyadkjksa}kjk dforkdkfeuh dk loZ=k vyadj.k feyrk gSA dkfynkl dh dforkbl fo/k dk loksZke fun'kZu gSA fuEufyf[kr i| esaHkko&lkSUn;Z,oamiek dk eatqy leUo; nz"VO; gSA

lpkfj.kh nhif'k[kso jk=kkS ;a ;a O;rh;k; ifraojk lkAujsUekxkZ bo izisns foo.kZHkkoa l l Hkwfeiky%AA

( j?kqoa'k6-67)

egkdfo Hkkjfo (NBh 'krh bZ-) osQ lkFk dkfynklkskj laLrdfork dk mn; gqvkA bl ;qx osQ izeq[k dfo gSa & Hkkjfo] ek?k] Hkf]jRukdj] Jhg"kZvkfnA bl ;qx dh dfork esadyki{k dh iz/kurkfn[kkbZnsrh gSA

izk;% 17oha 'krh bZ- esaiafMrjkt txUukFk osQ lkFk laLr dforkosQ dykRed mRd"kZdk v;k; iw.kZle> fy;k tkrk gSA ijUrq19oha

'krh osQ jk"Vh; iqutkZxj.k osQ lkFk mlesaHkh u, thou vkSj ubZpsrukdk lapkj vkjEHk gks x;kA bl ;qx osQ laLr dfo;ksa us izkphuijEijkvksa dk ifjR;kx u djrs gq, Hkh jk"V osQ uwru ifjos'k esadkO;&lk/uk dhA ia- vfEcdknk O;kl] e-e- jkekorkj 'kekZ] vIik


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xv

'kkL=kh jkf'koMsdj] Hk eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh vkfn dk uke bl ;qxosQ dfo;ksaesamYys[kuh; gSA ;g vk/qfud laLr dfork dk mn;dky FkkA

,d vksj tgklaLr dfork ekuoh; laosnuk ls tqM+dj fodflrgks jgh Fkh oghanwljh vksj foKku ,oa'kkL=k&fpUru ls tqM+h nwljhdkO;/kjk Hkh lekukUrj Lrj ij izokfgr gks jgh FkhA vk;qosZn] jlk;u]T;ksfr"k tSls oSKkfud fo"k;ksaosQ lkFk&lkFk dkO;'kkL=k] n'kZu'kkL=k]

xf.kr] rU=k] laxhr] dke vkfn 'kkL=kksadk iYyou Hkh vck/ xfr lsgksrk jgk FkkA ;s lHkh 'kkL=kh; xzUFk izk;% i|c gSaA buesavk;qosZn osQpjdlafgrk ,oa lqJqrlafgrk] jlk;ufoKku osQ jljRukdj (ukxktqZu)]jln;rU=k (HkxoRikn)] jljRuleqPp; (okXHkV) jlsUnzpwMkef.k(lksenso) T;ksfr"k'kkL=k osQ vk;ZHkVh; (vk;ZHk) iapflkfUrdk]c`gTtkrd] c`gRlafgrk (ojkgfefgj&505 bZ-) rFkk HkkLdjkpk;Z] uhyd.B]deykdj vkfn fo}kuksaosQ xzUFk mYys[kuh; gSaA

dkO;'kkL=k osQ xzUFkksaesadkO;kyadkj (Hkkeg&lkroha'krh bZ-)dkO;kn'k Z (n.Mh lkroh a 'krh bZ-)] dkO;kyadkj (#nzV&vkBoha

'krh bZ-)] oksfDrthfor (oqQUrd&X;kjgoha 'krh bZ-)] dkO;izdk'k(eEeV&X;kjgoha'krh bZ-)] lkfgR;niZ.k (fo'oukFk&pkSngoha 'krh bZ-)rFkk jlx~xkkj (if.Mrjkt txUukFk&l=kgoha'krh bZ-) mYys[kuh;gSaA vkpk;ZHkjr dk ukV~;'kkL=k] kuTk; dk n'k:id] jkepUnz&xq.kpUnzdk ukV~;niZ.k vkfn ukV~;'kkL=kh; xzUFk izfl gSaA vkpk;Zfi~xy dkNUn%'kkL=k] {ksesUnz dk lqo`kfryd] uoqQy dk v'o'kkL=k] okRL;k;udk dke'kkL=k] dkSfVY; rFkk euq] ;kKoYD; vkfn osQ LefrxzUFk Hkhviuh&viuh fo/kvksaosQ ewy ksr gSaA oLrqr% foKku ,oa'kkL=k ijvk/kfjr laLr ok~e; dk Hk.Mkj cgqr fo'kky ,oafofo/ gSA ;gk

osQoy ifjp;kRed Kku osQ fy, gh dfpr~ lkexzh nh xbZgSAlaLr x|dkO; dh ijEijk

laLr x| dh ijEijk oSfnd dky ls ekuh tk ldrh gSA rSfkjh;lafgrk esax| dk iz;ksx cgqr ek=kk esafeyrk gSA oSfnd lkfgR; esa


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czk.kksa] vkj.;dksavkSj mifu"knksaesa laLr x| dk izHkwr fodflr :iik;k tkrk gSA 'kriFk vkSj ,srjs; czk.k osQ oqQN x|e; vk[;ku rksmRrjdkyhu dfo;ksaosQ fy, mithO; cu x, gSaA oSfnd lkfgR; osQckn lw=k&lkfgR; esa] fo'ks"kdj /eZlw=kksaesa] laLr&x| dk fodflr:i feyrk gSA ikf.kfu dh v"Vk;k;h ij jfpr iratfy dk egkHkk";x| esa fy[kk x;k gSA egkHkkjr esa Hkh dgha&dghalaLr&x| osQ

mR"V mnkgj.k ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA nwljh 'krh bZ- esarks x| osQfodkl osQ izkS


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dgkuh ij vk/kfjr gksrh gS tSls& ck.k dhdknEcjhA ,sfrgkfldfo"k;oLrqdks vk/kj cukdj fy[ks x, x|dkO; dks vk[;kf;dk dgrsgSa] ;Fkk& ck.k dkg"kZpfjrA vk[;ku dk vkdkj izk;% NksVk gksrk gSftlesa,sfrgkfld rFkk dkYifud nksuksaizdkj osQ fo"k; gksrs gSaA laLrosQ vk[;ku&lkfgR; esaiaprU=k]fgrksins'k]'kqdlIrfr vkfn izfl gSaA

x|&i| fefJr dkO; dks pEiwdgk x;k gSA laLr&lkfgR; esaf=kfoeHkdk uypEiw] Hkkst dk pEiwjkek;.k] lksensolwfj dk;'kfLrydpEiw vkfn fo'ks"k egoiw.kZgSaA laLr osQ dfo;ksaus viusvkJ;nkrk jktkvksadh iz'kalk esa izk;% x|dkO;ksadh jpuk dh gS ftUgsaiz'kfLrdkO; osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA izkphu dky esaf'kykvksa] rkezi=kksarFkk Lrwiksaij izk;% 'kklukns'k fy[ks tkrs FksA budk x| lkekU; x| lsfHkUu gksrk FkkA vr% vfHkys[k x| dks ,d i`Fko~Q Hksn eku fy;k x;kAi=k&ys[ku Hkh izkphu dky ls gh gksrk jgk gSA laLr x|&lkfgR; dhvis{kkr uohu fo/k fucU/&ys[ku gSA laLr x|e; fucU/ksa esa"khosQ'k 'kkL=kh dhizcU/eatjh] jkekorkj 'kekZdkizdh.kZfucU/vkfnmYys[kuh; gSaA

laLr osQ izeq[k x|dkjksaesavk;Z'kwj dk uke loZizFke fy;k tkldrk gSA mudk fLFkfrdky 300 bZ- osQ vklikl ekuk tkrk gSA mudhjpuk&tkrdekyk esanh?kZ,oay?kqnksuksaizdkj osQ leklksadk vkn'kZleUo; izkIr gksrk gSA NBh 'krh esa gq, n.Mh dk n'koqQekjpfjr laLrx| dk mR"V fun'kZu gSA bldh Hkk"kk uSlfxZd] izokgiw.kZ,oaeqgkojsnkjgSA n.Mh dk inykfyR; izfl gSA lkroha'krh osQ iwokZZesalqcU/qusxkSMh jhfr esaoklonkk uked x|xzUFk dh jpuk dh ftlesadUniZosQrqvkSj oklonkk dh iz.k;dFkk of.kZr gSA lqcU/q us viuh jpuk esayEcs&yEcs leklksa] vuqizkl rFkk 'ys"k vyadkj dk fo'ks"k :i ls iz;ksxfd;k gSA

laLr x| lkfgR; esalokZf/d izfl x|dkj ck.k gh gSaA mudhg"kZpfjr ,oadknEcjh uke dh nks jpuk;sax|dkO; dk vyadkj ekuhxbZgSaA jl] vyadkj] xq.k] jhfr vkfn osQ leqfpr iz;ksx osQ dkj.k


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dknEcjhlaLr dh loksZR"V jpuk ekuh tkrh gSA f=kfoeHkV~V dhuypEiwljl ,oa izlkniw.kZjpuk gSA blesalHk~x 'ys"k ,oavHk~x'ys"k dh iz/kurk gSA /uiky dhfrydeatjh] ck.k dh 'kSyh esafy[khxbZgSA bldh Hkk"kk i;kZIr izkaty ,oa'kSyh nq:grk ls jfgr gSA 11oha'krh osQ lksM~


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vuqlkj czk us pkjksaosnksadk ;ku djosQ Xosn ls laokn] lkeosn lsxku] ;tqosZn ls vfHku; vkSj vFkoZosn ls jl osQ roksadks ysdj^ukVosn* uked ipe osn dh jpuk dhA dbZfo}kuksaus Xosn osQlaokn&lwkQksaesalaLr ukVdksadk izkjfEHkd :i ns[kk gSA bu lwDrksaesabUnz&e#r~] vxLR;&yksikeqnzk] fo'okfe=k&unh] ofl"B&lqnkl] ;e&;eh]bUnz&bUnzk.kh]iq:jok&moZ'kh]ljek&if.k vkfn osQ laokn cgqr izflgSaA ;s laoknkRed lwkQ ukVdh; ekus x, gSaA ik'pk; fo}kuksaus ukVddh mRifRr osQ lEcU/ esaiqRrfydk&u`R;] Lokx] Nk;kukVd] ohjiwtkvkfn osQ flkUr izLrqr fd, gSaA

ukVd osQ fodkl osQ fy, visf{kr ro xhr] ok|] vfHku;]laokn vkfn dh lkk oSfnd dky esaHkh FkhA jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr esauV] urZd] ukVd vkfn osQ iz;ksx ls fl gksrk gS fd ml ;qx esaHkhukVdksadk izpyu FkkA bZlk iwoZnwljh 'krh esairatfy us vius egkHkk";es dalo/ vkSj cfycU/ uked ukVdksaosQ [ksys tkus dk mYys[k fd;kgSA bZlk iwoZikpoha'krh esaikf.kfu us viuh v"Vk;k;h esauVlw=kksadkmYys[k fd;k gSA v'kksd osQ f'kykys[kksa esaHkh uV vkSj lekt dkmYys[k feyrk gSA blls fl gksrk gS fd Hkkjr esa ukV~;&ijEijkvR;Ur izkphu dky ls gSA

laLr ukV~;lkfgR; esalcls izkphu jpuk;saegkdfo Hkkl dhfeyrh gSaA budk le; pkSFkh&ikpoha'krh bZ-iw- osQ yxHkx ekuk tkrkgSA bUgksaus rsjg ukVdksadh jpuk dh ftuesaLoIuoklonk]izfrKk;kSxUkjk;.k]izfrekukVd]iapjk=k]nwrokD;]d.kZHkkj vkfn izfl gS aA buosQ ckn'kwnzd dkePNdfVd mYys[kuh; gSA

egkdfo dkfynkl dk uke laLr ukV~;lkfgR; esaloksZifj gSAbUgsadfooqQyxq# Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA budkvfHkKku'kkoqQUry vusdHkkjrh; ,oaik'pkR; Hkk"kkvksaesavuwfnr gks pqdk gSA blesavkn'kZHkkjrh; thou dk o.kZu gSA ekyfodkfXufe=kvkSjfoeksoZ'kh;dkfynklosQ nks vU; izfl ukVd gSaA dkfynkl dh 'kSyh ljy] ljl] e/qj]izlkn rFkk ykfyR; xq.kksals lEiUu gSA


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dkfynkl osQ ckn v'o?kks"k] fo'kk[knk] fn~ukx] Hkukjk;.k]HkoHkwfr] g"kZvkfn dk uke laLr ukV~; lkfgR; esamYys[kuh; gSAbuesaHkoHkwfr dk uke lokZf/d izfl gSA mUgksaus rhu ukVdksadh jpukdh gS& ekyrhek/o]egkohjpfjrvkSjmkjjkepfjrA buesamkjjkepfjrloZJs"B gSA ;g okYehfd jkek;.k osQ mkjdk.M dh dFkk ij vk/kfjrgSA blesad#.k jl dh vR;Ur lqUnj ,oaekfeZd fu"ifk ns[kus ;ksX;

gSA HkoHkwfr esa;|fi dkfynkl dh lh ljyrk vkSj lgtrk ughagS fiQjHkh ukV~; lkfgR; esamUgsadkfynkl osQ leku gh lEeku feyrk gSAvkn'kZoSokfgd thou osQ fp=k.k esa HkoHkwfr ikjaxr gSaA jke vkSj lhrkosQ dksey ,oaifo=k izse dk fp=k.k Hkh mkjjkepfjr dh fof'k"Vrk gSA

laLr ukVdksadh izeq[k fo'ks"krk mudk lq[kkUr gksuk gSA lEiw.kZukVd esa;|fi lq[k vkSj nq%[k dk lfEeJ.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS] rks Hkhmldh ifj.kfr lq[kkUr gh gksrh gSA lq[k osQ miiknu osQ fy, gh ukVdesanq%[k dk fu"iknu gksrk gSA blosQ ihNs Hkkjrh; fpUru gh iz/kudkj.k gSA izkphu Hkkjr osQ fuoklh vk'kkoknh FksA muosQ vuqlkj thou

esanq%[k&Dys'k dh ifj.kfr lnSo lq[k vkSj ijekuUn esa gksrh gSAlaLr ukVdksaesa laokn osQ fy, izk;% x| dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSijUrqjkspdrk] izfro.kZu] uhfrf'k{kk vkfn osQ fy, i| osQ iz;ksx dksego fn;k tkrk gSA laLr osQ lkFk&lkFk izkr Hkk"kkvksadk iz;ksx HkhlaLr ukVdksaesafeyrk gSA lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k laLr le>rs rks gSa]fdUrqvius&vius lkekftd Lrj osQ vuq:i laLr ;k izkr cksyrsgSaA uk;d osQ fe=k osQ :i esafonw"kd dh dYiuk laLr ukVdksadh,d mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk gSA bu ukVdksaesavfHku; lEcU/h laosQr];Fkk & izdk'ke~] Loxre~] tukfUrde~] ljks"ke~] fogL; bR;kfn lw{erk

osQ lkFk fn, tkrs gSaA euksjatu osQ lkFk&lkFk uSfrdrk vkSj mPp vkn'kksdk tuekul esa lapkj djuk Hkh laLr&ukVdksadk ,d y{; gSAykSfdd vkSj vYkkSfdd lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k buesa gksrs gSaA izfr&o.kZuHkh laLr&ukVdksadh ,d cgqr cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA


