Navi Based User Authentication
Transcript of Navi Based User Authentication
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 1/64
Navi based User Authentication and Proposal of
Movie CAPTCHA Method Using Amodal Completion
A PROJECT REPORT
in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOG
in
!NFOR"AT!ON TECHNOLOG
"A #$%&
8
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 2/64
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
9
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 3/64
ABSTRACT
Te't()a*ed pa**word*+ de*pite their well(,nown draw)a-,*+ remain the dominant u*er
authenti-ation *-heme implemented. Graphi-al pa**word */*tem*+ )a*ed on 0i*ual information
*u-h a* the re-ognition of photograph* and 1 or pi-ture*+ ha0e emerged a* a promi*ing alternati0e
to mitigate relian-e on te't pa**word*. Ne0erthele**+ de*pite the ad0antage* offered the/ ha0e
not )een widel/ u*ed in pra-ti-e in-e man/ open i**ue* need to )e re*ol0ed. !n thi* paper we
propo*e a no0el graphi-al pa**word *-heme+ NA2!+ where the -redential* of the u*er are hi*
u*ername and a pa**word formulated )/ drawing a route on a predefined map. 3e anal/4e the
*trength of the pa**word generated )/ thi* *-heme and pre*ent a protot/pe implementation in
order to illu*trate the fea*i)ilit/ of our propo*al. Finall/+ we di*-u** NA2!5* *e-urit/ feature* and
-ompare it with e'i*ting graphi-al pa**word *-heme* a* well a* te't()a*ed pa**word* in term* of
,e/ *e-urit/ feature*+ *u-h a* pa**word ,e/*pa-e+ di-tionar/ atta-,* and gue**ing atta-,*. The
propo*ed *-heme appear* to ha0e the *ame or )etter performan-e in the ma6orit/ of the *e-urit/
feature* e'amined.
Te't()a*ed pa**word*+ de*pite their well(,nown draw)a-,*+ remain the dominant u*er
authenti-ation *-heme implemented. Graphi-al pa**word */*tem*+ )a*ed on 0i*ual information
*u-h a* the re-ognition of photograph* and 1 or pi-ture*+ ha0e emerged a* a promi*ing alternati0e
to mitigate relian-e on te't pa**word*. Ne0erthele**+ de*pite the ad0antage* offered the/ ha0e
not )een widel/ u*ed in pra-ti-e *in-e man/ open i**ue* need to )e re*ol0ed. !n thi* paper we
propo*e a no0el graphi-al pa**word *-heme+ NA2!+ where the -redential* of the u*er are hi*
u*ername and a pa**word formulated )/ drawing a route on a predefined map. 3e anal/4e the
*trength of the pa**word generated )/ thi* *-heme and pre*ent a protot/pe implementation in
order to illu*trate the fea*i)ilit/ of our propo*al. Finall/+ we di*-u** NA2!5* *e-urit/ feature* and
-ompare it with e'i*ting graphi-al pa**word *-heme* a* well a* te't()a*ed pa**word* in term* of
,e/ *e-urit/ feature*+ *u-h a* pa**word ,e/*pa-e+ di-tionar/ atta-,* and gue**ing atta-,*. The propo*ed *-heme appear* to ha0e the *ame or )etter performan-e in the ma6orit/ of the *e-urit/
feature* e'amined.
10
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 4/64
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS iii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 A)out the Pro6e-t $7
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1 E'i*ting */*tem $8
2.2 Propo*ed */*tem $8
2.3 9/*tem :e*ign %$
3 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
3.1 !ntrodu-tion %#
3.2 Hardware and 9oftware *pe-ifi-ation %#
3.3 Te-hnologie* ;*ed %&
3.4Te-hnologie* ;*ed %&
3.4.1 Ja0a %&
3.4.1.1 !ntrodu-tion to 6a0a %&
3.4.1.2 3or,ing of 6a0a %<
4 SYSTEM DESIGN
3.5 Blo-, :iagram
5 SYSTEM DESIGN – DETAILED
11
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 5/64
5.1 "odule* #=
5.2 "odule e'planation #=
6 CODING AND TESTING
6.1 Coding &%
6.2 Coding *tandard* &%
6.3 Te*t pro-edure &>
6.4 Te*t data and output &<
REFERENCES !
SNAP SHOTS
12
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 6/64
LIST OF FIGURES
4 9/*tem :e*ign
5.2 Pattern* of the peer(peer edge*
5.2 Pattern* of the *er0i-e(pro0ider edge*
5.2 :i*-o0ering mi**ing lin,* in internet
13
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 7/64
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
"D#
Ja0a :e0elopment Tool,it.
"MF Ja0a "edia Framewor, .
TCP Tran*mi**ion Control Proto-ol.
IP !nternet Proto-ol.
HTTP H/per Te't Tran*fer Proto-ol
14
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 8/64
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Ai$%
The main aim of thi* pro6e-t i* to propo*e a na0igation )a*ed u*er authenti-ation */*tem+
failing whi-h di*pla/* a "o0ie CAPTCHA u*ing a fla*h file in whi-h onl/ human* -an pro0ide
-orre-t an*wer* )/ appl/ing amodal -ompletion.
S&'()*i*%
3e) *er0i-e* a--ount* ha0e re-entl/ )een automati-all/ a-?uired in large ?uantitie* )/ )ot(
program*+ whi-h are mali-iou*. Furthermore+ the a-?uired a--ount ha0e )een u*ed for *pamming+
whi-h i* a pro)lem for *er0i-e operator* or !nternet ;*er*.
NA2!+ where the -redential* of the u*er are hi* u*ername and a pa**word formulated )/
drawing a route on a predefined map. Completel/ Automated Pu)li- Turing Te*t* to Tell
Computer* and Human* Apart @CAPTCHA* ha0e generall/ )een adopted for 3e) 9er0i-e* a* a
method of pre0enting 3e) 9er0i-e* a--ount* from )eing a-?uired. The*e are Turing te*t* for u*er*
of 3e) 9er0i-e* to di*tingui*h )etween human* and )ot(program*. There are *e0eral t/pe* of
method* in CAPTCHA*+ )ut the mo*t t/pi-al in thi* field are te't()a*ed.
Thu*+ we propo*e a pra-ti-al method for CAPTCHA in thi* paper in whi-h onl/ human*
-an pro0ide -orre-t an*wer* )/ appl/ing amodal -ompletion.
15
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 9/64
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1 E+ISTING SYSTEM
Completel/ Automated Pu)li- Turing te*t* to tell Computer and Human* Apart
@CAPTCHA* are -urrentl/ u*ed for Turing te*t* in 3e) *er0i-e*. CAPTCHA* in0ol0e a */*tem
u*ed to di*tingui*h human* from -omputer*. The*e */*tem* offer ?ue*tion* that are ea*/ for
human* to an*wer )ut that are diffi-ult for -omputer* to re*pond to. Therefore+ the*e */*tem*
regard u*er* with -orre-t an*wer a* human*. CAPTCHA* are widel/ u*ed for a-?uiring the
a--ount* of 3e) *er0i-e* or writing on )ulletin )oard* and )log*. Te't()a*ed CAPTCHA*
repre*ent general method*.
Te't()a*ed CAPTCHA* in0ol0e */*tem* to ma,e u*er* read -hara-ter* and input the*e into
a te't )o'. Te't()a*ed CAPTCHA* ha0e made anal/*i* )/ -omputer* diffi-ult. Howe0er+ te't(
)a*ed CAPTCHA* ha0e )e-ome ea*/ to )rea, due to ad0an-e* in OCR te-hnolog/ and impro0ed
de-oding algorithm*. :i*tortion and noi*e ha0e )een *trengthened to mitigate thi* pro)lem )ut thi*
ha* re*ulted in in-rea*ing the load on u*er*.
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Completel/ Automated Pu)li- Turing te*t* to tell Computer and Human* Apart @CAPTCHA* are
-urrentl/ u*ed for Turing te*t* in 3e) *er0i-e*. CAPTCHA* in0ol0e a */*tem u*ed to di*tingui*h human*
from -omputer*. The*e */*tem* offer ?ue*tion* that are ea*/ for human* to an*wer )ut that are diffi-ult for
-omputer* to re*pond to. Therefore+ the*e */*tem* regard u*er* with -orre-t an*wer a* human*. CAPTCHA*
are widel/ u*ed for a-?uiring the a--ount* of 3e) *er0i-e* or writing on )ulletin )oard* and )log*. Te't( )a*ed CAPTCHA* repre*ent general method*.
