Navigating the Columbia River Bar Captain Dan Jordan.
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Transcript of Navigating the Columbia River Bar Captain Dan Jordan.
Navigating the Columbia River BarCaptain Dan Jordan
Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A”
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
N
Channel
Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A”
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
NN
Channel
Ebb current
Coastal current
Ocean swell
11 miles
Change in the 40-ft depth Contour thru Time
1993
1930
1930
2000
2000
A
Shore line: Pre- jetty
3 km
Peacock Spit Baker Bay
1919
1919
The underwater shoals at MCR are eroding, affecting the stability of the jetties and the inlet
2009
3 MAR 1999 - Extr Trop Low
image courtesy of NOAA
WA
OR
CA
BC
Pacific
Ocean
29 AUG 2005 – Hurricane Katrina
image courtesy of NOAA
Total Storm Power and Maximum Wave Height TrendsPacific Northwest Coast, USA
The yellow columns are highlighted to illustrate a grouping of high intensity years. Number of events tracks along similar trend line.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Ma
xim
um
Wa
ve
He
igh
t (m
)
Cu
mu
lati
ve
Sto
rm P
ow
er
(Jo
ule
s (
10
10)
pe
r 1
00
m
ete
r
Storm Climate Intensity (1984 to 2008)(Using Cumulative Storm Power and Maximum Wave Height)
Total Storm Power
Maximum Wave Height
Average Storm Power = 8450 Joules (1010)
Average Maximum Wave Height = 9.4 m
A major part of a bar pilot’s job is to know when its safe to cross the Bar
46005287 nm @ 19 hrs
4608971 nm @ 5 hrs
4602918 nm @ 1 hr
46243
4605092 nm @ 6 hrs
46041
Pacific Northwest Buoy MeetingThursday, June 18th 2009
10 AM – 2 PMLewis and Clark Interpretive Center
Ilwaco, WA
Purpose: Explore ways to improve the current buoy system and provide better wave, wind and weather information and predictions for the region.
Goals and Outcomes:1. Understand the status, capabilities, and gaps in the current data buoy systems.2. Understand needs, drivers and opportunities for new buoys at the Mouth of the Columbia River.3. Build consensus on new buoys needed for the region:
a. How will data be used by various stakeholders?b. What are the needed system components and location(s)?c. How do we incorporate new buoys into existing data networks?d. What are the funding needs and opportunities for placing and maintaining new buoys?
4. Develop strategy for funding and partnerships for new buoys at the Mouth of the Columbia River.
Background: This meeting was a recommendation from the recent workshop held on April 27 and 28 on wave conditions and navigational safety at the Mouth of the Columbia River related particularly to dredging activities.
Organizers: Portland District Corps of Engineers, Columbia River Bar Pilots, Columbia River Crab Fisherman’s Association and the Washington Department of Ecology
Pacific Northwest Buoy MeetingParticipating Stakeholders
Merchants Exchange
Pacific County
Office of Senator Murray
Office of Congressman Wu
Office of Congressman Baird
The Oregonian
The Daily Astorian
Crowley Petroleum Services
NANOOS
Oregon fishermen's Cable Committee
Foss Maritime
Office of Senator Cantwell
Washington State Representiitve, 19th District
WSU Extension/Washington Sea Grant
Washington Dungeness Crab Fishermen's Assoc.
Columbia River Crab Fishermen's Assoc.
National Weather Service, Portland
National Weather Service, Seattle
National Data Buoy Center
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District
U.S. Coast Guard, Sector Portland
U.S. Coast Guard, District 13
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Golder Associates Inc.
Port of Illwaco
CREST/Port of Astoria
Columbia River Bar Pilots
Washington Department of Ecology
Oregon Sea Grant
Columbia River Pilots
Port of Portland
Columbia River Steamship Operators Assoc.
The Coastal Wave Network Template• Regional waves are
monitored by a pair of Outer & Inner Shelf Buoys.
outer inner
SHELF CROSS-SECTION
ShelfBreak
The Coastal Wave Network Template• Outer/Inner wave buoys are placed at wave model boundaries
for assimilation and validation.
PLAN VIEW
Harbor
ShelfBreak
GlobalModel
Shelf Model
LocalModel Shelf Model
CROSS SECTION
Local
Model
Proposed Outer Buoy200 Fathoms
46029
CDIP Inner Buoy
CDIP Point Reyes Buoy
CDIP Bar Buoy
Short Period Seas
Swell + Sea Prediction
Long Period Swell
NOAA 46026
Buoy-driven wave model predictionsSAN FRANCISCO BAR BUOY
Breaking Waves on the San Francisco Bar
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY090
20
40
60
80
100
120
IVO of SF Bar
Fiscal Year
Nu
mb
er o
f In
cid
ents
Bar Forecast Begun by MTR
Fiscal Year (FY)
Surf Cases
IVO of SF Bar
Total
FY03 32 98 130
FY04 28 75 103FY05 29 81 110FY06 18 51 69
FY07 20 39 59FY08 19 30 49FY09 11 14 25
TOTAL: 116 203 319
Marine Incidents near
SF Bar
Incidents in the Vicinity of SF Bar
Wave ModelsMean wave direction Wave height
180 2
25 deg
270 deg
315
Offshore wave conditions for Winter Storm: Ht= 13.5 m, Tp=16.7 sec, Dir =222 deg, Wind=20 m/s @ 182 deg
MCR
Nav
igat
ion Channel
WA
OR
Peacock Spit
Clatsop Spit
MODEL Generated Wave Field at MCR Inlet
Ebb Current Wave Height
Another unique aspect of the Columbia River is the 100 mile, 600 ft wide improved channel
Container Ship Evolution
1st Generation (Pre 1960 -1970)
2nd Generation (1970 – 1980)
3rd Generation (1985)
4th Generation (1986 – 2000)
5th Generation (2000 - ?)
Container capacity
43 ft Improved Channel
40 ft Contour
30 ft Natural Channel
20 ft Natural Channel
An increasing trend of smaller or light draft vessels navigating only within the
improved channel causes more closer quarter situations than necessary.
Vessel AVessel B
Vessel BVessel A
Flood current
Vessel B
Vessel A
Summary• There is a wide range of outstanding forecast tools.• The Bar Pilots appreciate the continued support of
the NWS, Portland.• NDBC buoy reliability is imperative.• Support efforts for breaking wave bar forecasts.• NOAA and USCG are encouraged to explore solutions
to the increasing trend of dotted line navigation.– i.e. note on charts, paragraph in the Coast Pilot, modify
charted graphics of the improved channel and contours, etc.
“Caution and common sense are continuing requirements
for safe navigation”
U.S. Coast Pilot, Chapter 1