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izLrqr ladyu dh i`"BHkwfe

laLr osQ vf[ky Hkkjrh; ego dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, jk"Vh; 'kSf{kdvuqlU/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~osQ roko/ku esaofj"B ek;fed Lrjij oSdfYid fo"k; osQ :i esalaLr i


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oLrqr% f'k{kk ,oaikB~;e dk ;g i{k vR;Ur egoiw.kZgSAnsook.kh laLr dk ok~e; osnksals izkjEHk gksdj vk/qfud ;qx rdO;kIr gSA oLrqr% ;g ok~e; Hkkjro"kZosQ fiNys ikp gtkj o"kks dk,d thoUr nLrkost gS ftlesajk"V dk bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] n'kZu] laLfr]lkekftd mFky&iqFky] fuR; ifjorZu'khy tuthou lc oqQN fo|eku gSA

,slh fLFkfr esavko';d gS fd izkphu xzUFkksals ge ,sls gh va'k

ikB~;e esalekfo"V djsaftuesavkt dk Hkh jk"Vh; ,oalkekftdifjos'k lejl gksA Jo.k oqQekj dh ekr`fir`HkfDr] gfj'pUnz dhlR;fu"Bk] okYehfd&of.kZr rqvksadk 'kk'or lkSUn;ZrFkk dFkklfjRlkxj]iprU=k] fgrksins'k ,oaiq#"kijh{kk vkfn izkphu xzUFkksa dh f'k{kkizndgkfu;k blh izdkj dh gSaA budk lUnHkZlkoZdkfyd gS] vr% budhlEisz"k.kh;rk Hkh tSlh dh rSlh gSA

ikB~;p;kZdk rhljk y{; Hkh ;gh fuf'pr fd;k x;k & thouosQ ifjos'k ls f'k{kk dk ?kfu"B lEcU/A bl y{; dh iwfrZrHkh gkslosQxh tc ladfyr ikBka'kksa,oavk/qfud thou&ifjos'k osQ chp lsrq

gks] vUr%lEcU/ gksAikB~;p;kZdk pkSFkk y{; fuf'pr fd;k x;k & f'k{kk dh xq.kokkesalq/kjA bl y{; dh iwfrZosQ fy, gesa;g ;ku j[kuk gksxk fdgekjh ikB~;iqLrosaQ loZFkk fujo| gksa] fookneqDr gksaA ladfyr ikBjk"Vh; vkn'kksrFkk laoS/kfud ekU;rkvksaosQ loZFkk vuqowQy gksaA iqjkuhikB~;iqLrdksaesaizk;% ewyikB dh j{kk* osQ yksHko'k mi;qZDr rF;ksadhmis{kk dh xbZgSA ijUrqvkt dk Hkkjrh; lekt vR;Ur laosnu'khy gSAvr% ;g ;ku j[kk gh tkuk pkfg, fd fdlh Hkh ladfyr va'k lslekt osQ fdlh Hkh oxZdh Hkkouk vkgr u gksA ikBksals loZkeZ&leHkko]

loksZn; rFkk lkekftd lekurk vkfn dk leFkZu gksuk pkfg,A fdlhHkh oxZ] tkfr] leqnk; vFkok izo`fk dh voekuuk ughagksuh pkfg,vkSj u gh fdlh osQ izfr izR;{k vFkok ijks{k jhfr ls dksbZvk{ksi gksukpkfg,A


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ikB~;p;kZdk vfUre y{; vR;Ur egoiw.kZgS] fo'ks"kdj laLrikB~;e osQ lUnHkZesaa ! ;g y{; gS & Nk=kksadks fpUru osQ fy, izsfjrdjukA ikB~;e ,slk cuk;k tkuk pkfg, tks Nk=kksadks Lo;aLiwQrZcuklosQA izk;% f'k{kd Nk=kksa dks ^fu#ik;* cukrk gS ;g dgdj fd^d.BLFk djus osQ vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZmik; ughaA*

'kCn:Ik ,oa/krq:Ik d.BLFk djrs&djrs vf/dka'k Nk=k fujk'k]oqQf.Br ,oagrizHk gksdj laLrk;;u ls fojr gks tkrs gSaA Nk=kksaesa

,d Hkze&lk O;kIr gks tkrk gS fd laLr esa lc oqQN jVus ls gh flgksxkA tcfd ,slk fcYoqQy ughagSA dkSu ,slh Hkk"kk gS ftlesa Nk=kegoiw.kZva'kksadks d.BLFk ughadjrk\ fo|k dk d.BLFk gksuk rksiz'kaluh; ckr gS] bldh fuUnk oSQlh\

ijUrqlaLr Hkk"kk esaizoh.k gksus osQ fy, lc oqQN jV Mkyus dhdksbZvko';drk ughaA vko';drk gS rks osQoy bl ckr dh fd Nk=kloZ=k ^v;kidkfJr* ghu gksA og Lo;a Hkh oqQN lkspuk fopkjukvFkok djuk lh[ksA fdlh ikB dks i


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[k& vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksaosQ lkfgR; dh fofo/ vuwfnr (laLr)jpukvksadk Hkh ikB~;e esa lekos'kA

x& ikB~;p;kZosQ fofo/ y{;ksadh iwfrZgsrqu;s vH;kl iz'uksa]fVIif.k;ksa,oa;ksX;rk foLrkj&mik;ksadk lekos'kA

?k& f'k{k.k&laosQrksadk funsZ'kA

ikB~;p;kZosQ y{;ksadks n`f"V esa j[kdj lq/h izk;kidksa,oa

fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa osQ leosr iz;kl ls fufeZr izLrqr ikB~;iqLrd fu'p;gh laLrk;;u osQ {ks=k esa,d 'kqHkkjEHk gSA ;g ikB~;e laLrkkhrhNk=kksaesamu xq.kksadks fodflr djsxk tks ikB~;p;kZosQ y{;:Ik esafoU;Lr fd;s x;s gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd&lfefr osQeq[;ijke'kZdosQ :i esa gesa ekxZn'kZufeyk gS laLr osQ iz[;kr fo}ku~izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] v;{k]laLr foHkkx] MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj (e-iz-) dk tksJs"B dfo] leh{kd] vusd ikB~;xzUFk&fuekZrk ,oavuqHko osQ /uhdeZB fo}ku gSaA fo'ks"kKfo}ku~osQ :Ik esa ge ykHkkfUor gq, gSa

izks- jktsUnz feJ ,oaizks- nhfIr f=kikBh ls tks iwoZesaHkh jk"Vh; 'kSf{kdvuqlU/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ dh laLr lEcU/h vusd ifj;kstukvksa]laxksf"B;ksa,oamieksaesa viuk lf; ;ksxnku nsrs jgs gSaA lfefr osQvU;kU; leLr lnL; Hkh fo"k; ,oaHkk"kk osQ eeZK] ;'kLoh izk;kidgSaA

izLrqr ladyu esa nl ikB gSaA buesa izFke ikBosnke`re~esaXosn] ;tqosZn ,oavFkoZosn ls eU=kksadks ladfyr fd;k x;k gSAfo'o'kkfUr] fo'ocU/qRo vkSj jk"Vizse dh n`f"V ls ;s eU=k Nk=kksaosQ fy,,d vuqdj.kh; vkn'kZizLrqr djrs gSaA

f}rh; ikBrqfp=k.ke~ esa okYehfdjkek;.k osQ fdf"dU/k]vj.; ,oa lqUnj dk.Mksa ls 12 'yksd ladfyr gSaA buesaolUr] o"kkZ]'kjn~ ,oagseUr rFkk pUnzksn; dk vR;Ur lqUnj fp=k.k gSA izfr&o.kZudh n`f"V ls ;s 'yksd vR;Ur euksje rFkk n;kotZd gSaA lEiw.kZfo'o


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esaek=k Hkkjro"kZgh ,d ,slk fnO; Hkw[k.M gS tgkleLr rq, viuslkaxksikax oSHko&foykl osQ lkFk ckjh&ckjh ls vkrh gSasA izR;sd rqesa/fj=kh dk lkjk ifjos"k gh vkewy&pwy ifjofrZr gks mBrk gSA

r`rh; ikBijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;% vk;Z'kwj iz.khrtkrdekykls x`ghr gSA blesaeRL;:i esavorfjr Hkxoku~ cksf/lo (rFkkxr osQiwoZtUeksadh laKk) osQ ijksidkj dh ?kVuk dk vR;Ur eeZLi'khZo.kZu

fd;k x;k gSAprqFkZ ikBekuks fg egrka /ue~iape osn dgs tkus okysegkHkkjr ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA {kk=k/eZjrk fonqjk flU/qjkt }kjkijkftr rFkk j.kHkwfe ls iykf;r vius iq=k dks xfgZr djrh gqbZmlsfot; izkfIr gsrqizsfjr djrh gSA ;g ikB gesaiq#"kkFkZ,oam|ksx dhf'k{kk nsrk gSA

ipe ikBlkSo.kZ'kdfVdkegkdfo 'kwnzd&iz.khr vej ukV~;fre`PNdfVde~ls ladfyr gSA lksus vkSj ekVh osQ 'kk'or }U} dheeZLi'khZO;k[;k djus okys bl ukV~;ka'k esa ukV~;uk;d pk#nk osQ iq=k

jksglsu dh ckylqyHk ykylk dk vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k.k gSA"k"B ikBvkgkjfopkj%] pjd&lafgrk osQ jlfoeku uked izFkev;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesavkgkj&lkexzh osQ xq.kksadh oSKkfudleh{kk dh xbZgS tks vkt osQ jksxcgqy ifjos"k esavR;Ur mikns; gSA

lIre ikBlUrfrizcks/ue~egf"kZvjfoUn&iz.khr laLr [k.MdkO;Hkokuh&Hkkjrhls ladfyr gS ftlesaijk/hu Hkkjr&tuuh }kjk viuhlUrkuksadks LorU=krk izkfIr gsrqizsfjr ,oaizcksf/r fd;k x;k gSA

v"Ve ikBn;kohj dFkkeSfFky&dksfdy fo|kifr&iz.khr dFkkfriq#"kijh{kkls ladfyr gS ftlesa'kj.kkxroRly j.kFkEHkkSj ujs'k ije

gBh jko gEehj flag dh n;kohjrk dk foy{k.k f'k{kkizn o.kZu fd;kx;k gSA

uoe ikBfoKkuukSdkegkdfo izks- Jhfuokl jFk osQ dkO;laxzg^rnso xxua lSo /jk* ls ladfyr gSA bl dfork esaikjEifjd ,oa


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xxvi

uSlfxZd lq[k&lEink dh mis{kk dj foKku&iznk vlq[kkUr lqfo/kvksaosQ vU/eksg osQ izfr dfo }kjk turk dks lko/ku fd;k x;k gSA

n'ke ikBdUFkkekf.kD;e~izks- vfHkjktjktsUnzfeJ iz.khr ,dkadh&laxzg:i#h;e~ls ladfyr gSA dUFkkekf.kD; dk vFkZgSxqnM+h dkyky] ftldk bl ,dkadh esauke gS&lkse/jA lkse/j ,d 'kkdiQyfosrkdk cPpk gS ftldh fe=krk vf/oDrk Hkokuhnk osQ iq=k flU/qls gSAxjhc&vehj dh ;g eS=kh iwokZxzg & xzLr Hkokuhnk dks ilUn ughaAijUrqnq?kZVukxzLr flU/qosQ izfr iznf'kZr lkse/j osQ lnkpj.k us ,d fnuHkokuhnk dk Hkh n; ifjofrZr dj fn;kA oxZ}s"k dks lekIr djusokyk ;g ,dkadh Nk=kksadks lRiFk iznf'kZr djrk gSA

,dkn'k ikBbZ'k% oqQ=kkfLrfo'odfo johUnzukFk VSxksj dhxhrkatfyls ladfyr gSA laLr esa vuwfnr johUnzukFk dh ;g caxykdfork muosQ izxfroknh ,oatuoknh n`f"Vdks.k dk ifjp; djkrh gSftlesaijes'oj dks efUnj osQ xHkZx`g esa


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ladyu osQ lHkh ikBksaesafofHkUu ekuoh; Hkkoksa dk oqQ'kyrk lsfp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA ekuoewY;ksadh LFkkiuk] lgt vkUrfjd vkd"kZ.k]ijksidkj] ckyeuksfoKku] vkgkj dh egkk ,oa izcU/n{krk dh n`f"V ls;s ikB Nk=kksaosQ fy, f'k{kkizn ,oami;ksxh gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr blladyu dk ms'; Nk=kksadks laLr osQ izfl rFkk egku~lkfgR;dkjksals ifjfpr djokuk Hkh gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk mudh lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr dkfodkl djokuk Hkh bl ladyu dk y{; gSA

laLr lkfgR; dh fo'kky ijEijk ls bl ladyu esaosn] dkO;]x| rFkk ukVd ls izfrfuf/Hkwr va'k ladfyr gSaA ftu xzUFkksa ls ;sikB~;ka'k ladfyr gSamudk laf{kIr ifjp; ;gkfn;k tk jgk gS&

Xosn%&Xosnlafgrk esa Lrqfrijd rFkk vpZukiz/ku eU=kksadkladyu fd;k x;k gSA ;g fo'o dk izFke O;ofLFkr miyC/ xzUFk gSftlesalIrflU/q & izns'k esajgus okys vk;ksosQ /kfeZd fopkjksa,oank'kZfud Hkkoukvksa dk dkO;kRed fp=k.k gSA Xosn osQ le; esaHkkjro"kZdh tks lkaLfrd psruk Fkh og vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; ekul esa

fo|eku gSA blls laLr dh /kjk osQ lrr izokg dh iqf"V gksrh gSAvk;ksdh ,d yEch ckSfd ijEijk dk fnXn'kZu Xosn esamiyC/gksrk gSA osn osQ lwDrksaosQ cgqr cM+s Hkkx esavfXu] bUnz] lfork] #nz]fe=k] o#.k] lw;Z] e#r~ vkfn nsorkvksadh izkFkZuk gSA /kfeZd n`f"V lsjfpr lwDrksadh la[;k bl lafgrk esavo'; gh lokZf/d gSA ;g eaMy]v;k; rFkk lwDr :i esafoHkDr gSaA blesa10580 eU=k ,oa1028 lwDr gSaA

;tqosZn%& blesa;K esa mi;ksxh eU=kksadk ladyu gSA bl rjg ;gvuq"Bku&fo"k;d lafgrk gSA bu ;Kksaes n'kZiw.kZekl] vfXugks=k] pkrqekZL;]lkse;kx] oktis;] jktlw;] v'oes/ vkfn izeq[k gSaA ;tqosZn esa oqQN

eU=k i|kRed gSa rFkk oqQN x|kRed gSaA x|kRed eU=k jk"Vh; Hkkouk lsvksr&izksr gSaA deZdk.M esami;ksxh gksus osQ dkj.k ;tqosZn vU; lHkhosnksa dh vis{kk vf/d yksdfiz; gSA

lkeosn%& bl lafgrk ls dksbZeU=k rks ughafy;k x;k gS fiQj HkhlkekU; ifjp; dh vis{kk ls ;gkmYys[k dj fn;k x;k gSA lkeosn dk