Te't()a*ed CAPTCHA* in0ol0e */*tem* to ma,e u*er* read -hara-ter* and input the*e into a te't
)o'. Te't()a*ed CAPTCHA* ha0e made anal/*i* )/ -omputer* diffi-ult. Howe0er+ te't()a*ed CAPTCHA*
16
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 10/64
ha0e )e-ome ea*/ to )rea, due to ad0an-e* in OCR te-hnolog/ and impro0ed de-oding algorithm*.
:i*tortion and noi*e ha0e )een *trengthened to mitigate thi* pro)lem )ut thi* ha* re*ulted in in-rea*ing the
load on u*er*.
CHAPTER 3
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The re?uirement* *pe-ifi-ation i* a te-hni-al *pe-ifi-ation of re?uirement* for the
*oftware produ-t*. !t i* the fir*t *tep in the re?uirement* anal/*i* pro-e** it li*t* the re?uirement*
of a parti-ular *oftware */*tem in-luding fun-tional+ performan-e and *e-urit/ re?uirement*. The
re?uirement* al*o pro0ide u*age *-enario* from a u*er+ an operational and an admini*trati0e
per*pe-ti0e. The purpo*e of *oftware re?uirement* *pe-ifi-ation i* to pro0ide a detailed o0er0iew
of the *oftware pro6e-t+ it* parameter* and goal*. Thi* de*-ri)e* the pro6e-t target audien-e and
it* u*er interfa-e+ hardware and *oftware re?uirement*. !t define* how the -lient+ team and
audien-e *ee the pro6e-t and it* fun-tionalit/.
3.2 HARD,ARE AND SOFT,ARE SPECIFICATION
3.2.1 HARD,ARE REQUIREMENTS
Hard :i*, 7$ GB and a)o0e.
RA" % GB and a)o0e.
Pro-e**or Pentium !2 and a)o0e.
3i(Fi Router.
17
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 11/64
3.2.2 SOFT,ARE REQUIREMENTS
Ja0a %.=.$#>
Tom-at D.$.%#
J*p+ 9er0let*
9trut* %.#
Ora-le %$g
3.5 TECHNOLOGIES USED
3.5.1 "AVA
!t i* a Platform !ndependent. Ja0a i* an o)6e-t(oriented programming language de0eloped
initiall/ )/ Jame* Go*ling and -olleague* at 9un "i-ro*/*tem*. The language+ initiall/ -alled
Oa, @named after the oa, tree* out*ide Go*ling* offi-e+ wa* intended to repla-e C+ although
the feature *et )etter re*em)le* that of O)6e-ti0e C.
3.5.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO "AVA
Ja0a ha* )een around *in-e %88%+ de0eloped )/ a *mall team of 9un "i-ro*/*tem*
de0eloper* in a pro6e-t originall/ -alled the Green pro6e-t. The intent of the pro6e-t wa* to
de0elop a platform(independent *oftware te-hnolog/ that would )e u*ed in the -on*umer
ele-troni-* indu*tr/. The language that the team -reated wa* originall/ -alled Oa,.
The fir*t implementation of Oa, wa* in a P:A(t/pe de0i-e -alled 9tar 9e0en @D that
-on*i*ted of the Oa, language+ an operating */*tem -alled GreenO9+ a u*er interfa-e+ and
hardware. The name D wa* deri0ed from the telephone *e?uen-e that wa* u*ed in the team*
offi-e and that wa* dialed in order to an*wer an/ ringing telephone from an/ other phone in the
offi-e.
18
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 12/64
Around the time the Fir*t Per*on pro6e-t wa* floundering in -on*umer ele-troni-*+ a
new -ra4e wa* gaining momentum in Ameri-a the -ra4e wa* -alled I3e) *urfing.I The 3orld
3ide 3e)+ a name applied to the !nternet* million* of lin,ed HT"L do-ument* wa* *uddenl/
)e-oming popular for u*e )/ the ma**e*. The rea*on for thi* wa* the introdu-tion of a graphi-al
3e) )row*er -alled "o*ai-+ de0eloped )/ n-9A. The )row*er *implified 3e) )row*ing )/
-om)ining te't and graphi-* into a *ingle interfa-e to eliminate the need for u*er* to learn man/
-onfu*ing ;N! and :O9 -ommand*. Na0igating around the 3e) wa* mu-h ea*ier u*ing
"o*ai-.
!t ha* onl/ )een *in-e %88> that Oa, te-hnolog/ ha* )een applied to the 3e). !n %88>+
two 9un de0eloper* -reated the fir*t 0er*ion of Hot Ja0a+ and then -alled 3e) Runner+ whi-h i* a
graphi-al )row*er for the 3e) that e'i*t* toda/. The )row*er wa* -oded entirel/ in the Oa,
language+ )/ thi* time -alled Ja0a. 9oon after+ the Ja0a -ompiler wa* rewritten in the Ja0a
language from it* original C -ode+ thu* pro0ing that Ja0a -ould )e u*ed effe-ti0el/ a* an
appli-ation language. 9un introdu-ed Ja0a in "a/ %88< at the 9un 3orld 8< -on0ention.
3e) *urfing ha* )e-ome an enormou*l/ popular pra-ti-e among million* of
-omputer u*er*. ;ntil Ja0a+ howe0er+ the -ontent of information on the !nternet ha* )een a )land
*erie* of HT"L do-ument*. 3e) u*er* are hungr/ for appli-ation* that are intera-ti0e+ that u*er*
-an e'e-ute no matter what hardware or *oftware platform the/ are u*ing+ and that tra0el a-ro**
heterogeneou* networ,* and do not *pread 0iru*e* to their -omputer*. Ja0a -an -reate *u-h
appli-ation*.
19
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 13/64
3.3.1.1 ,OR#ING OF "AVA
For tho*e who are new to o)6e-t(oriented programming+ the -on-ept of a -la** will )e
new to /ou. 9impli*ti-all/+ a -la** i* the definition for a *egment of -ode that -an -ontain
)oth data @-alled attri)ute* and fun-tion* @-alled method*.
3hen the interpreter e'e-ute* a -la**+ it loo,* for a parti-ular method )/ the name of
$-i' whi-h will *ound familiar to C programmer*. The main method i* pa**ed a* a
parameter an arra/ of *tring* @*imilar to the arg0K of C+ and i* de-lared a* a *tati- method.
To output te't from the program+ we e'e-ute the )/i'0' method of S&*0$.(0 whi-h i*
6a0a5* output *tream. ;N! u*er* will appre-iate the thoer/ )ehind *u-h a *tream+ a* it i*
a-tuall/ *tandard output. For tho*e who are in*tead u*ed to the 3intel platform+ it will write
the *tring pa**ed to it to the u*er5* program.
Ja0a -on*i*t* of two thing*
Programming language
platform
3.3.1.2 THE "AVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Ja0a i* a high(le0el programming language that i* all of the following
9imple
O)6e-t(oriented
:i*tri)uted
20
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 14/64
!nterpreted
Ro)u*t
9e-ure
Ar-hite-ture(neutral
Porta)le
High(performan-e
"ultithreaded
:/nami-
The -ode and -an )ring a)out -hange* whene0er felt ne-e**ar/. 9ome of the *tandard needed
to a-hie0e the a)o0e(mentioned o)6e-ti0e* are a* follow*
Ja0a i* unu*ual in that ea-h Ja0a program i* )oth -o implied and interpreted. 3ith a -ompiler+
/ou tran*late a Ja0a program into an intermediate language -alled "-- &0 (7* M the
platform independent -ode* interpreted )/ the Ja0a interpreter. 3ith an interpreter+ ea-h Ja0a
)/te -ode in*tru-tion i* par*ed and run on the -omputer. Compilation happen* 6u*t on-e
interpretation o--ur* ea-h time the program i* e'e-uted. Thi* figure illu*trate* how it wor,*
21
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 15/64
Fi8.3.1
ou -an thin, of Ja0a )/te -ode* a* the ma-hine -ode in*tru-tion* for the "-- Vi/0-
M-9i' :"VM;. E0er/ Ja0a interpreter+ whether it5* a Ja0a de0elopment tool or a 3e)
)row*er that -an run Ja0a applet*+ i* an implementation of J2". That J2" -an al*o )e
implemented in hardware. Ja0a )/te -ode* help ma,e write on-e+ run an/where po**i)le.
ou -an -ompile /our Ja0a program into )/te -ode* on an/ platform that ha* a Ja0a
-ompiler. The )/te -ode* -an then )e run on an/ implementation of the J2m. For e'ample+ that
*ame Ja0a program -an e run on 3indow* NT+ 9olari* and "a-into*
22
Ja0a program Complier
!nterpreter !nterpreter !nterpreter
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 16/64
PC<C($)-0i S' U0/- S(-/i* P(=/ $-i'0(*9
,i'7(=* NT S&*0$ !
