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Naxalism: History, Evolution

& Current Status

► Origin of the term - Naxalism

► Who are Naxalites?

► Social, Economic, & Political aims

► How do they intend to achieve their aims?

Genesis & Ideology

►Communist Party of India (Maoist)

►CPI (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti

►People's Liberation Guerrilla Army

►Splinter groups in NE India

Major Left-wingextremist groups

►Pan-Indian spread, present in over 200 districts in 13 states

►Highly active in AP, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, MP, Jharkhand, Bihar, & WB

►Highly trained cadre, especially in guerrilla warfare

Presence of Naxalites

Presence of Naxalites

External links

► Nepal's Maoists – joint training, ideological brotherhood

► ISI (Pakistan) – funds and arms supply

► Bangladeshi Islamic orgs – funds & arms supply

► Erstwhile LTTE (Sri Lanka) – arms training

Strong relationship with..

►Subverts national sovereignty

►Killing of civilians and security personnel

►Critical infrastructure destroyed

►Flight of investment & large-scale migration to urban areas

Impact of Naxal violence

►Has deepened divisions between upper classes/lower classes & upper castes/lower castes

►Direct links with external terror outfits have made sensitive places vulnerable to terror attacks

Impact of Naxal violence

What can be done to control Naxal

violence?

Three Major Measures

Redressing socio-economic grievances of Naxal sympathizers/cadre

Negotiations

Use of force

Redressing socio-economic grievances

Remove root cause – poverty

Land reforms

Social empowerment

Abolish class and caste discrimination

►Generation of secured employment

►Involve people in building community assets

►Spread of literacy

Redressing socio-economic grievances

Negotiations

Surrender of arms & solution within the framework of our Constitution

Adopt carrot and stick approach

Warn that force will be dealt with force

General amnesty & economic incentives

Use of force

Well-coordinated effort by armed forces backed by strong political will

Affected states should evolve a common strategy

Better intelligence gathering & sharing

Mobilization of well-trained force armed with sophisticated weapons

►Special units of the Indian Army, trained in jungle & guerrilla warfare, could be brought in

►Ensure that people living in Naxal hot-beds are not harassed, as this may alienate them further

►No effort should be spared to tackle this ever-growing threat to India's internal security

Use of force