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ego laxhr dh n`f"V ls cgqr vf/d gSA blls Kkr gksrk gS fdHkkjrh; laxhr dk mn~Hko fdu lzksrksals gqvkA

vFkoZosn%& vFkoZosn osQ eU=kksadk nz"Vk f"k vFkokZgSA ;g osn20 dk.MksaesafoHkDr gSA bl osn esaekj.k] eksgu] o'khsdj.k] mPpkVu]vks"kf/] jktuhfr] jkT; ikyu vkSj bZ'ojkjk/u osQ cM+s gh mi;ksxh eU=klax`ghr gSaA vFkoZosn dks lokZf/d ekuoksi;ksxh osn ekuk x;k gSA thouosQ izk;% lHkh i{kksadk Li'kZ blesa gqvk gS] fdUrq fo'ks"k :i lsrRdkyhu fo'oklksa ,oa izpfyr rU=k&eU=k vkfn dk izdk'ku blesavfkd gSA blh e esavfHkpkj ls lac f;kvksadk fu:i.k gSA'k=kquk'k] vkjksX;&izkfIr] x`g&lq[k] Hkwr&izsrksa dk fuokj.k] dhV&iraxksadk uk'k] b"V oLrqdk ykHk] fookg] okf.kT;] fir`iwtk vkfn dkfoospu vFkoZosn osQ eU=kksaesagSA fofo/ jksxksadk Lo:i crykdjmuosQ fuokj.k dh O;kid fof/ Hkh blesanh xbZgSA

jkek;.k%& jkek;.k osQ jpf;rk egf"kZokYehfd laLr dkO; osQvkfndfo ekus tkrs gSavkSj mudh fr vkfndkO;A blesae;kZnkiq#"kksRre

jke dk ikou pfjr of.kZr gSA ;g dkO;fr lkr dkaMksaesafoHkDr gSvkSj blesa24]000 'yksd gSaA dbZvFkks esa;g fr laLr&dfork osQuohu ;qx dk lw=kikr djrh gSA egf"kZokYehfd us ,d vksj rks laLrdfork osQ mPp ekuoh; thou&ewY; izLrqr fd, gSa] rks nwljh vksjdfork osQ u;s dykRed :iksadk Hkh lw=kikr fd;k gSA

yksd&thou dk eeZLi'khZfp=k.k] mnkk thou&ewY;] tM+&psrudk leUo; rFkk fofo/ lkaLfrd /kjkvksadk lfEeJ.k jkek;.k osQizeq[k izfrik| fcUnqgSaA jkek;.k osQ uk;d e;kZnkiq#"kksRre dh fir`HkfDr]Hkzkr`Lusg] 'kj.kkxrizse] eS=khHkko vkfn fnO;xq.k Hkkjrh; laLfr osQ

fuekZ.k esavrho lgk;d fl gq, gSaA bl rjg jke dk ikou pfj=kijorhZ;qx esamnkk thoukn'kksdk vk/kj curk pyk x;k vkSj blvkfndkO; dks mRrjksRrj tufiz; cukrk x;k gSA

egkHkkjr%& ;g egf"kZ osnO;kliz.khr vn~Hkqr dkO;xzUFk gSAbldks iqjk.k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bfrgkl dk Hkh blesavykSfdd lekos'k


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gSA okYehfdjkek;.k dh Hkkfr blesavf/drj vuq"Vqi~NUn dk iz;ksxfd;k x;k gSA blosQ fo"k; esa lwfDr izfl gS ^;fngkfLrrnU;=k;sgkfLrurr~Dofpr~*vFkkZr~ bl xzUFk esa lHkh izdkj osQ lkfgfR;droksadk lekos'k gSA tks blesagS ogh vU;=k gSA blls fHkUu oqQN vkSjughagSA egkHkkjr dks fofo/ lwpukvksadk fo'odks"k Hkh dgk x;k gSD;ksafd blesa/eZ] n'kZu] v;kRe] lkfgR;] iqjk.k] bfrgkl ,oadyk

lc oqQN fo|eku gSaA fo'ook~e; dk jRuHkwr Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk Hkhblh egkHkkjr dk va'k gSaA fonqjuhfr tSls uhfrxzUFk rFkk fo".kqlguketSlk ifo=k&ikou Lrks=k Hkh egkHkkjr osQ gh va'k gaSA oLrqr% 'krlkghlafgrk osQ :i esa fo[;kr ;g egku~ xzUFk Hkkjrh; laLfr dk ,ddkyt;h nLrkost gSA

tkrdekyk%& vk;Z'kwj us rhljh&pkSFkh 'krh essalaLr esatkrdekykdh jpuk dhA blesaoqQy 34 tkrd gSaA ^tkrd* 'kCn dk vFkZgS iwoZtUe lEcU/h dFkkA bu tkrdksaesacksf/lo osQ iwoZtUe osQ ln~ o`kkUrksadh dFkk ljy] x|e; laLr esamifuc gSA yksd&dY;k.k ,oa

ijksidkj dh Hkkouk dks izfrikfnr djus okyh bu dFkkvksaosQ ek;els ckS fo}ku~vk;Z'kwj us ckS flkUrksadh LFkkiuk osQ fy, gh blxzUFk dh jpuk dh gSA

e`PNdfVd%& laLr ukV~;&lkfgR; esa'kwnzd vkSj mudh ukV~;fre`PNdfVd dk egoiw.kZLFkku gSA fo'o dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesablukVd dk vuqokn gks pqdk gSA bl ukVd dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fdblosQ ik=k dkfynkl rFkk HkoHkwfr osQ ik=kksadh rjg fo'kq Hkkjrh; ugksdj fo'o osQ ukxfjd gSaA nfjnz pk#nRr] lnkpkfj.kh xf.kdk olUrlsuk]ohj 'kfoZyd rFkk mUeRr 'kdkj ,sls O;fDr gSatks fo'o osQ gj lekt

esafeyrs gSaA e`PNdfVd esalkekftd thou dk ;FkkFkZfp=k.k gSApjdlafgrk%& pjdiz.khr ;g xzUFk fpfdRlk'kkL=k dk izfl

,oaizkphu xzUFk gSA bl lafgrk esavkgkj] jksx] jksx&foKku] 'kjhj&foKku]Hkzw.k&foKku] funku] fo'ks"k ,oalkekU; fpfdRlk dk foKku of.kZr gSA;g jpuk x| ,oai| nksuksaesagSA


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HkokuhHkkjrh%& egku~ kfUrdkjh rFkk l'kL=k kfUr }kjk Hkkjrdh vktknh gkfly djus dk LoIu ns[kus okys Jh vjfoUn ?kks"k }kjk99 i|ksals ;qDr ;g [k.MdkO; lu~1906 bZ- esa dydkk osQ vyhiqjdkjkxj esafy[kk x;k FkkA ckyd vjfoUn ,d jkr LoIu esaofUnuhHkkjrekrk dk izR;{k n'kZu Hkxorh egkdkyh osQ :i esadjrk gSA ogcsfM+;ksaesatdM+h gSA Hkxorh osQ :i esaHkkjr ekrk vjfoUn dks y{;

cukdj viuh lUrfrHkwrk Hkkjrh; turk dks] mlosQ Lof.kZe vrhr dkLej.k djkrs gq,] LorU=krk izkfIr gsrq izsfjr djrh gSA vlhejk"VHkfDr&Hkkouk ls iwfjr ;g [k.MdkO; LOkk/hurk&laxzke osQ fnuksaesatu&tu dk d.Bgkj cu x;k rFkk fczfV'k 'kklu }kjk tCr dj fy;kx;k FkkA LorU=krk&izkfIr osQ vuUrj iqu% bldk izdk'ku rFkk izpkj&izlkjgqvk gSA

iq#"kijh{kk%& ^eSfFkydksfdy* inoh ls foHkwf"kr egkdfo fo|kifr(1350&1452) iz.khr ;g dFkkxzUFk fofo/dksfVd mnkk vkn'kks dhizfr"Bkiuk djrk gSA fefFkyk&ujs'k dhfrZflag] f'koflag] iflag] ujflag]

/hjflag rFkk HkSjoflag osQ jkT;dky esajktdfo osQ in ij vf/f"Br]laLr&izkr&vog rFkk eSfFkyh Hkk"kkvksaesaleku xfr ls lkfgR;&lajpukdjus okys fo|kifr fu'p; gh ,d dkyt;h lkfgR;dkj FksA mUgksausizk;% mUuhl xzUFkksadk iz.k;u fd;kA

egkjkt f'koflag nso osQ funsZ'k ij fo|kifr us n.Muhfr&fo"k;ddFkkfriq#"kijh{kkdh jpuk dh&

rL; Jh f'koflagnsou`irsfoZKfiz;L;kK;kxzUFka xzfUFkyn.Muhfrfo"k;s fo|kifrO;kZruksr~AA

iq#"kijh{kk osQ pkj ifjPNsnksaesae'k% vkB] lkr] pkSng rFkk

iUnzg dFkk;saladfyr gSaA pkSFks ifjPNsn dh dFkk;sa /eZ] vFkZ] dke ,oaeks{k 'kh"kZdksa esafoHkDr gSaA izLrqr ladyu esaLFkkukiUun;kohjdFkkiq#"kijh{kk osQ izFke ifjPNsn ls laxghr gSA blesa 'kj.kkxr ehjefgek'kkg dh j{kk osQ fy, lqYrku vykmhu osQ dksiHkktu jko gEehjflag }kjk vkReksRlxZdjus dk eeZLi'khZo.kZu gSA


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rnso xxualSo /jk%& mRdy dh ifo=k /jrh esa1933 esatUesizks- Jhfuokl jFk dk lEiw.kZthou mkj Hkkjr osQ fofo/ vapyksaesachrkA lokZf/d dky;kiu mUgksaus Hkxoku~ egkdky dh eks{knk iqjhmTtf;uh esafd;k tgkog foe fo'ofo|ky; esalaLr&foHkkx esavkpk;Z,oav;{k jgsA O;kdj.k] lkfgR;kfn xzUFkksadk ikjEifjd Kkuizks- jFk dks vius fo}ku~fir`pj.k ls izkIr gqvk tks eqjsuk osQ laLr

egkfo|ky; esayC/izfr"B vkpk;ZFksA izks- jFk us dk'kh fgUnwfo'ofo|ky;ls laLr esa,e- ,- fd;kAjk"Vh; laLr laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh }kjk 1995 bZ- esaizdkf'kr

izks- jFk dk xhr&laxzgrnso xxua lSo /jkvokZphu laLr ok~e;dh ,d mR"V fr gS ftlesa ns'kHkfDr] jk"Vh; ,drk] mn~cks/u]'kkS;Z] vk/qfud lkekftd ewY; rFkk HkfDrHkkouk vkfn fo"k;ksals tqM+s41 xhr gSa tks vR;Ur ljy] e/qj] y;okgh rFkk Hkkoizo.k gSaA^foKkuukSdk* 'kh"kZd xhr esafoKku ,oaizfr osQ chp lUrqyu LFkkfirdjus dk ladYi O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA

:i#h;e~%& ok~e; dh dkO;] ukV~;] dFkk ,oaleh{kk&pkjksagh fo/kvksaesaek=kk ,oaxq.kokk&nksuksagh n`f"V;ksals mR"V jpuk djusokys ^f=kos.khdfo* osQ :i esa izfrf"Br izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ dktUe 1943 bZ- esa tkSuiqj tuin (m-iz-) osQ nzks.khiqj xzke esaia- nqxkZizlkn feJ ,oaegh;lh vfHkjkth nsoh osQ e;eiq=k osQ :i esagqvkA bykgkckn rFkk f'keyk fo'ofo|ky;ksaesav;kiujr] ckyh}hih;mn;u fo'ofo|ky; (b.Mksusf'k;k) esafoftfVax izksiQslj rFkk vUrr%lEiw.kkZuUn laLr fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klh osQ ;'kLoh oqQyifr jgs izks-feJ us vc rd nks egkdO;] iUnzg [k.MdkO;] N% xhrlaxzg] nl

,dkadh&laxzg] rhu dFkklaxzg ,oa vusd leh{kkxzUFk izdkf'kr fd;s gSaA:i#h;e~%& izks- feJ&iz.khr X;kjg ,dkafd;ksadk laxzg gS]

ftuesaikSjkf.kd] ,sfrgkfld rFkk euksoSKkfud osQ lkFk gh lkFk lkekftd,dkadh Hkh ladfyr gSaftuesangst&leL;k] nL;q&mUewyu& leL;krFkk tkrh; fo}s"k&'keu vkfn leL;kvksadks lek/ku osQ lkFk fpf=kr


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fd;k x;k gSAdUFkkekf.kD;e~dk uk;d lkse/j ,d ,slk gh mnkkik=k gS tks viuh lnk'k;rk ls vf/oDrk Hkokuhnk dh }s"kn`f"V dkslekIr djus esaliQy gksrk gSA

xhrktfy%& fo'odfo johUnzukFk VSxksj dks xhrktfy osQ fy,fo'oizfl ukscy iqjLdkj izkIr gqvk FkkA ;s xhr ewyr% cxyk Hkk"kkesa fy[ks x;s Fks rFkk dkykUrj esavaxzsth esavuwfnr fd;s x;s FksAvk;kfRedrk ls vksrizksr ;s xhr ekuo lapsruk dks fdlh ijks{kkuqHkwfrls tksM+rs gSatks loZO;kih ,oaloZ'kfDreku gSA

dkO;] ukV~;] dFkkfn fo/kvksaesaiq"dy lkfgR;l`f"V djus okysjohUnz ckcw,d egku~ fp=kdkj Hkh FksA 'kkfUr fuosQru dh LFkkiuk djmUgksaus Hkkjrh; xq#oqQy&ijEijk dks f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esaiqu% izfr"Bkfirfd;kAbZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr'kh"kZdxhr blh xhraktfy ls ladfyr gSA blesabZ'oj dks efUnjksaesagh ugha] [ksrksa&[kfygkuksarFkk nfjnzksaesaHkh O;kIrcrk;k x;k gSA oLrqr% ;g tuoknh xhr gSA

lR;'kks/ue~%& jk"Vfirk egkRek xk/h dk (+1869&1948) ys[kuosQ {ks=k esavn~Hkqr ;ksxnku jgk gSA mUgksaus viuh vkRedFkk loZizFkeviuh ekrHkk"kk xqtjkrh esafy[kh rFkk ia- Jhfuokl 'kkL=kh osQ lg;ksxls Lo;eso mldk la'kks/u Hkh fd;kA dkykUrj esafo'o dh vusdHkk"kkvksaesamldk :IkkUrj gqvkA laLr esa^lR;'kks/ue~* 'kh"kZd lsmldk :ikUrj if.Mr gkslosQjs ukxIik 'kkL=kh us fd;kA

xk/hth dk ,d fof'k"V laLej.k mlh vkRedFkk ls ladfyr gSftlesa mUgksaus Jo.k dh fir`HkfDr ,oa gfj'pUnz dh lR;fu"Bk lsizHkkfor gksus dh ckr Lohdkj dh gSA

iqLrd osQ vkjEHk esanh xbZbl Hkwfedk }kjk Nk=kksadks laLr

lkfgR; dh fofHkUu fo/kvksaosQ fodkl osQ laf{kIr bfrgkl dk ifjp;djok;k x;k gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk fu/kZfjr ikBksaosQ ewyxzUFk ,oamulslacfU/r lkfgR;dkjksadk ifjp;kRed Kku Hkh blesalekfo"V gSA ikBosQ vkjEHk esaikB&lanHkZfn;k x;k gS ftlls ladfyr va'k dk izlaxljyrk ls Nk=kksadks cks/xE; gks losQA d{kk esa Nk=kksadks lh[kus osQ