3.3.1.3 THE "AVA PLATFORM
A platform i* the hardware or *oftware en0ironment in whi-h a program run*. The Ja0a
platform differ* from mo*t other platform* in that it5* a *oftware(onl/ platform that run* on top
of other+ hardware()a*ed platform*. "o*t other platform* are de*-ri)ed a* a -om)ination of
hardware and operating */*tem.
The Ja0a platform ha* two -omponent* :
The Ja0a 2irtual "a-hine @J2"
The Ja0a Appli-ation Programming !nterfa-e @Ja0a AP!
ou50e alread/ )een introdu-ed to the J2". !t5* the )a*e for the Ja0a platform and i*
ported onto 0ariou* hardware()a*ed platform*.
The Ja0a AP! i* a large -olle-tion of read/(made *oftware -omponent* that pro0ide man/
u*eful -apa)ilitie*+ *u-h a* graphi-al u*er interfa-e @G;! widget*. The Ja0a AP! i* grouped into
23
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 17/64
li)rarie* :)->-8*; of related -omponent*. The following figure depi-t* a Ja0a program+ *u-h a*
an appli-ation or applet+ that5* running on the Ja0a platform. A* the figure *how*+ the Ja0a AP!
and 2irtual "a-hine in*ulate* the Ja0a program from hardware dependen-ie*.
Fig.&.&
A* a platform(independent en0ironment+ Ja0a -an )e a )it *lower than nati0e -ode.
Howe0er+ *mart -omplier*+ weel(tuned interpreter*+ and 6u*t(in(time )/te -ompliler* -an )ring
Ja0a5* performan-e -lo*e to that of nati0e -ode without threatening prota)ilit/.
3.5.1.2 ,OR#ING OF "AVA
For tho*e who are new to o)6e-t(oriented programming+ the -on-ept of a -la** will
)e new to /ou. 9impli*ti-all/+ a -la** i* the definition for a *egment of -ode that -an -ontain )oth
data and fun-tion*.
3hen the interpreter e'e-ute* a -la**+ it loo,* for a parti-ular method )/ the name of
$-i' whi-h will *ound familiar to C programmer*. The main method i* pa**ed a* a parameter
an arra/ of *tring* @*imilar to the arg0K of C+ and i* de-lared a* a *tati- method.
To output te't from the program+ we e'e-ute the )/i'0' method of S&*0$.(0
whi-h i* 6a0a5* output *tream. ;N! u*er* will appre-iate the theor/ )ehind *u-h a *tream+ a* it
24
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 18/64
i* a-tuall/ *tandard output. For tho*e who are in*tead u*ed to the 3intel platform+ it will write
the *tring pa**ed to it to the u*er5* program.
3.3.4 APACHE TOMCAT SERVER
Apa-he Tom-at @formerl/ under the Apa-he Ja,arta Pro6e-t Tom-at i* now a top le0el
pro6e-t i* a we) -ontainer de0eloped at the Apa-he 9oftware Foundation. Tom-at implement*
the *er0let and the Ja0a9er0er Page* @J9P *pe-ifi-ation* from 9un "i-ro*/*tem*+ pro0iding an
en0ironment for Ja0a -ode to run in -ooperation with a we) *er0er. !t add* tool* for -onfiguration
and management )ut -an al*o )e -onfigured )/ editing -onfiguration file* that are normall/
"L(formatted. Be-au*e Tom-at in-lude* it* own HTTP *er0er internall/+ it i* al*o -on*idered a
*tandalone we) *er0er.
E'i/('$'0
Tom-at i* a we) *er0er that *upport* *er0let* and J9P*. Tom-at -ome* with the Ja*per -ompiler
that -ompile* J9P* into *er0let*.
The Tom-at *er0let engine i* often u*ed in -om)ination with an Apa-he we) *er0er or other we)
*er0er*. Tom-at -an al*o fun-tion a* an independent we) *er0er. Earlier in it* de0elopment+ the
per-eption e'i*ted that *tandalone Tom-at wa* onl/ *uita)le for de0elopment en0ironment* and
other en0ironment* with minimal re?uirement* for *peed and tran*a-tion handling. Howe0er+ that
per-eption no longer e'i*t* Tom-at i* in-rea*ingl/ u*ed a* a *tandalone we) *er0er in high(
traffi-+ high(a0aila)ilit/ en0ironment*.
9in-e it* de0eloper* wrote Tom-at in Ja0a+ it run* on an/ operating */*tem that ha* a J2".
25
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 19/64
P/(70 ?-0/*
Tom-at &.' @initial relea*e
• implement* the 9er0let #.# and J9P %.% *pe-ifi-ation*
• *er0let reloading
• )a*i- HTTP fun-tionalit/ Tom-at >.'
• implement* the 9er0let #.& and J9P %.# *pe-ifi-ation*
• *er0let -ontainer rede*igned a* Catalina
• J9P engine rede*igned a* Ja*per
• Co/ote -onne-tor
• Ja0a "anagement E'ten*ion* @J"+ J9P and 9trut*()a*ed admini*tration
Tom-at <.'
• implement* the 9er0let #.> and J9P #.$ *pe-ifi-ation*
• redu-ed gar)age -olle-tion+ impro0ed performan-e and *-ala)ilit/
• nati0e 3indow* and ;ni' wrapper* for platform integration
• fa*ter J9P paring
Hi*0(/&
Tom-at *tarted off a* a *er0let *pe-ifi-ation implementation )/ Jame* :un-an :a0id*on+ a
26
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 20/64
*oftware ar-hite-t at 9un. He later helped ma,e the pro6e-t open *our-e and pla/ed a ,e/ role in
it* donation )/ 9un to the Apa-he 9oftware Foundation.
:a0id*on had initiall/ hoped that the pro6e-t would )e-ome open(*our-ed and+ *in-e mo*t
open(*our-e pro6e-t* had OReill/ )oo,* a**o-iated with them featuring an animal on the -o0er+
he wanted to name the pro6e-t after an animal. He -ame up with Tom-at *in-e he rea*oned the
animal repre*ented *omething that -ould ta,e -are of and fend for it*elf. Hi* wi*h to *ee an
animal -o0er e0entuall/ -ame true when OReill/ pu)li*hed their Tom-at )oo, with a tom-at on
the -o0er
I'0/(70i(' 0( O/-
3here do we *tart One of the pro)lem* in -omprehending a ma**i0e produ-t *u-h
a* the Ora-le data)a*e i* the diffi-ult/ of getting a good *en*e of how the produ-t wor,* without
getting lo*t in the detail* of implementing *pe-ifi- *olution*. Thi* )oo, aim* to *ol0e thi*
pro)lem )/ gi0ing /ou a thorough grounding in the -on-ept* and te-hnologie* that form the
foundation of the Ora-le :ata)a*e 9er0er. Ora-le al*o pro0ide* an Appli-ation 9er0er and
)u*ine** appli-ation*+ in-luding the E(Bu*ine** 9uite and the Ora-le Colla)oration 9uite+ whi-h
are out*ide the *-ope of the main )od/ of thi* )oo,. 3e50e tried to write a )oo, for a wide range
of Ora-le u*er*+ from the no0i-e to the e'perien-ed u*er. To addre** thi* range of u*er*+ we50e
fo-u*ed on the -on-ept* and te-hnolog/ )ehind the Ora-le data)a*e. On-e /ou full/ under*tand
the*e fa-et* of the produ-t+ /ou5ll )e a)le to handle the parti-ular* of 0irtuall/ an/ t/pe of Ora-le
data)a*e. 3ithout thi* under*tanding+ /ou ma/ feel o0er)urdened a* /ou tr/ to -onne-t the dot*
of Ora-le5* 0oluminou* feature *et and do-umentation.
Thi* fir*t -hapter la/* the groundwor, for the re*t of the di*-u**ion* in thi* )oo,.
Of all the -hapter*+ it -o0er* the )roade*t range of topi-* mo*t of the*e are di*-u**ed further later
in the )oo,+ )ut *ome of the )a*i-*Qfor e'ample+ the )rief hi*tor/ of Ora-le and the -ontent* of
the different fla0or* of the Ora-le data)a*e produ-t* are uni?ue to thi* -hapter.
