Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada...
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Transcript of Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada...
![Page 1: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Navigation
3.01 Foundations of NavigationReferences:
FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider PilotCanada Flight Training Manual – Pilot Navigation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_Mercator_projection#Spherical_transverse_Mercator
![Page 2: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3.01 Foundations of Navigation
• MTPs:– Longitude and Latitude– Time and Longitude– Charts– Lambert Conformal Conic Projection– Transverse Mercator Projection– Great Circles and Rhumb Lines– Magnetic Navigation– Units of Distance and Speed
![Page 3: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Longitude and Latitude• Imaginary lines make up a grid
on the surface of the earth.
• Parallels of Latitude run east to west (like the equator), and are numbered 0 to 90 degrees North and South from the equator.
• Meridians of Longitude run north to south and are numbered 0-180 degrees East and West from the Prime Meridian.
![Page 4: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Longitude and Latitude
• Latitude is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds and includes “north” or “south”.
• The equator is at 0 degrees latitude.
• Point A is at 15 degrees north.
![Page 5: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Longitude and Latitude
• Longitude is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds and includes “east” or “west”.
• The Prime Meridian is at 0 degrees longitude.
• Point A is at about 22 degrees west.
![Page 6: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Longitude and Latitude
• Coordinates are given by grouping the latitude and longitude of a point together in that order
• Each degree is broken into 60’ (minutes) and each minute is broken into 60” (seconds)
• The coordinates for Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan are:
50°23′36″N 105°33′07″W
![Page 7: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Confirmation
• What is the approximate latitude and longitude of each letter?
A.______________________ B._______________________C. ______________________ D. _______________________
A
BC
D
![Page 8: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Confirmation
See if you can find the latitude and longitude for your home town. Google it and report it in the chat box!
![Page 9: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Time and Longitude
• Because the earth rotates, the sun appears to pass over a fixed point on the earth at a rate that varies throughout the year– If we take an average throughout the year, we can calculate the
mean solar day
• The mean solar day is divided into 24 equal hours– Each hour, the earth will rotate approximately 15 degrees– It will take the earth 4 minutes to rotate approximately 1 degree
• This rate actually appears to vary, so we use a common reference– UTC (coordinated universal time) or Z (“Zulu” time)
• Time at the prime meridian– Time zones are expressed in hours behind or ahead of UTC or Z
• E.g. PST is UTC -8 and PDT is UTC -7
![Page 10: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Charts
• What is a chart?• Basic Elements of Map Construction:
– Area– Shape– Bearing– Distance
• Normally one of the elements is closely preserved, the others become distorted.
![Page 11: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Charts
• Projections are the mathematical basis upon which maps are constructed
• Types of projections:
Cylindrical Conic Azimuthal
![Page 12: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
• Parallels of Latitude are curved, and
• Meridians of Longitude converge at the pole.
![Page 13: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
![Page 14: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Transverse Mercator Projection
![Page 15: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mercator Projection
Parallels of Latitude and Meridians of Longitude are straight lines that form a grid.
![Page 16: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Great Circles and Rhumb Lines
• A great circle is a line that cuts the earth perfectly in half, and represents the shortest distance between two points– An example of a great circle is the equator
• A rhumb line is a line which cuts each meridian it crosses at the same angle– A line which could be made
by flying the same heading
![Page 17: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Great Circles and Rhumb Lines
Drawing a straight line on different projections will yield different results
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection Great Circle
Mercator (not Transverse Mercator) Rhumb Line
![Page 18: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Magnetic Navigation The earth generates a magnetic field which is useful for
navigation using a compass This magnetic field is not perfectly aligned with the axis of
rotation This creates a magnetic north which is in a different geographic
location from true north The angular difference between true
north and magnetic north is known as variation This is expressed in degrees east or
west of true north
![Page 19: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Magnetic Navigation
• Isogonic lines connect areas of equal variation• Agonic lines connect areas of 0 variation
![Page 20: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Magnetic Navigation
• It is possible to convert a true heading to a magnetic heading or a compass heading using the TVMDC method
• More on doing this, and on using a compass, in 3.03
![Page 21: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Units of Distance and Speed
• 1 Statute Mile (SM) is 5 280 feet
• 1 Nautical Mile (NM) is 6 080 feet–1 Knot is 1 Nautical Mile per Hour
• The ratio of 1 NM to 1 SM is 1.15
![Page 22: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Confirmation
Identify the type of projection. What are its characteristics?
![Page 23: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Confirmation
Identify the type of projection. What are its characteristics?
![Page 24: Navigation 3.01 Foundations of Navigation References: FTGU pages 177-178, 184-190 Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Glider Pilot Canada Flight.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c34df3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1650 Map of the Ancient World