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vf/d volj iznku djus osQ fy, ikBksaosQ var esas fofo/ vH;kliz'u Hkh fn, x, gSaA iqLrd esavk, NUnksarFkk vyadkjksadk ifjp; Hkhifjf'k"V 1 rFkk 2 esafn;k x;k gSA

izLrqr ladyu dh ikaMqfyfi dks rS;kj djus osQ fy, le;ij vk;ksftr dk;Zxksf"B;ksaesaHkkx ysus okys ftu fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa,oalaLr v;kidksadk ekxZn'kZu rFkk lg;ksx lqyHk gqvk gS] laiknd mulHkh fo}kuksaosQ izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA ;|fi bl ladyudks ;FkklaHko Nk=kksi;ksxh ,oaLrj osQ vuq:i cukus dk iz;kl fd;kx;k gS rFkkfi bls Nk=kksaosQ fy, vkSj vf/d mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy,vuqHkoh laLr v;kidksaosQ cgqewY; lq>koksadk ge lnSo LOkkxrdjsaxsA

f'k{kdksals fuosnu

f'k{k.kdk;Zesa f'k{k.k lkexzh osQ lkFk f'k{k.kfof/ Hkh egRoiw.kZgSAvr% f'k{kd&cU/qvksals fuosnu gS fd izLrqr ikB~;iqLrd osQ ikBksadkf'k{k.k djrs le; fuEufyf[kr f'k{k.kfcUnqvksadks ;ku esaj[ksa] rkfdf'k{k.k #fpdj ,oaizHkkoksRiknd gks losQA

1- osneU=kksaosQ v;kiu esaeU=kksadk lLoj okpu vko';d gSAoSfnd eU=kksaesatks 'kCn ykSfdd Hkk"kk ls iFko~Q izrhr gksa] mudhjpuk osQ fo"k; esaNk=kksadks fo'ks"k :i ls voxr djk;sa rFkkeU=kksadk in&ikB Hkh Li"V djsaA eU=kksa dk vFkZdjrs le; vfHk/kFkZdh vis{kk fuoZpu izf;k ls izkIr vFkZfo'ks"k dks le>k,AoSfnd Hkk"kk esamilxZ/krq,oainksals i`Fkd~ Hkh fy[ks tkrs gSaAvr% eU=kksadk vFkZKku djkrs gq, bldk fo'ks"k ;ku j[kk tk;A

2- ^rqfp=k.ke~* ikB dk v;kiu djrs le; vkfndkO; jkek;.kdk ifjp; Nk=kksadks vo'; djk;saA ikBxr vuq"Vqi~mitkfr vkfnNUnksadk Kku o lLoj okpu Hkh djk;saA bl ikB osQ vH;kl esarqlagkj ls i| fn;s x;s gSa] mudk Hkh Hkko le>kdj lLoj ikB


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djk;saA rqvksaij vU; Hkk"kkvksaesa feyus okyh dforkvksaosQmnkgj.k Hkh blosQ v;kiu esafn;s tk ldrs gSaA

3- egkHkkjr ,d mithO; dkO; gS] ftlosQ fo"k; esadgk x;k gS]^;fngkfLrrnU;=k;UusgkfLrurr~Dofpr~A* Nk=kk s a dk s egkHkkjrdk fof'k"V ifjp; nsrs gq, egf"kZosnO;kl osQ O;fDrRo ,oafrRo ls Nk=kksadks voxr djk;saA ^ekuks fg egrka/ue~*ikB

osQ ek;e ls Nk=kksadks uSfrd ewY;ksaosQ izfr tkx:d djsaA4- ckSlkfgR; osQ vUrxZr tkrdxzUFkekyk dk fof'k"V LFkku gSAvr% tkrd xzUFkksadk ifjp; nsrs gq, izLrqr dFkk ijksidkjk;

lrkafoHkwr;%* osQ ek;e ls lR;] ri vkSj vfgalk vkfn uSfrdxq.kksaosQ izfr Nk=kksaesa#fp mRiUu djsaAdFkk f'k{k.k dh fof/ dk mi;ksx djrs gq, x| dk vkn'kZokpu,oe~vuqdj.k okpu dk Hkh Nk=kksadks vH;kl djk;saA

5- ^lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk*ikB osQ ek;e ls :id osQ ,d izdkj dkNk=kksa dks ifjp; nsarFkk Nk=kksaesa vfHku; dyk osQ izfr vfHk#fp

mRiUu djsa,oavfHku; dk vH;kl djk;saA ePNdfVd izdj.kdh dgkuh jkspd cuk dj cPpksadks crk;saA izdj.k dk uk;dkhjyfyr gksrk gSA vr% mlosQ pkfjf=kd xq.kksals Nk=kksadks voxrdjk;saA

6- pjd ikf.kfu ls iwoZorhZ ys[kd gSaA vr% 'kCnksa dk osQoyO;qRifkijd vFkZ u ysdj Hkkoiz/ku vFkZdks izkFkfedrk nsaAizLrqr ikB^vkgkjxq.kk%* osQ ek;e ls vkgkj dh xq.kokk ,oaLokLF;o/Zd Hkkstuizf;k Nk=kksa dks viukus ij cy nsaA

7- ^lUrfrizcks/ue~* ikB dk v;kiu djrs le; egku~ nk'kZfud,oajk"VHkDr egf"kZvjfoUn osQ thoun'kZu ls Nk=kksa dk ifjp;djk;saA Nk=kksaesajk"VHkfDr dh Hkkouk dks tkxzr djsaA

8- fo|kifreSfFkyh Hkk"kk osQ izfl dfo gSaA budh laLr esaHkhvusd jpuk,gSaA vr% izLrqr n;kohjdFkk* osQ f'k{k.k osQ le;


35/123

xxxv

Nk=kksa dks jpuk dh ,sfrgkfldrk ,oa x|kRedrk ls voxrdjk;saA vykmhu f[kyth vkSj gEehj osQ fo"k; esa;g dFkk fdurF;ksals ifjfpr djkrh gS&bl ij fopkj djrs gq, Nk=kksa dksbfrgkl cks/ dh n`f"V ls lkfgR; osQ v;;u dh fn'kk esaizsfjrdjsaA

9- foKku ojnku osQ lkFk vfHk'kki Hkh gSA izLrqr dfork foKkuukSdk*

osQ ek;e ls Nk=kksadks Kku vkSj foKku osQ foosd ls ifjfprdjk;saA

10- xq .k xq.kKksa osQ }kjk gh tkus tkrs gSaA vk/qfud izfl dfovfHkjkt izks- jktsUnz feJ us^dUFkkekf.kD;e~*,dkadh esan'kkZ;kgS fd xq.kh dghaHkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA izLrqr ikB osQ ek;els laLr esajps tk jgs u;s lkfgR; ls Nk=kksadks voxr djk;safd laLr vkt Hkh thoUr Hkk"kk gSA

11- vU;kU; Hkk"kkvksals Hkh vuwfnr laLr jpuk,vktdy izpqj :iesamiyCk gSaA dohUnz johUnzukFk VSxksj dh fo[;kr jpuk xhrktfydk vuqokn mDr rF; dks izekf.kr djrk gSA izLrqr jpuk^bZ'k%oqQ=kkfLr*dk f'k{k.k djrs le; Nk=kksadks Je'khyrk osQ izfrtkx:d djsaA izLrqr xhfrdk osQ xk;u dk d{kk esa vH;kldjk;saA johUnzukFk dh laLr esavuwfnr vU; jpukvksadks i


36/123

fo"k;kuqef.kdki"Bkk%

iqjksoko~Q iii

Hkwfedkvii

izFke% ikB% osnke`re~ 1

f}rh;% ikB% rqfp=k.ke~ 6

r`rh;% ikB% ijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;% 13

prqFkZ% ikB% ekuks fg egrka /ue~ 20

ipe% ikB% lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 25

"k"B% ikB% vkgkjfopkj% 31

lIre% ikB% lUrfrizcks/ue~ 36v"Ve% ikB% n;kohj&dFkk 43

uoe% ikB% foKkuukSdk 50

n'ke% ikB% dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 56

,dkn'k% ikB% bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr 68

}kn'k% ikB% xkfU/u% laLej.ke~ 73

ifjf'k"V

1- NUn 782- vykj 823- vuq'kaflr xzUFk 86


37/123

izFke% ikB%

osnke`re~

Hkkjrh; oSfnd ok~e; laiw.kZfo'o dk izkphure ok~e; gksus osQ lkFk

euq"; dh var'psruk ls iwQVh mnkk dfork dk Hkh izFke fun'kZu gSAoSfnd dkO; esafo'o'kkfUr] fo'ocU/qRo] yksdrkfU=kd ewY;] fuHkZ;rkrFkk jk"Vizse dk lUns'k Hkjk iM+k gS tks vkt osQ okrkoj.k esaigys lsHkh vf/d izklafxd izrhr gksrk gSA

izLrqr ikB esaoSfnd dkO; dk ve`rrRo Xosn] ;tqoZsn rFkkvFkoZosn ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA bu dforkvksaesavR;Ur mnkRr ,oavuqdj.kh; vkn'kZfo|eku gSA

l~xPNoalaonoalaoks eukafl tkurke~Ansok Hkkxa;Fkk iwoZs ltkukuk miklrsAA1AA (- 10&191&2)

lekuh o vkowQfr% lekuk n;kfu o%A

lekueLrqoks euks ;Fkk o% lqlgklfrAA2AA (- 10&191&4)

e/qokrk rk;rs e/q{kjfUr flU/o%A

ekohuZ% lURoks"k/h%AA3AA (- 1&90&7)

;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnSfr nSoa

rnqlqIrL; rFkSoSfrA

nwj~xeT;ksfr"kkaT;ksfrjsoaQ

rUes eu% f'kol~dYieLrqAA4AA (;tq- 34-1)


38/123

2 'kk'orh

rPp{kqnZsofgraiqjLrkPNqeqPpjr~

i';se 'kjn% 'krathose 'kjn% 'kre~A

k`.kq;ke 'kjn% 'kraizczoke 'kjn% 'kre~

vnhuk% L;ke 'kjn% 'kra Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~AA5AA(;tq- 36&24)

tuafcHkzrh cgq/k fookple~

ukuk/ekZ.kaifFkoh ;FkkSdle~Alga/kjk nzfo.kL; es nqgka

/zqoso /suqjuqiLiQqjUrhAA6AA (vFkoZosn% i`fFkohlwDre~ 12-1-45)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

l~xPNoe~ & l~xrk% laHkwrk% Hkor (le~iwoZd xe~/krqvkReusinyksV~ydkj e-iq-] cgq-o-)] lkFk pysaA

laonoe~ & ijLija fojks/a ifjR;T; ,dfo/eso okD;a czwr bfr]

ijLij fojks/ NksM+dj leku Loj ls ,d leku cksysaAo% (;q"ekde~) & rqEgkjkAeukafl & euAlatkurke~ & lekuesd:iesokFkZe~ voxPNUrq] leku :i ls vFkZ

cks/ djsaAiwoZs nsok% & iqjkruk% nsok%] iwoZdky osQ nsox.kAltkukuk% & ,sdeR;a izkIrk%] ,der gksdjAHkkxe~miklrs & gfo osQ Hkkx dks Lohdkj djrs gSaAvkowQfr% & ladYi%] v;olk;%] ladYiAlekuk & lekukfu] ,dfo/kfu] lekuA

lqlg & 'kksHkualkfgR;e~] laxfrAvlfr & Hkorq (rqEgkjh lqUnj laxfr gks tk,)Ae/q & ek/q ;kZsisre~] ek/q;Zls HkjhArk;rs & ra (;Ka) vkReu% bPNrs ;tekuk;] vius fy, ;K

dh dkeuk djus okys ;teku osQ fy,A


39/123

osnke`re~ 3

flU/o% & u|%] leq nzk% ok] ufn;k vFkok leqnzAvks"k/h% & iQyikdkUrk vk s"k/;%] iQy osQ idus ij tks ikS/s

u"V gks tkrs gSa] mUgsavks"kf/ dgrs gSaAtkxzr% & tkxrs gq , osQAnwje~mnSfr & nwj Hkkx tkrk gSArnq nSoe~ (eu%) & rn~ fnO;Kku;qDra eu%] ogh fnO; foKku ;qDr euAT;ksfr"kke~ & bfUnz;k.kke~] fo"k;ksa dk izdk'ku djus okyh bfUnz;ksaesaAnwja xee~ & lokZ f/d nwj rd igqpus okyh] ,dek=k izdk'kdAf'koladYie~ & f'kok% la dYik% ;L; rr~] eaxye;] dY;k.kdkjh

fopkjokykAnsofgre~ & nsoS% LFkkfire~] nsorkvksa}kjk LFkkfirA'kqe~ & fnO;] pedhykAp{kq% & us=k] lw;ZAiqjLrkr~ & iwoZfn'kk;ke~] iwoZfn'kk esaale{kAmPpjr~ & mfnr% tkr%] mn; gqvk gSA'kjn% & o"kZ A'kre~ & lkS (thfor jgsa)Avnhuk% & u nhuk%] nSU;kr~ jfgrk%] nhurk ls jfgrA

Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~ & iqu% iq u% 'krkr~'kjn% ,oeso Hkosr~] ckj&ckj lkS o"kkZsals Hkh vf/d ;gh fLFkfr cuh jgsA

fcHkzrh & /kj.k djrh gqbZAfookple~ & fofHkUu Hkk"kk okysA;FkkSdle~ & /kj.k djus okys ?kj osQ lekuAnqgke~ & nqgkos] cgk nsA

vuqiLiqQjUrh & dEiu jfgrA

vH;kl%

1- la LrHkk"k;k mkjr(d) l~xPNoe~bfr eU=k% dLekr~osnkr~ladfyr%\([k) vLekde~vkowQfr% dhn'kh L;kr~\(x) v=k eU=ks ^;tekuk;* bfr 'kCnL; LFkkus d% 'kCn% iz;qDr%\(?k) vLeH;e~ bfr dL; 'kCnL; vFkZ%\


40/123

4 'kk'orh

() T;ksfr"kkaT;ksfr% d% dF;rs\(p) Ekkoh% dk% lUrq\(N) ifFkohlwDre~ dfLeu~osns fo|rs\