Ora-le ha* grown from it* hum)le )eginning* a* one of a num)er of data)a*e* a0aila)le
in the %8D$* to the mar,et leader of toda/. !n it* earl/ da/*+ Ora-le Corporation wa* ,nown more
a* an aggre**i0e *ale* and promotion organi4ation than a te-hnolog/ *upplier. O0er the /ear*+ the
27
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 21/64
Ora-le data)a*e ha* grown in depth and ?ualit/+ and it* te-hni-al -apa)ilitie* now are generall/
re-ogni4ed a* the mo*t ad0an-ed. 3ith ea-h relea*e+ Ora-le ha* added more power and feature*
to it* alread/ *olid )a*e while impro0ing the managea)ilit/.
O/-!i
Ora-le7i+ relea*ed in %888+ added a new twi*t to the Ora-le data)a*eQa -om)ination
of enhan-ement* that made the Ora-le7i data)a*e the fo-al point of the world of !nternet @the i in
7i -omputing.
O/-@i
Ora-le8i+ relea*ed in #$$%+ introdu-ed Real Appli-ation Clu*ter* a* a repla-ement for
Ora-le Parallel 9er0er+ and added man/ management and data warehou*ing feature*.
O/- D-0--* 18
Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g+ relea*ed in #$$& and the -urrent relea*e+ ena)le* grid @the g in %$g
-omputing. A grid i* *impl/ a pool of -omputer* that pro0ide* needed re*our-e* for appli-ation*
on an a*(needed )a*i*. The goal i* to pro0ide -omputing re*our-e* that tran*parentl/ *-ale to the
u*er -ommunit/+ mu-h a* an ele-tri-al utilit/ -ompan/ -an deli0er power to meet pea, demand
)/ a--e**ing energ/ from other power pro0ider*5 plant* 0ia a power grid. Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g
further redu-e* the time+ -o*t+ and -omple'it/ of data)a*e management through the introdu-tion
of *elf(managing feature* *u-h a* the Automated :ata)a*e :iagno*ti- "onitor+ Automated
9hared "emor/ Tuning+ Automated 9torage "anagement+ and Automated :i*, Ba*ed Ba-,up
and Re-o0er/. One important ,e/ to Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g5* u*efulne** in grid -omputing i* the
a)ilit/ to pro0i*ion
28
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 22/64
CPU* -'7 7-0-.
Before we di0e into the *pe-ifi- foundation* of the*e relea*e*+ we mu*t *pend a little time
de*-ri)ing *ome Ora-le )a*i-*Qhow data)a*e* e0ol0ed to arri0e at the relational model+ a )rief
hi*tor/ of Ora-le Corporation+ and an introdu-tion to the )a*i- feature* and -onfiguration* of thedata)a*e.
T9 O/- F-$i&
Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g :ata)a*e 9er0er de*-ri)e* the mo*t re-ent ma6or 0er*ion of
the Ora-le Relational :ata)a*e "anagement 9/*tem @R:B"9 famil/ of produ-t* that *hare
-ommon *our-e -ode. Thi* famil/ in-lude*
• Per*onal Ora-le+ a data)a*e for *ingle u*er* that5* often u*ed to de0elop -ode for
implementation on other Ora-le multiu*er data)a*e*
• Ora-le 9tandard Edition+ whi-h wa* named 3or,group 9er0er in it* fir*t iteration
a* part of the Ora-leD famil/ and i* *ometime* *impl/ referred to a* Ora-le 9er0er
• Ora-le Enterpri*e Edition+ whi-h in-lude* all 9tandard Edition fun-tionalit/ and
additional fun-tionalit/
• Ora-le Lite+ u*ed primaril/ for mo)ile appli-ation*
Ora-le7 wa* introdu-ed in %88D with larger *i4e limitation* and management
feature*+ *u-h a* partitioning+ aimed at 0er/ large data)a*e implementation*. !n %887+ Ora-le
announ-ed Ora-le7i+ whi-h i* *ometime* referred to a* 2er*ion 7.% of the Ora-le7 data)a*e. The i
wa* added to denote added fun-tionalit/ *upporting !nternet deplo/ment in the new 0er*ion.
Ora-le8i followed+ with Appli-ation 9er0er a0aila)le in #$$$ and :ata)a*e 9er0er in #$$%.
Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g wa* introdu-ed in #$$& the g denote* Ora-le5* fo-u* on emerging grid
deplo/ment model*. The term* Ora-le+ Ora-le7+ Ora-le7i+ Ora-le8i and Ora-le :ata)a*e %$g @or
Ora-le%$g might appear to )e u*ed *omewhat inter-hangea)l/ in thi* )oo,+ )e-au*e Ora-le
:ata)a*e %$g in-lude* all the feature* of pre0iou* 0er*ion*. 3hen we de*-ri)e a new feature that
wa* fir*t made a0aila)le *pe-ifi-all/ in -ertain relea*e*+ we50e tried to note that fa-t to a0oid
29
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 23/64
-onfu*ion+ re-ogni4ing that man/ of /ou ma/ ha0e old relea*e* of Ora-le. 3e t/pi-all/ u*e the
*imple term Ora-le when de*-ri)ing feature* that are -ommon to all the*e relea*e*.
Ora-le ha* fo-u*ed de0elopment around a *ingle *our-e -ode model *in-e %87&.
3hile ea-h data)a*e implementation in-lude* *ome operating */*temM*pe-ifi- *our-e -ode at
0er/ low le0el* in order to )etter le0erage *pe-ifi- platform*+ the interfa-e* that u*er*+
de0eloper*+ and admini*trator* deal with for ea-h 0er*ion are -on*i*tent. Be-au*e feature* are
-on*i*tent a-ro** platform* for implementation* of Ora-le 9tandard Edition and Ora-le
Enterpri*e Edition+ -ompanie* -an migrate Ora-le appli-ation* ea*il/ to 0ariou* hardware
0endor* and operating */*tem* while le0eraging their in0e*tment* in Ora-le te-hnolog/. Thi*
de0elopment *trateg/ al*o ena)le* Ora-le to fo-u* on implementing new feature* onl/ on-e in it*
produ-t *et+ in*tead of ha0ing to add fun-tionalit/ at different time* to different implementation*.
O/- S0-'7-/7 E7i0i('
Ora-le 9tandard Edition refer* to a *pe-ifi- data)a*e offering+ on-e ,nown a*
3or,group 9er0er. From a fun-tionalit/ and pri-ing *tandpoint+ thi* produ-t intend* to -ompete
in the entr/(le0el multiu*er and *mall data)a*e -ategor/+ *upporting *maller num)er* of u*er*.
The*e relea*e* are a0aila)le toda/ on 3indow* and ;ni' platform* *u-h a* HP Compa?+ HP1;+
!B" A!+ Linu'+ and 9un 9olari*.
O/- E'0/)/i* E7i0i('
Ora-le Enterpri*e Edition i* aimed at larger(*-ale implementation* that re?uire
additional feature*. Enterpri*e Edition i* a0aila)le on far more platform* than the Ora-le relea*e
for wor,group* and in-lude* ad0an-ed management+ networ,ing+ programming+ and data
warehou*ing feature*+ a* well a* a 0ariet/ of *pe-ial(purpo*e option*+ *u-h a* -lu*tering+ whi-h
are a0aila)le at e'tra -o*t.
Thi* i* the Title of the Boo,+ e"atter Edition
Copyright © 2004 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
30
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 24/64
O/- P/*('- E7i0i('
Ora-le Per*onal Edition i* the *ingle(u*er 0er*ion of Ora-le Enterpri*e Edition.
Per*onal Edition i* mo*t fre?uentl/ u*ed for de0elopment on a *ingle ma-hine. Be-au*e the
feature* mat-h tho*e of Enterpri*e Edition+ a de0eloper -an write appli-ation* u*ing the Per*onalEdition and deplo/ them to multi(u*er *er0er*. 9ome -ompanie* deplo/ *ingle(u*er appli-ation*
u*ing thi* produ-t. Howe0er+ Ora-le Lite offer* a mu-h more lightweight mean* of deplo/ing the
*ame appli-ation*.
