NavigationSpring 2008

Naval ROTC UnitThe Citadel

Marine Navigation Textbooks/References

http://164.214.12.145/pubs/ http://www.uscg.mil/vtm/pages/rules.htm

Lesson 1: Introduction and Piloting Team

• AGENDA:– Types of Marine Navigation– The Bridge Watch Team – Members of the Piloting Team– Navigation Department Organization

• Applicable reading: Hobbs, pp. 3-20

Navigation Defined

• Navigation – The process of safely and efficiently directing the

movements of a vessel from one place to another.

U.S. Ship Casualties 1950-2000

2

4

6

8

10

13

15

USS STARKE FFG-31USS STARKE FFG-31 USS LIBERTY AGTR-5USS LIBERTY AGTR-5 USS LIBERTY AGTR5USS LIBERTY AGTR5

USS HIGBEE DD-806USS HIGBEE DD-806

USS COLE DDG-67USS COLE DDG-67

USS PIRATE AM-275

USS MAGPIE AMS-25

USS PARTRIDGE AMS-31

USS PLEDGE AM-277

USS BRUSH DD-745

USS SARSI ATF-111

USS WALKE DD-723

USS MANSFIELD DD-728

USS BARTON DD-772

USS E.G. SMALL DDR-838

USS WARRINGTON DD-843USS WESTCHESTER COUNTY

LST 1167

USS S. B. ROBERTSFFG-58

USS PRINCETON CG-59

USS TRIPOLI LPH-10

KOREA

VIETNAM

ISRAEL

IRAN

IRAQ 1991

1987-88

1969-72

1967

1950-52

YEMEN 2000

VARIOUSVARIOUS 1950-2001

TERRORIST MISSILE TORPEDO AERIAL ATTACK MINE

972972

GROUNDING &COLLISIONS

Photo taken as ship was being drydocked

Photo taken as ship was being drydocked

•USS RADFORD (DDG 446)

•USS LAMOURE COUNTY (LST 1194)

•USNS YUKON (T-AO 202)

•USS DENVER (LPD 9)

USS SAN FRANCISCO (SSN 711)

Types of Navigation

• Coastal Piloting• Dead Reckoning• Celestial Navigation • Radio Navigation• Electronic Navigation

The Bridge Team(Normal, underway watch)

• Officer of the Deck (OOD)• Conning Officer (CONN)• Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD)• Quartermaster of the Watch (QMOW)• Boatswain’s Mate of the Watch (BMOW)• Lookouts• Helmsman

BearingBearing TakerTaker BearingBearing

TakerTaker

PlotterPlotterBearingBearingRecorderRecorder

NavigatorNavigator

OOD ConningOfficer

Bridge

CIC

PilotingPilotingOfficerOfficer

PlotterPlotter

ChartChart TableTable

ChartChart TableTable

RadarRadar

OperatorOperator

CO

Bridge (Piloting)

• Navigator

• Plotter

• Brg Recorder

• Bearing Taker

CIC (RadNav)

• Piloting Officer

• Radar Operator

• BRG Recorder

• Plotter

The Piloting Team(Navigation Detail Stationed)

BearingBearing TakerTaker

BearingBearing TakerTaker

PlotterPlotterBearingBearingRecorderRecorder

NavigatorNavigator

OODOOD ConningConningOfficerOfficer

BridgeBridge

CICCIC

PilotingPilotingOfficerOfficer

PlotterPlotter

ChartChart TableTable

ChartChart TableTable

RadarRadar

OperatorOperator

COCO “Based on an excellent fix at

time :20, Navigation holds us 100 yards left of track. Nearest hazard to navigation is shoal water 500 yards off the port bow. Nearest aid to navigation is red buoy 8, off the stbd beam.

Fathometer reads 45 feet beneath the keel, concurs with charted depth. Distance remaining this leg; 2,500 yards. Next time to turn with be at time :25 to new course 095 ° T. Turn bearing is 272°T to Castle Rock.

Navigation recommends coming right to new course 045º to regain track. Set and drift is 090ºT at 1 knot.”

“CIC concurs/does not concur.”

The Navigator’s Report

Navigator’s Reports• Based on an excellent [type of] fix at time :20

• Navigation holds us 100 yards left of track.

• Nearest hazard to navigation is shoal water 500 yards off the port bow.

• Nearest aid to navigation is red buoy 8, off the stbd beam.

• Fathometer reads 45 feet beneath the sonar dome, concurs with charted depth.

• Distance remaining this leg; 2,500 yards.

• Next time to turn with be at time :25 to new course 095T.

• Turn bearing is 272° to Castle Rock.

• Navigation recommends coming right to new course 045º to regain track.

• Set and drift is 090ºT at 1 knot.”

• “CIC concurs.”

How do you shoot bearings?

• On the beam first, then forward and aft.• Lines will cross in triangle. Where is the

ship’s position?

Cardinal Rule

• “No single source of information should be relied upon to the exclusion of others”

Fix intervals

• Water depth constraints• Current• Bottom contour• Weather• Navigational hazards• Speed• Simply put, how quickly you can get into

trouble!

Navigation Department Administrative Organization

QM 's, SM 'sm ay a lso in c lu d e ad m in p erson n e l

Navigator Departm ent Heads

Executive OfficerX O

Com m anding OfficerC O

Navigation DepartmentOperational Organization

B earin g TakerB earin g R ecord erP lo tte r

Bridge Team

P ilo tin g O ffice rR ad ar O p era to rP lo tte r

RadNav Team

Navigator

M ain ta in s D eck L ogM ain ta in s N av P lo tW eax O b serva tion s

QM OW

OOD

Com m anding OfficerC O

Review

• How are bearing shot (order)• Who must acknowledge the Navigator’s

report?

QUESTIONS?