2- v/ksfyf[krf;kinS% lg drZinkfu ;kst;r

(d) ----------------------------- ltkukuk% miklrsA

([k) ----------------------------- e/q{kjfUrA

(x) es-----------------------------

f'koladYie~vLrqA(?k) ----------------------------- 'kra'kjn% k.kq;keA

3- 'kq afoykseina ;kst;r

tkxzr% o%u% vnhuk%nhuk% lqIrL;

4- v/ksfyf[krinkuke~vk'k;a fgUnh&Hkk"k;k Li"VhoqQ#r

miklrs] flU/o%] lfor%] tkxzr%] i';seA

5-(d) osns izdfYirL; lektL; vkn'kZaLo:ie~ipokD;s"kqfp=k;rA([k) eul% d oSf'k"V~;e~\

6- i';se] k.kq;ke] izczoke] bfr f;kinkfu osQu bfUnz;s.k lEckfu

7- v/ksfyf[kroSfndf;kinkukaLFkkus ykSfddf;kinkfu fy[kr

vlfr] mPpjr~] nqgke~A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

Xosn% ewyr% Kkudk.MadF;rs r=k eq[;r% nsorkijdeU=kk% lfUr&;Fkk vfXu%]bUnz%] #nz%] lforkizHk`r;%A dfri;kfu lwDrkfu nk'kZfudkfu lfUr ;Fkk uklnh;lwDre~]KkulwDre~] fgj.;xHkZkfnlwDre~ dfri;kfu lkekftdlwDrkfu vfi lfUr ;s"kqkukUunkulwDre~v{klwDre~laxBulwDrkn;%A XosnL; lkEeuL;lwDrL; iYyoue~mkjofrZ"kqmifu"knkfn'kkL=ks"ofi miyH;rsA ;Fkk& lg ukoorq lg ukS HkquDrqlgoh;djokogSArstfLo ukokhreLrq ek fof}"kkogSAA rSfkjh; mi


41/123

osnke`re~ 5

^^lPNoe~**------------------- rFkk^^lekuh**------------------- bR;kfneU=kk.kka Hkko%xhfr:is fgUn~;ke~ vfi izkI;rsA ;Fkk&

(1) izse ls feydj pyks cksyks lHkh Kkuh cuksAiwoZtksadh Hkkfr rqe dkZO; osQ ekuh cuksAA

(2) gksafopkj leku lcosQ fp=k eu lc ,d gksaAKku nsrk gwcjkcj HkksX; ik lc usd gksaAA

izrkS ekkq;ZL; izkFkZuk ,oa ikfjokfjdekqjrk;k% vpZuL; vk/kj%A vr% vFkoZosns,rkn';% izkFkZuk% miyH;UrsA

vuqozr% firk iq=kks ek=kk Hkorq lEeuk%Atk;k iR;s ekqerhaokpaonrq'kkfUr oke~AA (vFkoZ- 3-3-2)ekqekUuks ouLifreZkqekvLrqlw;Z%ekohxkZoks HkoUrq u%A (Xosn% 1-10-08)

;tqoZsn% eq[;r% deZdk.ML; osn% vfLr] ije~ vfLeu~ vfi thoufo"k;dk% eU=kk%miyC/k% lfUrA eul% fuxzg.kkFkZa;tqoZsns vusosQ eU=kk% lfUrA ;Fkk&

;RizKkueqr psrks k`fr'p ;T;ksfrjUrjeraiztklqA;LekUu rs fdpu deZ f;rs rUes eu% f'kol~dYieLrqAA

(;tq- 34@3);|fi XosnL;So eU=kk% lkeosns lfUr rFkkfi lkeosneU=ks"kq xs;rk fo|rsA

vFkoZosn% foKkudk.MaeU;rsA vfLeu~osns fofo/k% eU=kk% lfUrA ;Fkk vk;qosZnfo"k;dk%]HkkSfrdfoKkufo"k;dk%] vFkZ'kkL=kfo"k;dk% O;ogkj'kkL=kfo"k;dk% rFkk p ijajk"Vh;Hkkouk;k% n


42/123

f}rh;% ikB%

rqfp=k.ke~

izLrqr ikB vkfndfo egf"kZokYehfdrjkek;.kosQfdf"oQU/k]

vj.;rFkklqUnj dk.Mksals ladfyr gSA jkek;.k laLr lkfgR; dkvkfn egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bl xzUFk dk lkaLfrd ego cgqrvf/d gSA blesaegf"kZokYehfd us thou osQ vkn'kZHkwr vkSj 'kk'orewY;ksadk funZs'k fd;k gSA blesajktk] iztk] iq=k] ekrk] iRuh] ifr]lsod vkfn osQ ikjLifjd lacU/ksadk ,d vkn'kZLo:i izLrqr fd;kx;k gSA bl egkdkO; esaokYehfd dk izfr&fp=k.k vR;Ur euksje,oan;kd"kZd gSA

bl ikB esa1&3 'yksdksaesaolUr rqdk] 4&6 'yksdksaesao"kkZrqdk] 7osa,oa8osa 'yksd esa 'kjn~rqdk] uoe esagseUr rFkk n'ke

esaf'kf'kj rqdk vkSj ,dkn'k esapUnzksn; dk fo'kn ,oaeuksgkjho.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

lq[kkfuyks;alkSfe=ks! dky% izpqjeUeFk%AxU/oku~lqjfHkekZlks tkriq"iiQynzqe%AA1AA

iq"iHkkjle`kfu f'k[kjkf.k leUrr%AyrkfHk% iqf"irkxzkfHk#ixw


43/123

rqfp=k.ke~ 7

ogfUr o"kZfUr unfUr HkkfUr ;k;fUr uR;fUr lekolfUrAu|ks ?kuk ekxtk oukUrk% fiz;kfoghuk% f'kf[ku% Iyo~xk%AA6AA

(ok-jk-fdf"dU/k- 28-17] 22] 26)

tyaizlaoqQlqeizgklakSpLoua'kkfyouafoiDoe~Aenq'p ok;qfoZey'p pUnz% 'kalfUr o"kZO;iuhrdkye~AA7AA

yksdalqo"Vk ifjrks"kf;Rok unhLrVkdkfu p iwjf;RokA

fu"i'kL;kaolq/kap Rok R;DRok uHkLrks;/jk% iz;krk%AA8AA(ok-jk-fdf"dU/k- 30] 53] 57)

jfol~kUrlkSHkkX;Lrq"kkjk#.ke.My%Afu%oklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA9AA


44/123

8 'kk'orh

ok"ilNlfyyk #rfoKs;lkjlk%AfgeknzZckyqdkLrhjS% lfjrks HkkfUr lkEizre~AA10AA

(ok-jk- vj.; 16] 9] 13] 24)

galks ;Fkk jktritjLFk%flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%Aohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQtjLFk&'pUnzksfi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA11AA

(ok-jk-lqUnj 5] 4)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

jfolakUrlkSHkkX;% & jfo.kk lw;Zs.k lakUra oLralkSHkkX;aizdk'k% ;L; l%]lw;Z osQ }kjk ftldk izdk'k efyu dj fn;k x;k gSA

rq"kkjk#.ke.My% & rq"kkjs.k fgesu v#.ka v#.ko.k e.Mya ;L; l%]rq"kkj osQ leku ftldk e.My v#.k o.kZdj fn;kx;k gSA

fu%'oklkU/% & 'okl ls efyu fd;k x;kA

vkn'kZ% & niZ .kAlq[kkfuy% & vkuUn nsus okyh gokAeUeFk% & dkensoAxU/oku~ & lqxU/ nsus okyh (xU/~ $ erqi~iz-] ,-o-)AlqjfHkekZl% & olUr rqAleUrr% & pkjksavksj lsAiqf"irkxzkfHk#ixw


45/123

rqfp=k.ke~ 9

unUr% & xjtrs gq, (un~ $ 'kr` $ iz-c-o-)Alek'olfUr & izl gksrs gSa(le~ $ vk $ 'ol~ $ yV~ $ iz-c-o-)AoukUrk% & ou izns'k osQ ,d Hkkx esaAf'kf[ku% & eksjAIyo~xk% & esa


46/123

10 'kk'orh

(?k) rks;/jk% ------------------------ iz;krk%A

() fu%'oklkU/ vkn'kZ bo------------------------ u izdk'krsA

3- v/ksfyf[krkuk alizla O;k[;k dk;kZ

(d) ek#r% oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! hMfo leUrr%A([k) fu%'oklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA

4- izfra izR;;ap ;kstf;Rok injpuka oqQ#r

$DRok (Rok)] hM~$'kr] xU/$erqi~] le~$fu$#/~$DrA

5- izfrizR;;foHkkx% f;rke~

R;DRok] foJE;] leqn~ogUr%] ireku%] fgeoku~A

6- v/ksfyf[krku~'kCnku~vkfJR; okD;jpukaoqQ#r

hMu~] xU/oku~] foJE;] iwjf;Rok] uHk%] unUr%] R;DRok] lkEizre~] f'kf[ku%]iz;kfrA

7- lfU/a @lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r

(d) lq [k $ vfuy% $ v;e~ -----------------------------------------

([k) izdh.kkZEcq/je~ ------------------ $ ------------------

(x) hMu~ $ bo -----------------------------------------

(?k) pUnzksfi ------------------ $ ------------------

() fu%'okl $ vU/% -----------------------------------------

8- v/ksfyf[krkuk adrZf;kinkukaleqfpra esyuaoqQ#r

(d) Iyok% & unfUr([k) oukUrk% & lek'olfUr (x) f'kf[ku% & HkkfUr

(?k) u|% & ;k;fUr () ekxtk% & o"kZfUr (p) fiz;kfoghuk% & uR;fUr(N) ?kuk% & ogfUr


47/123

rqfp=k.ke~ 11

9- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd;ks% vUo;aizn'kZ;r

(d) leqn~ogUr% lfyykfrHkkja---------------- iz;kfUrA

([k) ga lks ;Fkk---------------- rFkkEcjLFk%A

10- v/ksfyf[krs"kq'yksosQ"kq iz;qDrkykjk.kka funZs'ka oqQ#r

(d) ifrrS% irekuS'p---------------- hMfo leUrr%A

([k) ogfUr o"kZfUr---------------- Iyok%A

(x) jfol~kUrlkSHkkX;%----------------

pUnzek u izdk'krsA11- v/ksfyf[kr'yksosQ"kqNUnks funZs'k% dk;Z%

(d) DofpRizdk'ke~---------------- 'kkUregk.kZoL;A

([k) galk s ;Fkk---------------- rFkkEcjLFk%A

(x) jfol~kUrlkSHkkX;% ---------------- u izdk'krsA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

(d) HkkofoLrkj%

egkdfouk dkfynklsu rqlagkjfefr dkO;s "k..kke~ rwukaes.k o.kZuafofgre~A ;Fkk &

xzh"e%izp.Mlw;Z% Lig.kh;pUnzek% lnkoxkg{krokfjlp;%AfnukUrjE;ksH;qi'kkUreUeFkks funk?kdkyks;eqikxr% fiz;sAA

o"kkZllhdjkEHkks/jekoqQtjLrfMRirkdks'kfu'kCnenZy%Alekxrks jktonqr|qfr?kZukxe% dkfetufiz;% fiz;sAA

'kjr~dk'kka'kqdk fodpieuksKoD=kklksUekngaljouwiqjuknjE;kAvkiDo'kkfy#fpjkurxk=k;f"V%izkIrk 'kjoo/wfjo :ijE;kA


48/123

12 'kk'orh

gseUr%uoizokyksn~xelL;jE;% iziqQYyyks/z% ifjiDo'kkfy%Afoyhui% izirkq"kkjks gseUrdky% leqikxrks;e~AA

f'kf'kj%u pUnua pUnzejhfp'khrye~u gE;Zi"Ba'kjfnUnqfueZye~Au ok;o% lkUnzrq"kkj'khryk

tuL; fpka je;fUr lkEizre~AAolUr%

nzqek% liq"ik% lfyyaliafL=k;% ldkek% iou% lqxfU/%Alq[kk% iznks"kk fnolk'p jE;k%loZafiz;s pk#rjaolUrsAA

([k) Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%

v/ksfyf[krkuka'kCnkuka:ikf.k lk/uh;kfu

f'k[kh & f'kf[ku~ $ izFkek ,dopu (f'kf[kukS] f'kf[ku%)

djh & dfju~$ izFkek ,dopuxq.kh & xqf.ku~ $ izFkek ,dopu

cyh & cfyu~$ izFkek ,dopu


49/123

r`rh;% ikB%

ijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;%

laLr lkfgR; esatkrd dFkkvksadk viuk fo'ks"k ego gSA ;s dFkk,

ewyr% ikfy esa gSaftudh la[;k 547 gSA cksf/lo osQ deZfnO; vkSjvn~Hkqr gSaA mudk thou vykSfdd vkSj vkn'kZgSA blh ls izsj.kk ysdjvk;Z'kwj ustkrdekykxzUFk dh jpuk dhA ;g xzUFk x|&i| fefJrlaLr esa gSA izLrqr ikB blh xzUFk osQ iUnzgosatkrd^eRL;tkrde~*dk la{ksi gSA

blesacrk;k x;k gS fd lR;&rikscy osQ vk/kj ij fdl izdkjeRL;kf/ifr osQ :i esacksf/lo vius lkFkh eRL;ksadh izk.k j{kk djusesaleFkZgksrs gSaA oLrqr% loxq.k ls ifjiw.kZvkpj.k nsorkvksadks Hkho'k esadj ldrk gSA

ck sf/lo% fdy dfLeaf'pr~ ukfregfr deyoq Qoy;kfn&foHkwf"krlfyys galpokdkfn'kksfHkrs rhjkUrr#oqQlqekodh.kZs ljfleRL;kf/ifr% cHkwoA cgq"kqtUekUrjs"kqijksidkjkH;klo'kkr~r=kLFk%vfi ijfgrlq[klk/us O;ki`r% vHkor~A b"Vkukfeo p Los"kke~viR;kuke~ mifj lkSgknZRokn~ egklo% rs"kka ehukuka nkufiz;&opukfneS% ijeuqxzgapdkjA

vFk dnkfpr~lokukaHkkX;oSdY;kr~izeknkPp lE;x~nsoksu oo"kZA o`"Vs% vHkkos rr~ lj% dnEcoqQlqexkSjs.k uolfyysu

;FkkiwoZa u ifjiw.kZe~ tkre~A es.k p mixrs funk?kdkysfnudjfdj.k S% vfHkrIr;k /j.;k] Tokyku qxrsuso ek#rsufiiklko'kkfno izR;ge~vkih;ekuarr~lj% y?kqiYoyfeokHkor~Ar= kfL Fkrk % ehuk'p tykH kko kr ~ e`ri zk;k % bo latkrk %Alfyyrhjokflu% if{k.k% ok;lx.kk% p ;kor~rku~eRL;ku~Hk{kf;rqa