O/- Li0
Ora-le Lite+ on-e ,nown a* Ora-le "o)ile+ i* intended for *ingle u*er* who are u*ing
wirele**1mo)ile de0i-e*. !t differ* from other mem)er* of the Ora-le data)a*e famil/ in that it
doe*n5t u*e the *ame data)a*e engine. !n*tead+ Ora-le de0eloped a lightweight engine -ompati)le
with the limited memor/ and *torage -apa-it/ of handheld de0i-e*. Ora-le Lite i* de*-ri)ed in
more detail at the end of thi* -hapter. Be-au*e the 9L *upported )/ Ora-le Lite i* largel/ the
*ame a* the 9L for other Ora-le data)a*e*+ /ou -an run appli-ation* de0eloped for tho*e
data)a*e engine* u*ing Ora-le Lite. Repli-ation of data )etween Ora-le Lite and other Ora-le
0er*ion* i* a ,e/ part of mo*t implementation*. Ta)le %(# *ummari4e* the *ituation* in whi-h /ou
would t/pi-all/ u*e ea-h data)a*e produ-t. 3e50e u*ed the Ora-le produ-t name* to refer to the
different mem)er* of the Ora-le data)a*e famil/.
"-- ?-0/* -'7 ()0i('*
Ora-le7i introdu-ed the u*e of Ja0a a* a pro-edural language with a Ja0a 2irtual "a-hine
@J2" in the data)a*e @originall/ -alled J9er0er. J2" in-lude* *upport for Ja0a *tored
pro-edure*+ method*+ trigger*+ Enterpri*e Ja0aBean*S @EJB*+ CORBA+ and HTTP. The
A--elerator i* u*ed for pro6e-t generation+ tran*lation+ and -ompilation+ and -an al*o )e u*ed to
deplo/1in*tall *hared li)rarie*. The in-lu*ion of Ja0a within the Ora-le data)a*e allow* Ja0a
de0eloper* to le0erage their *,ill* a* Ora-le appli-ation de0eloper*. Ja0a appli-ation* -an )e
deplo/ed in the -lient+ Appli-ation 9er0er+ or data)a*e+ depending on what i* mo*t appropriate.
31
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 25/64
Ora-le data warehou*ing option* for OLAP and data mining pro0ide a Ja0a AP!. The*e
appli-ation* are t/pi-all/ -u*tom )uilt u*ing Ora-le5* J:e0eloper.
+TVi=
A multimedia home platform+ or "PH+ i* an intera-ti0e digital tele0i*ion middleware
*/*tem that allow* the re-eption and e'e-ution of intera-ti0e Ja0a appli-ation* on a tele0i*ion
*et. !ntera-ti0e tele0i*ion+ al*o ,nown a* !T2+ ena)le* people to not onl/ 0iew tele0i*ion )ut al*o
intera-t with it* -ontent. The a-ti0itie* that u*er* -an intera-t with in-lude information *er0i-e*+
game*+ 0oting+ e(mail+ 9"9 or *hopping. "HP appli-ation* ma/ ma,e u*e of an additional
return -hannel that *upport* !nternet Proto-ol.
"PH -ome* in two pre*entation*+ :2B(HT"L appli-ation* and the more popular :2B(J
appli-ation*+ al*o ,nown a* let*. An let interfa-e allow* an e'ternal *our-e to initiate and halt
an appli-ation. Thi* a)ilit/ i* -ru-ial for a *et(top )o' en0ironment+ whi-h in turn i* an e**ential
-omponent of intera-ti0e tele0i*ion.
let* u*uall/ re?uire a )rief manual on how to in*tall the *oftware and how it wor,*. !t
de*-ri)e* detail* a)out the late*t 0er*ion of the *oftware+ the $.&.=.+ although there ha0e )een
plan* to -hange the feature* and how the/ wor,.)r 1U)r 1UThe manual t/pi-all/ tal,* a)out the
dire-tor/ *tru-ture one *hould get when downloading and un4ipping the file+ a)out how to *tart
the *oftware+ how to run it+ a)out the remote -ontrol+ the *hort-ut ,e/* and the *etting* file. The
information i* meant to help an/ new u*er to *tart u*ing the emulator+ )ut more information -an
al*o )e found online+ e*pe-iall/ related to -omponent* and trou)le*hooting an/ pro)lem*.
C('?i8/i'8 +TVi=
C('?i8/i'8 09 9-''* 09-0 -/ --i-
An/ T2 will ha0e a li*t of -hannel* a0aila)le+ and leT2iew al*o offer* thi*
fun-tionalit/. ;nli,e a real T2+ /ou need to tell it what -hannel* are a0aila)le and /ou -an do thi*
)/ editing the -onfig1-hannel*.'mlfile. The default 0er*ion of thi* file loo,* li,e thi*
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<CH!!#S>
<CH!!#>
32
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 26/64
<!$>0<%!$>
<$&I>con'ig%de'()l*+g.,g<%$&I>
<%CH!!#>
<%CH!!#S>
A* /ou -an *ee+ ea-h -hannel definition -on*i*t* of two part*. The NA"EU element
-ontain* the -hannel name or num)er that will )e a**igned to thi* -hannel. The
"E:!AU element tell*.
leT2iew what it *hould di*pla/ in the )a-,ground when that -hannel i* *ele-ted. Thi*
-an either )e a JPEG image @whi-h *hould )e D#$ pi'el* wide )/ <D= pi'el* high or it -an )e an
A2! file if /ou prefer a mo0ing )a-,ground. Plea*e note that onl/ *ome t/pe* of A2! file are
*upported ( *ee the *e-tion on u*ing 0ideo with leT2iew for more detail*.
3hen /ou fir*t *tart leT2iew+ it will di*pla/ the -hannel li*ted fir*t in the -hannel*.'ml
file. !n 0er*ion $.&.= of leT2iew it i* not po**i)le to -hange the -hannel u*ing the ,e/* on the
remote.
I'0/(70i(' TO "SP
Ja0a 9er0er Page* or J9P for *hort i* 9un* *olution for de0eloping d/nami- we) *ite*.
J9P pro0ide e'-ellent *er0er *ide *-ripting *upport for -reating data)a*e dri0en we) appli-ation*.
J9P ena)le the de0eloper* to dire-tl/ in*ert 6a0a -ode into 6*p file+ thi* ma,e* the de0elopment
pro-e** 0er/ *imple and it* maintenan-e al*o )e-ome* 0er/ ea*/. J9P page* are effi-ient+ it load*
into the we) *er0er* memor/ on re-ei0ing the re?ue*t 0er/ fir*t time and the *u)*e?uent -all*
are *er0ed within a 0er/ *hort period of time.
!n toda/* en0ironment mo*t we) *ite* *er0er* d/nami- page* )a*ed on u*er re?ue*t.
:ata)a*e i* 0er/ -on0enient wa/ to *tore the data of u*er* and other thing*. J:BC pro0idee'-ellent data)a*e -onne-ti0it/ in heterogeneou* data)a*e en0ironment. ;*ing J9P and J:BC it*
0er/ ea*/ to de0elop data)a*e dri0en we) appli-ation.
Ja0a i* ,nown for it* -hara-teri*ti- of Iwrite on-e+ run an/where.I J9P page* are platform
independent. our port /our .6*p page* to an/ platform.
33
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 27/64
T9 Li? C& (? - "SP P-8
A J9P page *er0i-e* re?ue*t* a* a *er0let. Thu*+ the life -/-le and man/ of the -apa)ilitie*
of J9P page* @in parti-ular the d/nami- a*pe-t* are determined )/ Ja0a 9er0let te-hnolog/ and
mu-h of the di*-u**ion in thi* -hapter refer* to fun-tion* de*-ri)ed in Chapter %$.
3hen a re?ue*t i* mapped to a J9P page+ it i* handled )/ a *pe-ial *er0let that fir*t -he-,*
whether the J9P page* *er0let i* older than the J9P page. !f it i*+ it tran*late* the J9P page into a
*er0let -la** and -ompile* the -la**. :uring de0elopment+ one of the ad0antage* of J9P page*
o0er *er0let* i* that the )uild pro-e** i* performed automati-all/.
T/-'*-0i(' -'7 C($)i-0i('
:uring the tran*lation pha*e+ ea-h t/pe of data in a J9P page i* treated differentl/.
Template data i* tran*formed into -ode that will emit the data into the *tream that return* data to
the -lient. J9P element* are treated a* follow*
• :ire-ti0e* are u*ed to -ontrol how the 3e) -ontainer tran*late* and e'e-ute* the J9P
page.
• 9-ripting element* are in*erted into the J9P page* *er0let -la**. 9ee J9P 9-ripting
Element* for detail*.