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14 'kk'orh

fpUr;fUr Le rkon~ fo"kknnSU;o'kxaehuoqQyeos{; cksf/lo%d#.kk;eku% fpUrkekisnsA d"Vk cr b;e~vkin~vkifrrk ehukuke~A

izR;ga{kh;rs rks;aLi/Zekufeok;q"kkAv|kfi p fpjs.kSo y{;rs tynkxe%AAvi;kueks ukfLr usrkI;U;=k dks Hkosr~AvLen~O;lul~"Vk% lek;kfUr p uks f}"k%AA

rfRde=k izkIrdkya L;kfnfr foe'ku~ l egkRek Lodh;&lR;rikscyeso rs"kkaj{k.kksik;e~veU;rA d#.k;k lekihMekun;ksnh?kfu%oL; uHk% leqYyksd;u~mokp &

Lejkfe u izkf.ko/a;FkkgalfpUR; PNs ijesfi drqZe~Avusu lR;su ljkafl rks;Sjkiwj;u~ o"kZrqnsojkt%AA


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ijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;% 15

vFk rL; egkReu% iq.;ksip;kr~lR;kf/"Bkucykr~p leUrr%rk s;ifji w.kk Z% xEHkhje/ qjfu?kkZ s" kk vdkyk vfi dkyes? kk%fo|qYyrky~rk% izknqjHkou~A cksf/lo% leUrrksfHkizlrS%

lfyyizokgSjkiw;Zek.ks ljfl] /kjkfuikrledkysu fonzqrok;lk|sif{kx.ks] yC/thfork'ks p izeqfnrs ehux.ks izhR;kfHklk;Zek.kn;kso"kZfuo`fklk'k~d% iqu% iqu% itZU;ekcHkk"ks &

mn~xtZ itZU; xHkhj/hjaizeksneq}kl; ok;lkuke~AjRuk;ekukfu i;kafl o"kZu~lalkQfo|qTTofyr|qrhfuAA

rnqiJqR; nsokuke~bUnz% 'k% ijefofLereuk% lk{kkr~vfHkxE;Sue~vfHklajk/;u~mokp&

roSo [kYos"k egkuqHkko ! eRL;sUnz ! lR;kfr'k;izHkko%A

vkoftZrk ;Rdy'kk boses {kjfUr jE;Lrfurk% i;ksnk%AAbR;soafiz;opuS% lajk; r=kSokUrnZ/sA rPp lj% rks;le`feokiArnsoa'khyorke~bg ,o dY;k.kk% vfHkizk;k% ofe~vkIuqofUrizkxso ij=k pA vr% 'khyfo'kqkS iz;frrO;e~A


52/123

16 'kk'orh

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

oqQoy;e~ & uhydeye~] uhyk deyApokdkfn'kksfHkrs & pokd (pdok) vkfn i{kh x.kksals lq'kksfHkrAr=kLFk% vfi & ogk] ml tUe esa fLFkr gksrs gq, HkhAHkkX;oSdY;kr~ & HkkX;L; oSdY;e~ rLekr~] HkkX; osQ vuqowQy u

gksus ijAvkih;ekue~ & vk leUrkr~ ih;ekue~ ik deZokP;] 'kkup~]

pkjksavksj ls ih;k tkrk gqvkAy?kqiYoyfeo & NksVs rkykc osQ lekuAfo"kknnSU;o'kxe~ & fo"kkn% p nSU;a p fo"kknnSU;s] r;ks% o'ak xre~]

fo"kkn vkSj nSU; osQ o'khHkwrAvos{; & vo $ bZ {k~$ DRok>Y;i~] ns[kdjAvkisns & izkIr gqvkAcr & 'kksd dks O;Dr djus okyk vO;; in] gk;!Li/Zekue~ & Li/k oqQokZ.ke~(Li/~Z$ 'kkup~)] Li/kZdjrk

gqvkAtynkxe% & tya nnkfr bfr tyn% rs"kke~vkxe%] cknyksa

dk vkxeuAfpjs.k & nwj gh (nsj ls)vi;kue% & vi;kuL; e% nw jxeuL; ekxZ%] ckgj tkus

dk jkLrkAf}"k% & 'k=ko%] 'k=kq x.kAizkIrdkye~ & izkIr% dky% ;L; rr~] le;ksfprAfoe'ku~ & fo e'k~] 'kr iqa] iz- ,-o-] fopkj djrs gq,AuHk% & vkdk'ke~] vkdk'k dksAvkiwj;u~ & vk i&f.kp~] 'kr] iq- iz- ,-o-] iwjrs gq,]

Hkjrs gq,AlR;kf/"Bkucykr~ & lR; ij n


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o"kZfuofklk'k~d% & o"kkZ.kka fuo`fke~ vf/R; vk'k~d;k lgfo|eku%] o"kkZ dh lekfIr dh vk'kadk okykA

itZU;e~ & es?ke~] ckny dksAlalkQfo|qTTofyr|qrhfu & lalDrk;k% fo|qr% Tofyrsu |qfr% ;s"kkarkfu]

yxkrkj pedrh gqbZ fctyh osQ izdk'k ls;qkQA

jRuk;ekukfu i;kafl & jRuksa osQ leku fn[kkbZ iM+us okys tyAm}kl; & mn~ ol~f.kp~ yksV~ e;e iq-] ,-o-] lekIr

dhft,AmiJqR; & mi Jq $ DRok>Y;i~] lqudjAvfHklajk/;u~ & vfHk le~ jk/~ 'kr iq a-] ,-o-] Lrqfr djrs gq,AlR;kfr'k;izHkko% & lR;L; vfr'k;% rL; izHkko%] lR; dk

vykSfdd izHkkoAvkoftZrk% dy'kk bo & iyVk;s x;s ?kM+ksaosQ lekuAvUrnZ/s & vUr% /k] fyV~] iz- iq-] ,-o-] vUr/kZu

gks x;kAvfHkizk;k% & euksjFkA

bg& vfLeu~ yksosQ] bl yksd esaA

ij=k & ijyksosQ] ijyksd esaA

vH;kl%

1- la LrHkk"k;k mkjr

(d) tkrdekyk;k% ys[kd% d%\([k) dFkk;kaof.kZrs tUefu cksf/lo% d% cHkwo\(x) egklo% ehukuka oSQ% ijeuqxzge~ vdjksr~\(?k) lj% y?kqiYoyfeo dFkeHkor~\

() cksf/lo% fdeFkfpUrkedjksr~\(p) rks;aizfrfnua osQu Li/Zekua{kh;rs Le\(N) vkdk'ks vdkyk vfi osQ izknqjHkou~\(t) d;k vk'k~d;k cksf/lo% iqu% iqu% itZU;a izkfFkZroku~\(>) 'k% osQ"kka jktk vklhr~\(k) vLekfHk% oqQ=k iz;frrO;e~\


54/123

18 'kk'orh

2- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(d) cksf/lo% ijfgrlq[klk/us-------------------------- vHkor~A

([k) r=kfLFkrk% ehuk% tykHkkokr~-------------------------- bo latkrk%A

(x) fo"kknnSU;o'kxaehuoqQyeos{; cksf/lo% -------------------------- vkisnsA

(?k) l egkRek Lodh;lR;rikscyeso rs"kka-------------------------- veU;rA

() rr~ -------------------------- rks;le`feokiA

3- lizl a O;k[;k dk;kZ(d) cgq"kq tUekUrjs"kqijksidkj&vH;klo'kkr~r=kLFk% vfi ijfgrlq[klk/us

O;kir% vHkor~A([k) vLen~O;lul~"Vk% lek;kfUr uks f}"k%A(x) 'khyorke~ bg ,o dY;k.kk% vfHkizk;k% ofe~ vkIuqofUrA

4- v/ksfyf[kr'kCnku~Y;cUrs"kq 'krizR;;kUrs"kq'kkup~izR;;kUrs"kqp foHkT;fy[kr

vkih;ekue~] vos{;] Li/Zekue~] lekihM~;ekue~] fu%'oL;] jRuk;ekukfu]vfHkxE;] lajk/;u~] foe'ku~] leqYyksd;u~A

5- fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";S% lg ;kst;r(d) ljfl b"Vkuke~ ([k) /j.;k dnEcoq QlqexkSjs.k(x) viR;kuke~ galpokdkfn'kksfHkrs(?k) uolfyysu vfHkrIr;k () if{k.k% Tokykuq xrsu(p) cksf/lo% r=kLFkk%(N) ehu% lfyyrhjokflu%(t) ek#rsu d#.kk;eku%

6- v/ksfyf[krinkfu laLrokD;s"kq iz;q~oe~

dfLeaf'pr~] HkkX;oSdY;kr~] vkih;ekue~] y{;rs] foe'ku~] vfHkxE;] iz;frrO;e~A

7- i;k Z;okpoaQ fpuqr

ehu%] i{kh] izR;ge~] vkin~] itZU;%A


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8- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"k qmiekukfu ;kst;r

(d) ---------------------- bo ehukuka ijeuqxzga pdkjA

([k) ---------------------- bo rks;a izR;ga {kh;rsA

(x) ---------------------- bo bes i;ksnk% {kjfUrA

(?k) ---------------------- bo uolfyysu lj% ifjiw.k u tkre~A

() lj% xzh"edkys---------------------- bo ltkre~A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

v/ksfyf[krkuka lwDrhuke~v;;uaRok izLrqrikBsu HkkolkE;e~ vokk

(1) ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukEHk%Lo;a u [kknfUr iQykfu o{kk%A/kjkkjks o"kZfr ukRegsrks%ijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;%A

(2) v"Vkn'kiqjk.ks"kqO;klL; opu};e~Aijksidkj% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~AA

(3) Jw;rka/eZloZLoa JqRok pSokokk;Zrke~AvkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kkau lekpjsr~AA

(4) Nk;keU;L; oqQoZfUr fr"BfUr Lo;ekrisAiQykU;fi ijkFkkZ; o{kk% lRiq#"kk boAA

(5) oZckgqfoZjkSE;s"k u p df'pPN.kksfr esAijksidkj% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~AA

(6) HkofUr uezkLrjo% iQyksn~xeS%uokEcqfHknwZjfoyfEcuks ?kuk%Avuqrk% lRiq#"kk% leffHk%LoHkko ,oS"k ijksidkfj.kke~AA

(7) iznkua izPNa xgeqixrs lEHkzefof/%]fiz;aRok ekSua lnfl dFkua pkI;qirs%AvuqRlsdks y{E;keufHkHkoxU/k% ijdFkk%

lrkaosQuksfn~n"Va fo"keefl/kjkozrfene~AA


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prqFkZ% ikB%

ekuks fg egrka/ue~

izLrqr ikB egf"kZ osnO;kl jfpregkHkkjrosQ m|ksx ioZ osQ

131] 134 v;k;ksa ls ladfyr gSA blesa{kk=k /eZosQ dkZO;ksadkmins'k nsrh gqbZoqQUrh osQ iqjkru bfrgkl dk mYys[k djrs gq, fonqjk}kjk flU/qjkt ls ;q esaijkLr vius iq=k dks] dk;jrk dk R;kx dj]vius LokfHkeku dks iqu% izkIr djus dk mins'k fn;k x;k gSA

bl ikB osQ 'yksdksaesaekuo osQ oqQy osQ mRFkku] vkRecy]ijksidkj dh efgek ,oamlosQ mR"V Lo:i dk o.kZu gSA

oqQUrh mokp &{kk=k/eZjrk /U;k fonqjk nh?kZnf'kZuhA

foJqrk jktlalRlqJqrokD;k cgqJqrkAA1AAfonqjk uke oS lR;k txgZs iq=kekSjle~AfuftZraflU/qjktsu 'k;kuanhupsrle~AvuUnue/eZKaf}"krkag"kZo/Zue~AA2AA

mfk"B gs dkiq#"kek 'ks"oSoaijkftr%Avfe=kkUn;UlokZ&

fekZuks cUkq'kksdn%AA3AA

mn~Hkko;Lo oh;okrkaok xPN /zqokaxfre~A/eiq=kkxzr% Rok

d fufeak fg thoflAA4AA


57/123

ekuks fg egrka/ue~ 21

oqQ# loaekua p fof ikS#"kekReu%Amn~Hkko; oqQyaeXuaRoRrs Lo;eso fgAA5AA

;L; okau tYifUr ekuok egnn~Hkqre~Ajkf'ko/Zuek=kal uSo L=kh u iqu% iqeku~AA6AA

; vkReu% fiz;lq[ks fgRok ex;rs fJ;e~AvekR;kukeFkks g"kZekn/kR;fpjs.k l%AA7AA

iq=k% mokp&d uqrs ekei';UR;k% ifFkO;k vfi loZFkkAfdekHkj.kR;ars d HkksxSthZforsu okAA8AA

ekrk mokp &;ekthofUr iq#"kaloZHkwrkfu lat;AiDoanzqefeoklk| rL; thforeFkZor~AA9AA

LockgqcyekfJR; ;ksH;qTthofr ekuo%Al yksosQ yHkrs dhfkij=k p 'kqHkka xfre~AA10AA

oqQUrh mokp &ln'o bo l f{kIr% iz.kqks okD;lk;oSQ%ArPpdkj rFkk lo;Fkkonuq'kklue~AAA11AA

(m|ksx ioZ] 131] 134 v;k;)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

{kk=k/eZjrk & {kk=kL; /eZ %] {kk=k/eZ% rfLeu~jrk] rRiq#"k lekl] {kk=k/eZdk ikyu djus okyhA

nh?kZnf'kZuh & nh?k nz"Vqe~'khya ;L;k% lk] miin rRiq#"k] Hkfo"; dkfpUru djus okyhA

foJqrk & izflAjktlalRlq & jkK% lalRlq ] LkIreh rRiq#"k jkT; lHkkvksa esaAJqrokD;k & Jqrkfu okD;kfu ;;k lk] U;k; ikjaxr fuiq.kA

cgqJqrk & cgq Jqra ;;k lk] fonq"khA


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22 'kk'orh

lR;k & lR; Hkk"k.k djus okyhA

txgZs & xgZ ~] fyV~ydkj iz-iq- ,-o-] fuUnk dhA

vkSjle~ & mjl% tkre~] lxs csVs dk sA

fuftZre~ & ijkLr] gkjs gq,A

'k;kue~ & 'kh~ 'kkup~] f}-] ,-o-] lksrs gq,] ysVs gq,A

nhupsrle~ & nhuapsr% ;L; l% re~ cgqozhfg] mnkl n; okysA

vuUnue~ & u uUnue~ ] nwljksadks vizl djus okysA

v/eZKe~ & /e tkukfr /eZK% u /eZK% v/eZK% re~] /eZdks u tkuus okys dksA

f}"krke~ & f}"k~ $ 'kr "k"Bh- c-o-] 'k=kqvksaosQA

g"kZo/Zue~ & g"ko/Z;fr re~] izlUu djus okysA

'ks"o & 'kh~ $ yksV~ydkj] e-iq- ,-o-] lksvksA

vfe=kku~ & 'k=kqvksadksA

uUn;u~ & uUn~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr] iz-iq- ,-o-] izlUu djrs gq,A

fuekZu% & fuxZrks ekuks ;L; l%] lEeku jfgrA

mn~Hkko;Lo & mn~ $ Hkw $ f.kp~(izsj.kkFkZd) yksV~ydkj e-iq-

,-o-] tkuks] Kkr djks] izdV djksAfof & fon~ $ yksV~ ydkj] e-iq- ,-o-A

eXue~ & eLt~ $ Dr] f}- ,-o-] Mwcs gq, (vour gq,oqQy) dksA

jkf'ko/Zuek=ke~ & ek=k la[;k c


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ekuks fg egrka/ue~ 23

vklk| & vk $ ln~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok>Y;i~] ikdjA

vFkZor~ & vFkZ $ erqi~] liQyA

vH;qTthofr & thfor jgrk gSA

ij= k & ijyksd esaA

ln'o% & vPNk ?kksM+kA

iz.kq% & iz $ uqn~ $ kQ]iq-] iz-] ,-o-] izsfjr fd;k gqvkA

okD;lk;oSQ% & ok.kh osQ ck.kksalsA

rPpdkj & rr~ $ pdkj] og (lc) fd;kA

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuk aiz'ukuke~ mkjalaLrsu ns;e~