• Element* of the form 6*p XXX ... 1U are -on0erted into method -all* to Ja0aBean*
-omponent* or in0o-ation* of the Ja0a 9er0let AP!.
For a J9P page named pageName+ the *our-e for a J9P page* *er0let i* ,ept in the file
J2EE_HOME 1repo*itor/1host 1we)1
context_root/ $$$#f pageName 6*p.6a0a
For e'ample+ the *our-e for the inde' page @named index.,s for the d(*e lo-ali4ation
e'ample di*-u**ed at the )eginning of the -hapter would )e named
34
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 28/64
J2EE_HOME 1repo*itor/1host 1we)1date1$$$#finde'6*p.6a0a
Both the tran*lation and -ompilation pha*e* -an /ield error* that are onl/ o)*er0ed when
the page i* re?ue*ted for the fir*t time. !f an error o--ur* while the page i* )eing tran*lated @for
e'ample+ if the tran*lator en-ounter* a malformed J9P element+ the *er0er will return
a (rsexce*ion+ and the *er0let -la** *our-e file will )e empt/ or in-omplete. The la*t
in-omplete line will gi0e a pointer to the in-orre-t J9P element.
!f an error o--ur* while the J9P page i* )eing -ompiled @for e'ample+ there i* a */nta' error in a
*-riptlet+ the *er0er will return a /(serxce*ion and a me**age that in-lude* the name of the
J9P page* *er0let and the line where the error o--urred.
On-e the page ha* )een tran*lated and -ompiled+ the J9P page* *er0let for the mo*t part follow*
the *er0let life -/-le de*-ri)ed in the *e-tion 9er0let Life C/-le
%. !f an in*tan-e of the J9P page* *er0let doe* not e'i*t+ the -ontainer
a. Load* the J9P page* *er0let -la**
). !n*tantiate* an in*tan-e of the *er0let -la**
-. !nitiali4e* the *er0let in*tan-e )/ -alling the 6*p!nit method
2. !n0o,e* the 6*p9er0i-e method+ pa**ing a re?ue*t and re*pon*e o)6e-t.
!f the -ontainer need* to remo0e the J9P page* *er0let+ it -all* the ,s&es*ro method.
E0i('
ou -an -ontrol 0ariou* J9P page e'e-ution parameter* u*ing )/ (ge dire-ti0e*. The dire-ti0e*
that pertain to )uffering output and handling error* are di*-u**ed here. Other dire-ti0e* are
-o0ered in the -onte't of *pe-ifi- page authoring ta*,* throughout the -hapter.
35
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 29/64
B??/i'8
3hen a J9P page i* e'e-uted+ output written to the re*pon*e o)6e-t i* automati-all/ )uffered.
ou -an *et the *i4e of the )uffer with the following (ge dire-ti0e
VW page )ufferXInoneY xxx,)I VU
A larger )uffer allow* more -ontent to )e written )efore an/thing i* a-tuall/ *ent )a-, to the
-lient+ thu* pro0iding the J9P page with more time to *et appropriate *tatu* -ode* and header* or
to forward to another 3e) re*our-e. A *maller )uffer de-rea*e* *er0er memor/ load and allow*
the -lient to *tart re-ei0ing data more ?ui-,l/.
H-'7i'8 E//(/*
An/ num)er of e'-eption* -an ari*e when a J9P page i* e'e-uted. To *pe-if/ that the 3e)
-ontainer *hould forward -ontrol to an error page if an e'-eption o--ur*+ in-lude the
following page dire-ti0e at the )eginning of /our J9P page
VW page errorPageXIfilenameI VU
The :u,e* Boo,*tore appli-ation page initde*tro/.6*p -ontain* the dire-ti0e
VW page errorPageXIerrorpage.6*pIVU
The )eginning of errorpage.6*p indi-ate* that it i* *er0ing a* an error page with the
following page dire-ti0e
VW page i*ErrorPageXItrueYfal*eI VU
Thi* dire-ti0e ma,e* the e'-eption o)6e-t @of t/pe 6a0a'.*er0let.6*p.J*pE'-eption a0aila)le to
the error page+ *o that /ou -an retrie0e+ interpret+ and po**i)l/ di*pla/ information a)out the
-au*e of the e'-eption in the error page.
36
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 30/64
Introduction to Servlet
A *er0let i* a Ja0a programming language -la** u*ed to e'tend the -apa)ilitie* of *er0er*
that ho*t appli-ation* a--e**ed 0ia a re?ue*t(re*pon*e programming model. Although *er0let* -an
re*pond to an/ t/pe of re?ue*t+ the/ are -ommonl/ u*ed to e'tend the appli-ation* ho*ted )/
3e) *er0er*. Thu*+ it -an )e thought of a* a Ja0a Applet that run* on a *er0er in*tead of a
)row*er.
A 9er0let i* a Ja0a -la** in Ja0a EE that -onform* to the Ja0a 9er0let AP!+ a proto-ol )/
whi-h a Ja0a -la** ma/ re*pond to re?ue*t*. The/ are not tied to a *pe-ifi- -lient(*er0er proto-ol+
)ut are mo*t often u*ed with the HTTP proto-ol. Therefore+ the word I9er0letI i* often u*ed in
the meaning of IHTTP 9er0letI.Thu*+ a *oftware de0eloper ma/ u*e a *er0let to add d/nami-
-ontent to a 3e) *er0er u*ing the Ja0a platform. The generated -ontent i* -ommonl/ HT"L+ )ut
ma/ )e other data *u-h a* "L. 9er0let* are the Ja0a -ounterpart to non(Ja0a d/nami- 3e)
-ontent te-hnologie* *u-h a* CG! and A9P.NET. 9er0let* -an maintain *tate in *e**ion 0aria)le*
a-ro** man/ *er0er tran*a-tion* )/ u*ing HTTP -oo,ie*+ or ;RL rewriting.
To deplo/ and run a 9er0let+ a 3e) -ontainer mu*t )e u*ed. A 3e) -ontainer i*
e**entiall/ the -omponent of a 3e) *er0er that intera-t* with the *er0let*. The 3e) -ontainer i*
re*pon*i)le for managing the life-/-le of *er0let*+ mapping a ;RL to a parti-ular *er0let anden*uring that the ;RL re?ue*ter ha* the -orre-t a--e** right*.
The *er0let AP!+ -ontained in the Ja0a pa-,age hierar-h/ ,(v(x.servle*+ define* the
e'pe-ted intera-tion* of the 3e) -ontainer and a *er0let
A 9er0let i* an o)6e-t that re-ei0e* a re?ue*t and generate* a re*pon*e )a*ed on that
re?ue*t. The )a*i- *er0let pa-,age define* Ja0a o)6e-t* to repre*ent *er0let re?ue*t* and
re*pon*e*+ a* well a* o)6e-t* to refle-t the *er0let* -onfiguration parameter* and e'e-utionen0ironment. The pa-,age 6a0a'.*er0let.http define* HTTP(*pe-ifi- *u)-la**e* of the generi-
*er0let element*+ in-luding *e**ion management o)6e-t* that tra-, multiple re?ue*t* and
re*pon*e* )etween the 3e) *er0er and a -lient. 9er0let* ma/ )e pa-,aged in a 3AR file a*
a 3e) appli-ation.
37
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 31/64
9er0let* -an )e generated automati-all/ from Ja0a 9er0er Page* @J9P )/ the Ja0a9er0er
Page* -ompiler. The differen-e )etween 9er0let* and J9P i* that 9er0let* t/pi-all/ em)ed HT"L
in*ide Ja0a -ode+ while J9P* em)ed Ja0a -ode in HT"L. 3hile the dire-t u*age of 9er0let* to
generate HT"L @a* *hown in the e'ample )elow i* relati0el/ rare nowada/*+ the higher le0el
"2C we) framewor, in Ja0a EE @J9F *till e'pli-itl/ u*e* the 9er0let te-hnolog/ for the low
le0el re?ue*t1re*pon*e handling 0ia the Fa-e*9er0let. A *omewhat older u*age i* to u*e *er0let*
in -on6un-tion with J9P* in a pattern -alled I"odel #I+ whi-h i* a fla0or of the model(0iew(
-ontroller pattern.