(d) ekuks fg egrka/ue~bR;;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ladfyr%\([k) fon qjk oqqQ=k foJqrk vklhr~\(x) fonqjk;k% iq=k% osQu ijkftr% vHkor~\(?k) d% L=kh iqeku~ ok u Hkofr\

() d% vekR;kuka g"ku vkn/kfr\(p) viq =k;k ek=kk fde~vkHkj.kR;a u Hkofr\(N) dL; thfore~vFkZor~Hkofr\

2- ^; vkReu% ----- vfpjs.k l%* vL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnh Hkk"k;kLi"VhoqQ#r

3- fjkQLFkkukuke~ iwfrZ% fo/s;k

(d) fonqjk vkSjle~ iq=ka-----------------------------A

([k) gs dkiq#"k----------------------------- ek 'ks"oA

(x) RoRrs Lo;eso eXua----------------------------- mn~Hkko;A

(?k) ;% fiz;lq[ks----------------------------- fJ;e~ ex;rsA

() ekei';UR;k% ----------------------------- vfi loZFkk fde~\

(p) loZHkwrkfu----------------------------- ;ekthofUrA

(N) l ;Fkkor~----------------------------- pdkjA


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24 'kk'orh

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka'kCnkuka foykseku~fy[kr

foJqrk] lR;k] v/eZKe~] vfe=kku~] dkiq#"k%] vfpjs.k] vklk|A

5- ipfHk% okD;S% fonqjk;k% pfj=ke~ o.kZ;r

6- ^;ekthofUr----------------- thforeFkZor~* vL; 'yksdL; vUo;afy[kr

7- v/ksfyf[krinkukalaLrokD;s"kqiz;ksxaoqQ#r

foJqrk] 'k;kue~] f}"krke~] xfre~] iDoe~] f{kIr%A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

v/ksfyf[krkuka ukjhpfj=kk.kkapfjreuqlUkk; fonqjk;k'pfj=ks.k rs"kka rqyuka

oqQ#r&xkxhZ] 'koqQUryk] lkfo=khA


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ipe% ikB%

lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk

egkdfo 'kwnzd&iz.khre`PNdfVdizdj.k rRdkyhu lekt dk niZ.k

ekuk tkrk gSA vius nku'khy LoHkko osQ dkj.k /ughu czk.k lkFkZokgvk;Zpk#nk rFkk mTtf;uh uxj dh xf.kdk olUrlsuk dh iz.k;dFkkij vk/kfjr ;g ukVfr ml ;qx dh vjktdrk] lekt esaO;kIroqQjhfr] |wrO;lu] pkS;Zofk] U;k;ky; esaO;kIr i{kikr rFkk jktk osQlxs&lacfU/;ksaosQ LoSjkpkj dk izkekf.kd o`k izLrqr djrh gSA

izLrqr ukV~;ka'ke`PNdfVdosQ NBs vad ls fy;k x;k gSA blesaf'k'kqeu dks m}sfyr djus okyh ckylqyHk bPNk dks ekfeZd


62/123

26 'kk'orh

jnfudk & (lfuoZsna fu%'oL;)tkr! oqQrksLekdalqo.kZO;ogkj%\ rkrL; iqujfin~;k lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k hfM";flA (Loxre~)r|kon~ fouksn;kE;sue~A vk;kZ;k olUrlsuk;k%lehieqilfiZ";kfeA (milR;) vk;Zs! iz.kekfeA

olUrlsuk & jnfuosQ! LokxrarsA dL; iquj;ankjd%\ vuy~r&'kjhjksfi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee n;e~A

jnfudk & ,"k [kyqvk;Zpk#nkL; iq=kks jksglsuks ukeAolUrlsuk & (ckgwizlk;Z)

,fg es iq=kd! vkfy~xA(bR;~osQ mios';)vuqreusu firq% :ie~A

jnfudk & u osQoya:ia] 'khyefi rdZ;kfeA ,rsu vk;Zpk#nkvkRekuafouksn;frA

olUrlsuk & vFk fdffekes"k jksfnfr\jnfudk & ,rsu izkfrosf'kdx`gifrnkjdL; lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k

hfMre~A rsu p lk uhrkA rr% iquLrkaekxZ;rkse;s;ae`fkdk'kdfVdk Rok nkkA rrks Hk.kfrjnfuosQ! fdEee ,r;k e`fkdk'kdfVd;k\ rkesolkSo.kZ'kdfVdkansfg bfrA

olUrlsuk & gk f/o~Q gk f/o~Q! v;efi uke ijlEi;klUrI;rs\ Hkxou~ rkUrA iq "dji=kifrr&tyfcUnqln'kS% hMfl Roa iq#"kHkkx/s;S%A (bfrlkk)A tkr! ek #fnfg! lkSo.kZ'kdfVd;k

hfM";flA

nkjd% & jnfuosQ! dk ,"kk\jnfudk & tkr! vk;kZ rs tuuh HkofrAnkjd% & jnfuosQ! vyhdaRoaHk.kflA ;|Lekdek;kZ tuuh

rr~ osQu vy~rk\olUrlsuk & tkr! eqX/su eq[ksu vfrd#.kaeU=k;flA


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lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 27

(ukVsu vkHkj.kkU;ork;Zjksfnfr),"kk bnkuhars tuuh laokkA rn~x`gk.kSrey~&dkjde~]lkSo.kZ'kdfVdka?kV;A

nkjd% & visfg] u xzgh";kfeA jksfnf"k Roe~AolUrlsuk & (vJwf.k izeT;)

tkr! u jksfn";kfeA xPN] hMA(vy~dkjSeZPNdfVdkaiwjf;Rok)

tkr! dkj; lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~A(bfr nkjdeknk; fu"kUrk jnfudk)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

nkjde~ & ckyde~] iq=kde~ ] cPps dksA

'kdfVd;k & okgufo'ks"ks.k] xkM+h osQ }kjkA

e`fkdk'kdfVd;k & efkdkfufeZr;k xU=;k] feV~Vh dh xkM+h lsA

lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~ & lqo.kZfufeZrkaxU=khe~] lksus dh xkM+h dksAlqo.kZO;ogkj% & Lo.kZL; vknkua iznkue~] lksus dh ysu&nsuA

fouksn;kfe & vuqjt;kfe] cgykrh gw A

milfiZ";kfe & ik'oZ eqixfe";kfe] ikl igqprh gwA

fdffeke~ & fdeFkZ e~] fdl fy;s] fdl ckr osQ fy;sA

izkfrosf'kd% & izfros'ks fudVs fLFkr%] iM+ksl esa jgus okykA

ekxZ;r% & vfUo";r%] [kkstus okys dkA

ijlEi;k & vU;L; len~;k] ijkbZ lef lsA

lUrI;rs & nq%[keuqHkofr] lUrIr gks jgk gSA

iq"dji=ke~ & deyi=ke~] dey dk ikkAiq#"kHkkx/s;S% & euq";L; HkkX;S%] euq"; osQ HkkX; osQ lkFkA

vyhde~ & vlR;e~ ] >wBA

vy~rk & foHkw f"krk] vkHkw"k.k igus gqbZA

eqX/su eq[ksu & dkseysu (funkZs"ks.k) eq[ksu] Hkksys eq[k lsA


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28 'kk'orh

vkHkj.kkfu & vkHkw"k.kkfu] xguksa dksA

?kV; & fuekZi;] cuok yksAvisfg & nwjhHko] nwj gVksA

izeT; & lkjf;Rok] iksa N djA

fu"kUrk & cfgxZ rk] ckgj fudy xbZA

vH;kl%

1- la Lrsu mkja nh;rke~

(d) ePNdfVde~bfr ukVdL; jpf;rk d%\([k) nkjd% (jksglsu%) jnfudkafde;kpr\(x) olUrlsuk nkjdL; fo"k;s d iPNfr\(?k) jnfudk fdeqDRok nkjdarksf"krorh\() jksglsu% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\(p) vk;Zpk#nk% osQu vkRekuafouksn;fr\(N) jksglsu% dhn'kha'kdfVdka;kprs\(t) olUrlsuk oSQ% ePNdfVdka iwj;fr\

(>) jksglsusu Lofirq% fde~ vuqre~\(k) olUrlsuk fdeqDRok nkjda lkURo;kekl\

2- fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;kafy[kr

(d) vuy~r'kjhjksfi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee n;e~A([k) u osQoya :ia 'khyefi roZQ;kfeA(x) iq "dji=kifrrtyfcUnqln'kS% hMfl Roaiq#"kHkkx/s;S%A(?k) tkr! eqX/su eq[ksu vfrd#.kaeU=k;flA

3- v/ksfyf[krkukainkukaLolaLrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r

efkdk'kdfVd;k] lqo.kZO;ogkj%] vJwf.k] fouksn;fr] izkfrosf'kd% n~;k]

jksfnfrA4- v/ksfy[krkuka f;kinkfu oh{; leqfpradr`Zinafy[kr

(d) ----------------------------- hMko%A([k) ----------------------------- fouksn;kfeA(x) ----------------------------- lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k hfM";flA


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lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 29

(?k) ----------------------------- vyhoaQ Hk.kflA() d fufeke~----------------------------- jksfnfrA

5- v/ksfyf[krkuk ainkuka lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r

(d) oq QrksLekde~ -----------------------------

([k) iqujfi -----------------------------

(x) fdffeke~ -----------------------------

(?k) iquLrke~ -----------------------------

() ;|Lekde~ -----------------------------(p) vkHkj.kkU;ork;Z -----------------------------

6- fufnZ"VizfrizR;;fufeZra ina fy[kr

(d) fu% $ 'ol~$ Y;i~ -----------------------------

([k) vuq$ $ Dr -----------------------------

(x) vye~ $ $ Dr $ Vki~ -----------------------------

(?k) vo $ r $ f.kp~$ Y;i~ -----------------------------

() iw j~ $ DRok -----------------------------

(p) vk $ nk $ Y;i~ -----------------------------

(N) xzg~ $ DRok -----------------------------(t) mi $ l $ Y;i~ -----------------------------

(>) hM~ $ Dr -----------------------------

(k) iz $ et~$ Y;i~ -----------------------------

7- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkukafoykseinkfu fy[kr

(d) lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk -----------------------------

([k) vyhde~ -----------------------------

(x) vy~rk -----------------------------

(?k) fu"kUrk -----------------------------

() visfg -----------------------------(p) ijlEi;k -----------------------------

8- v/ksfyf[krkukainkukai;kZ;okfpinkfu fy[kr

nkjd%] firq%] roZQ;kfe] tuuh] uhrk] Hk.kfr] vyhde~A


66/123

30 'kk'orh

9- v/ksfyf[krk% i~Dr;% osQu da izfr mDrk%

(d) ,fg oRl! 'kdfVd;k hMko%A([k) vk;kZ;k% olUrlsuk;k% lehie~ milfiZ";kfeA(x) ,fg es iq=kd! vkfy~xA(?k) d fufeka ,"k jksfnfrA() jnfuosQ! dk ,"kkA(p) tkr! dkj; lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~A

10- ikBe~vkfJR; lksnkgj.ka olUrlsuk;k% jksglsuL; ppkfjf=kdoSf'k"V~;e~fgUnhHkk"kk;kafy[kr

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk bfr ikBL; lkfHku;aukV~;iz;ksxaoqQ#r


67/123

"k"B% ikB%

vkgkjfopkj%

izLrqr ikBpjdlafgrkosQ^foekuLFkkue~* izdj.k osQ^jlfoeku*

uked izFke v;k; ls ladfyr gSA ;gk iz;qDr foeku 'kCn dkrkRi;ZjksxkRed nks"kksa,oavks"kf/;ksaosQ foKku ls gSA blesacrk;k x;kgS fd LokLF; dk ewy vk/kj leqfpr vkgkj gSA Hkkstu osQ izdkj]mldh ek=kk rFkk mfpr le; vkfn dk fo/ku gh bl va'k dk o.;Zfo"k; gSA

m".ke'uh;kr~] m".kafg HkqT;ekuaLonrs] HkqkaQ pkfXuekSn;Zeqnhj;fr]f{kiza tjka xPNfr] okreuqykse;fr] 'ys"ek.ka p ifjkl;fr]rLeknq".ke'uh;kr~A


68/123

32 'kk'orh

fLuX/e'uh;kr~] fLuX/afg HkqT;ekuaLonrs] f{kizatjkaxPNfr]okreuqykse;fr] 'kjhjeqifpuksfr] n


69/123

vkgkjfopkj% 33

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

vkgkj% & vk $ $ ?kk~ HkkstuAvkSn;Ze~ & mnj $ ;r~ ] mn;Z $ v.k~] mnjs Hko%]

(mnj esa gksus okyk) isV dh vfXu dkfo'ks"k.kA

o.kZizlknapkfHkfuoZrZ;fr & jax :i esa] lkSUn;Zesafu[kkj ykrk gSAf{kiza tjkaxPNfr & tYnh ip tkrk gSAfLuX/e~ & fLug~ $ Dr] fpdukbZ ?kr rSykfn ls ;qDrAek=kkor~ & ek=kk $ erqi~ ] mfpr ek=kk es aAmifpuksfr & mi~ $ fp $ yV~ $ iz-iq-] ,-o-] c


70/123

34 'kk'orh

vizfr"Bkue~ & u izfr"Bkue~] uk~rRiq#"k] mfpr LFkku ij u igqpukA

vtYir~ & u tYir~ ] uk~rRiq#"k] fcuk cksyrs gq,A

euksfo?kkre~ & eul% fo?kkre~ ] fo $ gu~$ ?kk~ f}rh;k ,dopu]rRiq#"k] ekufld d"V dksA

vH;kl%

1- la Lrsu mkjr

(d) ,"k% ikB% dLekr~xzUFkkr~mr%\([k) pjdlafgrk;k% jpf;rk d%\(x) dhn'ka Hkkstue~ bfUnz;kf.k n) vfrfoyfEcra fg Hkqtku% dkau vf/xPNfr\

(k) tYir% glr% vU;eul% ok HkqtkuL; osQ nks"kk% HkofUr\2- mfprf;kinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(d) cgq HkqDravkgkjtkre~ --------------------