9er0let* )elong inWEB-INF/classes. On thi* ma-hine+ the *our-e i* in Ja0a *our-e
in /var//hosts/!ca"cho!com/e#apps/res$n-%!&/WEB-INF/classes. 3EB(!NF1-la**e* i*
the *tandard lo-ation for *er0let* and other Ja0a -la**e*. Re*in automati-all/ reload* andre-ompile* *er0let*+ )ean*+ and -la**e* pla-ed in 3EB(!NF1-la**e*. ou *hould ma,e *ome
-hange* and add error* to )e-ome familiar with Re*in* re-ompilation and the error reporting.
1. I'0/(70i('
1.1 P/)(*
The main*ta/ of thi* pro6e-t i* to propo*e the u*e of an ele-troni- ti-,eting
infra*tru-ture of a PTN operator for po*itioning within the -onte't of the PTN to gi0e on(trip
per*onali4ed na0igation -ue*.
P/(0 S()
Pu)li- tran*port networ,* @PTN* are diffi-ult to u*e when the u*er i* unfamiliar with the
area he1*he i* tra0eling to. Ade?uate on(trip na0igation information -an *u)*tantiall/ ea*e the u*e
38
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 32/64
of pu)li- tran*portation and )e the dri0ing fa-tor in moti0ating tra0eler* to prefer it o0er other
mode* of tran*portation.
3e propo*e the u*e of an ele-troni- ti-,eting infra*tru-ture of a PTN operator for
po*itioning within the -onte't of the PTN to gi0e on(trip and pre(trip per*onali4ed na0igation
-ue*. 3e a**e** rele0ant de*ign i**ue* for a modular -o*t(effi-ient u*er(friendl/ on(trip and pre(
trip na0igation *er0i-e.
PTN operator* are deplo/ing ele-troni- ti-,eting */*tem* )a*ed on RF!: te-hnolog/ to
impro0e their operation* and *er0i-e to -u*tomer* and attra-t more -u*tomer*. The itinerar/
-al-ulation *er0i-e i* offered through 9OAP -all*. !tinerar/ -al-ulation re?uire* tran*port
*-hedule* and data from a G!9 */*tem+ i.e.+ wal,ing di*tan-e* )etween point* to 0i*it and -lo*e*t
PTN *tation*+ whi-h are al*o o)tained from the Google AP!*.
2. O/- D*/i)0i('
2.1P/(70 P/*)0i
The main -ontri)ution of our propo*al i* to ade?uate on(trip na0igation information -an
*u)*tantiall/ ea*e the u*e of pu)li- tran*portation and )e the dri0ing fa-tor in moti0ating
tra0eler* to prefer it o0er other mode* of tran*portation. 3e propo*e the u*e of an ele-troni-
ti-,eting infra*tru-ture of a PTN operator for po*itioning within the -onte't of the PTN to gi0e
on(trip per*onali4ed na0igation -ue*. 3e a**e** rele0ant de*ign i**ue* for a modular -o*t(
effi-ient u*er(friendl/ on(trip na0igation *er0i-e.
The fir*t -on*i*t* of trip planning+ and the latter -on*i*t* of the a-tual trip. !n ea-h pha*e+
pa**enger* are *u)6e-t to different -ogniti0e -hallenge*+ e'perien-e different )arrier* and -an )e
a**i*ted )/ different ,ind* of information. 3ith re*pe-t to the on(trip pha*e+ we identified other
)arrier* of multimodal tra0eling that deter parti-ularl/ people unfamiliar with the PTN from
39
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 33/64
u*ing pu)li- tran*port. Among tho*e )arrier* are the -omple'it/ of PTN and the diffi-ult/ during
tran*fer*+ whi-h often lead to pa**enger* getting lo*t during a modal -hange+ a* well a* in-rea*ed
-ogniti0e load due to the la-, of integrated and per*onali4ed on(trip information.
2.2 P/(70 F-0/*
Pu)li- tran*port networ,* @PTN* are diffi-ult to u*e when the u*er i* unfamiliar with the
area *he i* tra0eling to+ a* *hown )/ a u*er *ur0e/ that we pre*ent in thi* paper.
The fir*t -on*i*t* of trip planning+ and the latter -on*i*t* of the a-tual trip. !n ea-h pha*e+
pa**enger* are *u)6e-t to different -ogniti0e -hallenge*+ e'perien-e different )arrier* and -an )e
a**i*ted )/ different ,ind* of information. 3ith re*pe-t to the on(trip pha*e+ we identified other
)arrier* of multimodal tra0eling that deter parti-ularl/ people unfamiliar with the PTN from
u*ing pu)li- tran*port.
2.3 U*/ C-*** -'7 C9-/-0/i*0i*
Pa-,age -om.6*p. pa-,age *our-e file* are u*ed for pre*entation and re*ult 0iewing page.
Pa-,age -om.data)a*e.:ata)a*e9tatement.6a0a *our-e file i* u*ed to e*ta)li*h the -onne-tion to
the data)a*e and data warehou*e and e'e-ute the *?l Prepared 9tatement* a* a predefined
pro-edure.
Pa-,age -om. file i* u*ed to implement out the entire -on-ept* of the pro6e-t. All -la**e*+
mapping file*+ 'ml file* are in-luded in thi* pa-,age.
2.4 D*i8' -'7 I$)$'0-0i(' C('*0/-i'0*
2.5.1 C('*0/-i'0* i' A'-&*i*
40
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 34/64
♦ Con*traint* a* !nformal Te't
♦ Con*traint* a* Operational Re*tri-tion*
♦ Con*traint* !ntegrated in E'i*ting "odel Con-ept*
♦ Con*traint* a* a 9eparate Con-ept
♦ Con*traint* !mplied )/ the "odel 9tru-ture
2.5.2 C('*0/-i'0* i' D*i8'
♦ :etermination of the !n0ol0ed Cla**e*
♦ :etermination of the !n0ol0ed O)6e-t*
♦ :etermination of the !n0ol0ed A-tion*
♦ :etermination of the Re?uire Clau*e*
♦ Glo)al a-tion* and Con*traint Reali4ation
2.5.3 C('*0/-i'0* i' I$)$'0-0i('
A hierar-hi-al *tru-turing of relation* ma/ re*ult in more -la**e* and a more
-ompli-ated *tru-ture to implement. Therefore it i* ad0i*a)le to tran*form the hierar-hi-al
relation *tru-ture to a *impler *tru-ture *u-h a* a -la**i-al flat one. !t i* rather *traightforward totran*form the de0eloped hierar-hi-al model into a )ipartite+ flat model+ -on*i*ting of -la**e* on
the one hand and flat relation* on the other. Flat relation* are preferred at the de*ign le0el for
rea*on* of *impli-it/ and implementation ea*e. There i* no identit/ or fun-tionalit/ a**o-iated
with a flat relation. A flat relation -orre*pond* with the relation -on-ept of entit/(relation*hip
modeling and man/ o)6e-t oriented method*.
3. S&*0$ F-0/*
3e propo*e the u*e of an ele-troni- ti-,eting infra*tru-ture of a PTN operator for
po*itioning within the -onte't of the PTN to gi0e on(trip per*onali4ed na0igation -ue*.
41
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 35/64
4. E0/'- I'0/?- Ri/$'0*
4.1U*/ I'0/?-*
%. All the -ontent* in the pro6e-t are implemented u*ing Graphi-al ;*er !nterfa-e @G;! 6*p and
html page*.
#. E0er/ -on-eptual part of the pro6e-t* i* refle-ted u*ing the 6*p and html.
&. 9/*tem get* the input and deli0er* through the G;! )a*ed.
4.2H-/7=-/ I'0/?-*
E09/'0
Ethernet on the A91>$$ *upport* TCP1!P+ Ad0an-ed Peer(to(Peer Networ,ing @APPN
and ad0an-ed program(to(program -ommuni-ation* @APPC.
ISDN
ou -an -onne-t /our A91>$$ to an !ntegrated 9er0i-e* :igital Networ, @!9:N for
fa*ter+ more a--urate data tran*mi**ion. An !9:N i* a pu)li- or pri0ate digital -ommuni-ation*
networ, that -an *upport data+ fa'+ image+ and other *er0i-e* o0er the *ame ph/*i-al interfa-e.
Al*o+ /ou -an u*e other proto-ol* on !9:N+ *u-h a* !:LC and .#<.
42
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 36/64
4.3S(?0=-/ I'0/?-*
Thi* *oftware i* intera-ted with the HTTP proto-ol. Thi* proto-ol i*
running in tom-at port num)er @default 7$.
Thi* *oftware i* al*o intera-ted with the 9"TP proto-ol+ *ending and re-ei0ing on
9"TP proto-ol.