([k) vtYiu~ vglu~ --------------------

(x) m".ka fg HkqT;ekua --------------------

(?k) m".kaHkkstuamnjL; vfXue~ --------------------

() fLuX/a HkqT;ekua Hkkstue~ 'kjhje~ --------------------

(p) ek=kkon~fg HkqkaQ lq[ka --------------------

(N) vfrnzqra fg u --------------------

(t) m".kaHkkstua okre~ --------------------

3- v/ksfyf[krinkukaokD;s"kqiz;ksxaoqQ#r

'kh?kze~] m".ke~] fLuX/e~] rSykfn;qrQe~] foo/Z;fr] vfrnzqre~] vfrfoyfEcre~]iP;rsA


71/123

vkgkjfopkj% 35

4- v/ksfyf[krizfrizR;;foHkkxa ;kst;r

;Fkk& t $ kQ uiqa-] iz- ,dopue~ th.kZe~ Av'k~'kr` iqa- izFkek ,dopue~ --------------------

vfHk o/~f.kp~yV~ iz- iq- ,dopue~ --------------------

mi $ l`t~ deZokP;] yV~] iz- iq- ,dopue~ --------------------

b"k~$ kQ iqa- lIreh ,dopue~ --------------------

Hkqt~'kkup~] iqa- "k"Bh] ,dopue~ --------------------

u glu~bfr --------------------iz $ oqQi~$ f.kp~ yV~] iz-iq- ,dopue~ --------------------

tu~ $ kQ L=khfy~xe~ --------------------

mi $ fp $ yV~] iz- iq- ,dopue~ --------------------

vfHk $ fu $ or~ $ f.kp~] yV~ydkj]iz- iq- ,dopue~ --------------------

5- v/ksfy[krkuk ainkukalfU/PNsna oqQ#r

th.ksZ'uh;kr~] pks"ek.ka] iwoZL;kgkjL;] izdksi;R;k'kq] nks"ks"oXukS] vH;ore~]rLekTth.ksZ] pk'uh;kr~A

6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq foHkfDra opua p n'kZ;req[ks"kq] lokZu~] n;s] ofe~] tjke~] HkqtkuL;A

7- ikBkr~ fpRok foykse'kCnku~ fy[kr

;Fkk& fo#e~ vfo#e~vfrfoyfEcre~ --------------------

tYiu~ --------------------

glu~ --------------------

th.ksZ --------------------

b"Ve~ --------------------

rUeuk% --------------------vfrnzqre~ --------------------

8- b"Vs ns'ks --------- pk'uh;kr~bR;L; x|ka'kL; vk'k;a fgUnh Hkk"k;k Li"VaoqQ#r


72/123

lIre% ikB%

lUrfrizcks/ue~

izLrqr ikB egf"kZ vjfoUn }kj k laLr esa iz. khr [k.MdkO;

^Hkokuh Hkkjrh*ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA thou osQ izkjfEHkd pj.kesavjfoUn ?kks"k egku kfUrdkjh rFkk jk"VHkkQ osQ :i esamHkjsA ogl'kL=k kfUr osQ leFkZd FksA fczfV'k ljdkj us mUgsavyhiqj ce osQldk vijk/h eku dj 1906 bZ- esavyhiqj dkjkxkj esacUnh cuk fn;kA

dkjkokl dh blh vof/ esa,d jkr LoIu esacfUnuh Hkkjrekrkdk n'kZu dj] Hkkokfo"V euksn'kk esa dfo us bl vkstLoh rFkk jk"Vh;Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr 'krddkO; dk iz.k;u fd;kA bl jpuk esaegkdfo vjfoUn us Hkkjrekrk dks egkdkyh] egky{eh ,oaegkljLorhosQ :i esafu:fir fd;k gSA

thou osQ mkjk/Zesaegf"kZvjfoUn osnksaosQ O;k[;krk] egk;ksxh]egkdfo] ijejk"VHkDr ,oa egknk'kZfud osQ :i esa fo'oep ijizfrf"Br gq,A

izLrqr ikB esaHkkjrtuuh ijrU=krk ,oavKku:ih vU/dkj osQcU/uksaesatdM+h] voekuuk xzLr viuh lUrfr;ksadks muosQ Lof.kZebfrgkl dk Lej.k djkrs gq,] mUgsaizsfjr djrh gS fd os viuh funzkdk R;kx djsarFkk vius ijke ls jk"V dks ijk/hurk osQ cUku lseqDr djk;saA

lkUnza rfelzko`rekrZeU/afoyksD; rkjrek;Z[k.Me~AAxw


73/123

lUrfrizcks/ue~ 37

lukrukU;kg~o; HkkjrkukaoqQykfu ;qk;] t;ksLrquks Hkh%AHkks tkx`rkfLe Do /uq% Do [kM~x%Amfk"Brksfk"Br lqIrflagk%AA2AA

ekrkfLe Hkks! iq=kd! Hkkjrkukalukrukukaf=kn'kfiz;k.kke~A'kDrks u ;kUiq=k fof/foZi{k%dkyksfi uks uk'kf;rqa;eks okAA3AA

rs czp;sZ.k fo'kqoh;kZ%Kkusu rs HkheriksfHkjk;kZ%Alglzlw;kZ bo HkklqjkLrslefeR;ka'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~AA4AA


74/123

38 'kk'orh

mfk"B Hkks tkx`fg ltZ;kXuhu~lk{kkf rstksfl ijL; 'kkSjs%Ao{k%fLFkrsuSo lukrusu'k=kwUgqrk'ksu ngVLoAA5AA

vLR;so yksgafuf'kr'p [kM~x%wjk 'kr?uh unrhg ekkAdFkafujL=kksfl] erksfl 'ks"ksj{k Lotkfraijgk Hkok;Z%AA6AA

Hkks Hkks voUR;ks ex/k'p ckvk dfyk% oqQ#flU/o'pAHkks nkf{k.kkR;k% k.kqrkU/zpksyk%k.oUrq ;s ipuns"kq'kwjk%AA7AA

;s osQfpnpZfUr uuqf=kewfr

;s pSdewfr;ouk enh;k%Aekrk;s oLru;kfUg lokZu~funzkafoeqpoe;s k`.kqoe~AA8AA

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

lkUnze~ & l?kue~_ (lg vUnzs.k)] l?ku] xguA

rfekore~ & frfejkore~_ rfes.k vkore~(r- rRiq-)] vUkdkjls


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lUrfrizcks/ue~ 39

[kM~x% & vfl%] ryokjA

iq=kd! & gs ckyd (iq =k $ du~)] gs iq=kA

f=kn'kfiz;k.kke~ & nsofiz;k.kke~(f=kn'kk% lfUr fiz;k% ;s"kke~ rs"kke~)]

nsorkvksaosQ fiz;ksadkA

foi{k% & 'k=kq i{k% (fo#% i{k% ;L; l%)] 'k=kqi{kA

fof/% & 'kklue~_ 'kkluA

fo'kqoh;kZ% & ifj"rijkek% (fo'kq aoh;;s"kkars)] vR;fkdijke okysA

HkheriksfHk% & ?kksjifjJeS%] vR;f/d ifjJeksa lsA

vk;kZ% & Js"Bk%] Js"BA

Hkklqjk & Hkklekuk% (Hkkl~ $ ?kq jp~izR;;) nhfIrekuA

le`feR;ke~ & lef;qDR;ke~ lef $ erqi~$ hi~l- ,-o-]lef'kkyh ijA

'kq'kqHkq% & 'kksHkk;ekuk% tkrk% ('kqHk~fyV~ ydkj)_ lq'kksfHkrgq,A

'kkSjs% & ".kL; 'kkSfj "k- ,- o- ('kwj $ bk~)] ".k osQA

gqrk'ksu & vfXuuk (gqra v'ukfr) ;% l% rsu] vfXu osQ }kjkA

ltZ; & ltZua o qQ# (lt~ yk sV ~ ydkj f.ktUr e- iq-,- o-)] mRi djksA

'kr?uh & rksiukek[;a vL=ke~('kra gfUr ;k lk)] rksiA

wjk & fu"Bq jk] fu"d#.kk] Hk;adjA

fuf'kr% & mhIr% (fu $ 'kh $ Dr)] iSuk fd;k x;kA

ijgk & 'k=kq ?u% (ijku~gfUr)] 'k=kqvksadks ekjus okykA

f=kewfrZe~ & czfo".kqegs'kk[;kuka nsokuke~ ewfrZe~(=k;k.kka nsokukaewfrZe~)] f=knsoksadh ewfrZ dksA

,dewfrZe~ & ,osQ'oje~] ,d fujkdkj ijes'oj dk sA

o% & ro] rq EgkjsA

vkg~o;s & vkdkj;kfe] iqdkjrh gw A


76/123

40 'kk'orh

vH;kl%

1- la Lrsu mkja nh;rke~

(d) Hkkjrkukaekrk oaQ foyksD; Hk'kaUnfr\([k) jtU;k a xw


77/123

lUrfrizcks/ue~ 41

5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kqiz;ksxa oqQ#r

mfk"B] ltZ;] Do] lqIrflagk] ekrk] 'k=kwu~] j{k] c~xk%] vpZfUr] vkg~o;sA

6- foHkfDar ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(d) ckfydk---------------- Lofifr (jtuh] lIreh foHkfDr] ,dopu)

([k) gs ohj! ---------------- mfk"B (;q] prqFkhZ foHkfDr] ,dopu)

(x) rs ---------------- vk;kZ% tkrk%A (ril~] rrh;k foHkfDr] cgqopu)

(?k) ekrk---------------- iq=kku~vkg~o;fr (loZ] f}rh;k foHkfDr] cgqopu)() 'kw jk% ---------------- olfUrA (ipun] lIreh foHkfDr] cgqopu)

7- v/ksfyf[krs"kq;FkkLFkkua lfU/a lfU/&foPNsna ok oqQ#r

(d) lukrukfu $ vkg~o; --------------------------------------

([k) t;ksLrq ----------------$----------------

(x) Hkklqjk% $ rs --------------------------------------

(?k) 'kq 'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~ ----------------$----------------

() tkx`rkfLe ----------------$----------------

(p) fLFkrsu $ ,o --------------------------------------

(N) vfLr $ ,o --------------------------------------

8- v/ksfyf[krL; 'yksdL; vUo;a oqQ#r

ekrkfLe Hkks! iq=kd! HkkjrkukaoqQykfu ;qk; t;ksLrq uks Hkh%A

Hkks tkxrkfLe Do /uq% Do [kM~x%

mfk"Brksfk"Br lqIrflagk%AA

9- v/ksfyf[krs"k qvykja fufnZ'kr

(d) lglw;kZ bo HkklqjkLrslefeR;ka 'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~A

([k) Hkks Hkks voUR;ks ex/k'p ck%vk% dfyk% oqQ#flU/o'pAA


78/123

42 'kk'orh

10- v/ksfyf[krs 'yksosQ iz;qDrL; NUnl% uke fy[kr

rs czp;sZ.k fo'kqoh;kZ%Kkusu rs HkheriksfHkjk;kZ%Alglw;kZbo HkklqjkLrslefeR;ka'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~AA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

v/ksfyf[krkuka lwDrhukalUrfrizcks/ue~ bfr ikBsu HkkolkE;e~vuqlU/k;rqyuk dk;kZ

(d) mfk"Br tkxzr izkI; ojkfcks/rA dBksifu"kn~([k) ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kksga i`fFkO;k%A vFkoZosn%(x) 'kwjL; ej.kar.ke~A(?k) vfi Lo.k Ze;h yk u es y{e.k jksprsA

tuuh tUeHkwfe'p LoxkZnfi xjh;lhAA

egkHkkjrs fonqjk;k% lUns'ksu lUrfrizcks/uL; HkkolkE;aizfrikn;rA


79/123

v"Ve% ikB%

n;kohj dFkk

izLrqr ikB eSfFkyh] laLr vkSj viHkza'k (vogV~B) osQ izfl dfo

fo|kifr }kjk fojfpr^iq#"k&ijh{kk*uked dFkkxzUFk ls l~dfyrfd;k x;k gSA fo|kifr dk tUe prqnZ'k 'krkCnh (1360&1448) esafefFkyk {ks=k osQ foliQh xzke esa gqvk FkkA ^fo|kifr&inkoyh* budhyksdfoJqr jpuk gSA bUgksaus laLr esa fofo/fo"k;d 12 xzUFkksadhjpuk dh gSA

^iq#"k&ijh{kk* esalPps iq#"k dh ij[k oSQls dh tk;s&;g crkusosQ fy, oklqfd uked eqfu ikjkokj uked jktk dks vusd dFkk,lqukrs gSaA izLrqr dFkk esajktk gEehjnso dks n;kohj osQ :i esafpf=krfd;k x;k gSA dFkk osQ vuqlkj jktk gEehjnso us lezkV~vykmhu osQ

dksi dk Hkktu cus 'kj.kkxr eqgEen 'kkg (lsukifr) dh izk.ki.k lsj{kk dh gSA

n;kyq% iq#"k% Js"B% loZtUrwidkjd%ArL; dhrZuek=ks.k dY;k.keqii|rsAA

vfLr dkfyUnhrhjs ;ksfxuhiqjauke uxje~A r=k vykonhuks uke;oujktks cHkwoA l pSdnk osQukfi fufeksu efgeklkfgukEus lsukfuusvoqQI;r~A l p ;ouLokfeua izoqQfira izk.kxzkgda p KkRokfpUr;kekl] lke"kks Z jktk fo'oluh;ks u HkofrA rfnnkuh a

;konfu#ksfLe rkonsosr% kfi xRok futizk.kj{kkadjksehfrijke`'; lifjokj% iykf;r%A iyk;ekuksI;fpUr;r~;RlifjokjL;nwjxeue'kD;e~A ifjokja ifjR;T; iyk;uefi uksfpre~A ;r%

thforkFkoqQyaR;DRok ;ksfrnwjatuks oztsr~AyksdkUrjxrL;so d rL; thforsu okAA


80/123

44 'kk'orh

rfngSo n;kohjagEehjnsoalekfJR; fr"Bkehfr ijke'; l ;ouksgEehjnsoeqixE;kg nso! foukijk/agUrqeq|rL; LokfeuL=kklsukgaro 'kj.kekxrksfLeA ;fn ekajf{kraq'kDuksf"k rnk fo'oklansfgAuks psfnrksU;=k xPNkfeA

jktksokp&;ou! ee 'kj.kkxra ef; thofr ;eksfi RokaijkHkforaqu 'kDuksfr] d iqu;Zoujkt%\ rnHk;afr"BA

rrLrL; jkKks opusu l ;oulfpoLrfLeu~j.kLrEHkukfEunqxsZ fu%'keqoklA es.k ;oujktLr=kkofLFkrarafofnRok ijelke"kZ%dfjrqjxinkfr& ink?kkrSkZfj=khapky;u~nqxZ}kjekxR; gEehjnsosu

lkda;qa roku~] ijat;au yCkoku~AizFke;qkuUrja;oujktsu gEehjnsoaizfr nwr% izfgr%A nwr

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NCERT Sanskrit Shaswati Class XI

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Transcript of NCERT Sanskrit Shaswati Class XI