4.4C($$'i-0i(' I'0/?-*
%. Http Proto-ol.
#. LAN 9etting*.
5. O09/ N('?'0i('- Ri/$'0*
5.1P/?(/$-' Ri/$'0*
3e need to one or more than one ma-hine to e'e-ute the demo. "a-hine need*
enough hard di*, *pa-e to in*tall the *oftware and run our pro6e-t. The entire ma-hine*
*hould )e -onne-ted with LAN *etting*. Thereafter+ we ha0e to do the )a*i-
-onfiguration* *etting*.
5.2S-?0& Ri/$'0*
%. The *oftware ma/ )e *afet/(-riti-al. !f *o+ there are i**ue* a**o-iated with it* integrit/
le0el
#. The *oftware ma/ not )e *afet/(-riti-al although it form* part of a *afet/(-riti-al
*/*tem. For e'ample+ *oftware ma/ *impl/ log tran*a-tion*.
43
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 37/64
&. !f a */*tem mu*t )e of a high integrit/ le0el and if the *oftware i* *hown to )e of that
integrit/ le0el+ then the hardware mu*t )e at lea*t of the *ame integrit/ le0el.
>. There i* little point in produ-ing perfe-t -ode in *ome language if hardware and
*/*tem *oftware @in wide*t *en*e are not relia)le.
<. !f a -omputer */*tem i* to run *oftware of a high integrit/ le0el then that */*tem *hould
not at the *ame time a--ommodate *oftware of a lower integrit/ le0el.
=. 9/*tem* with different re?uirement* for *afet/ le0el* mu*t )e *eparated.
D. Otherwi*e+ the highe*t le0el of integrit/ re?uired mu*t )e applied to all */*tem*
in the *ame en0ironment.
5.3S/i0& Ri/$'0*
:o not )lo-, the *ome a0aila)le port* through the window* firewall
<.> S(?0=-/ Q-i0& A00/i0*
F'0i('-i0& are the re?uired fun-tion* a0aila)le+ in-luding !nteropera)ilit/ and
*e-urit/
Ri-ii0& maturit/+ fault toleran-e and re-o0era)ilit/
U*-ii0& how ea*/ it i* to under*tand+ learn+ and operate the *oftware 9/*tem
E??ii'& performan-e and re*our-e )eha0ior.
M-i'0-i'-ii0& "aintaining the *oftware.
P(/0-ii0& -an the *oftware ea*il/ )e tran*ferred to another en0ironment+
!n-luding in*tall a)ilit/
44
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 38/64
CHAPTER 4
A/9i00/%
User Registration with Geo
Points
User ogin
Client (inputs registered geo
points, zoom level)
45
!"#$ %&'%&
(.s*+ le)
A! "# PRAGNAN$
-enerting %pt/
imges (&, 29). %reting "rious
!//luder pes(re/tngle, /ir/le,tringle).
%reting .s*+ le
nd ppending teentire %&'%&
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 39/64
Geo Points
matchma%ing
&ocial Applications
Process to
di'erentiate Humans and (ots
Fi8% 4.1
4.1 S' Di-8/-$%
46
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 40/64
4.2 U* C-* Di-8/-$%
47
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 41/64
4.3 A0ii0& Di-8/-$%
48
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 42/64
49
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 43/64
C(-(/-0i(' Di-8/-$%
DATA FLO, DIAGRAM%
50
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 44/64
evel 0:
egistrtion
#ssues ser #d.
evel 1:
ser ogin,
"lidtes ser
evel 2:
%ooses egistered
-eo 'oints
evel 3:
51
%#$ $"$
&&&$
%#$ $"$
&&&$
%#$
$"$
&&&$
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 45/64
ser ogin
C-** Di-8/-$
52
$"$
&&&$
%#$
-enertes .s*+
le ppended ;
/pt/ imges to
distinguis
umns nd ots.
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 46/64
CHAPTER 5
53
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 47/64
SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 MODULES
U*/ R8i*0/-0i(' *i'8 G(P(i'0*
N( A09'0i-0i(' =i09 Vi*- I'?(/$-0i('
A$(7- C($)0i('
5.2 MODULE E+PLANATION%
U*/ R8i*0/-0i(' *i'8 G(P(i'0*
3e introdu-e a )a*i- u*er le0el regi*tration pro-e** )a*ed on no0el ,nowledge()a*ed authenti-ation
*-heme that )elong* to the re-all()a*ed graphi-al pa**word* famil/. The -redential* of the u*er are a route
@or multiple route* of hi* -hoi-e. The geopoint* along with the 4oom le0el 0alue are *tored in the data)a*e
for further le0el authenti-ation pro-e**.
N( A09'0i-0i(' =i09 Vi*- I'?(/$-0i('
A geo route+ whi-h *omething the u*er ,now*+ ma/ )e *u)6e-ta)le to atta-,* *imilar to
tho*e in other re-all()a*ed *-heme*. A *et of -riteria are propo*ed in order to *trengthen the route pa**word+
the e?ui0alent of *etting up a *trong te't )a*ed pa**word. A* *u-h+ the route mu*t )e unpredi-ta)le+ *o that
the *tarting and ending point* a* well a* the intermediate route -annot )e gue**ed. Furthermore+ the route
*hould )e long enough in order to in-lude man/ turn* in order to pro0ide ade?uate -omple'it/. !t i* al*o
ne-e**ar/ that the u*er doe* not u*e the predefined route *ugge*ted )ut he modifie* it )/ introdu-ing at lea*tone de0iation from the route -reated )/ Google map*.
A$(7- C($)0i('
54
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 48/64
Our "O2!E CAPTCHA -arrie* -ertain rule*+ generation of a randoml/ generated TET
CAPTCHA+ pla-ement of o--luder* on the e'a-t o)6e-t area a0oiding the free *pa-ial area* @whi-h doe*n5t
affe-t the original o)6e-t in the image. O--luder* doe*n5t rel/ upon a *ingle *hape+ where we in turn
generate the 0ariou* *hape* of the o--luder* in a random manner. The entire image* are in turn -on0erted
into a 0ideo fla*h file @.*wf for further authenti-ation to di*tingui*h )etween human* and )ot*. The Law of
Pragnan4 are -on*idered to affe-t the ea*e of per-eption )a*ed on per-eptual p*/-holog/ whi-h are gi0en a*
follow*
L-= (? )/(i$i0&% Thi* law indu-e* the mind to per-ei0e element* in pro'imit/ a*
-olle-ti0e element*. The )la-, -ir-le* appear to )e on a lengthwi*e line in three row*.
L-= (? Si$i-/i0&% Thi* law indu-e* the mind to per-ei0e *imilar element* from -olle-ti0e
element*. Thi* *imilarit/ might depend on relation*hip* )etween form+ -olor+ *i4e+ or
)rightne**. Bla-, -ir-le* are arranged e?uidi*tant to one another. Howe0er+ the -ir-le* in the
*e-ond row are a different -olor. Therefore+ the*e -ir-le* appear to )e hori4ontall/ lo-ated
along a line.
L-= (? C(*/% The mind ma,e* u* per-ei0e element* of -lo*ure a* non(open element*. !n
the e'ample+ the human mind per-ei0e* the*e -lo*ed )ra-,et* a* *?uare*. The*e open
)ra-,et* are not per-ei0ed a* -olle-ti0e element*.
L-= (? C('i'i0&% 9mooth -onne-tion* tend to )e -olle-ti0e. 3e -an *ee two o0erlapping
-ir-le*. Howe0er+ it i* hard for u* to per-ei0e thi* a* a -entral lenti-ular *hape with
-re*-ent* at )oth *ide* that i* la-,ing -ir-le*.
CHAPTER 6
CODING AND TESTING
55
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 49/64
6.1 CODING
On-e the de*ign a*pe-t of the */*tem i* finali4e* the */*tem enter* into the -oding and
te*ting pha*e. The -oding pha*e )ring* the a-tual */*tem into a-tion )/ -on0erting the de*ign of
the */*tem into the -ode in a gi0en programming language. Therefore+ a good -oding *t/le ha* to
)e ta,en whene0er -hange* are re?uired it ea*il/ *-rewed into the */*tem.
6.2 CODING STANDARDS
Coding *tandard* are guideline* to programming that fo-u*e* on the ph/*i-al *tru-ture and
appearan-e of the program. The/ ma,e the -ode ea*ier to read+ under*tand and maintain. Thi*
pha*e of the */*tem a-tuall/ implement* the )lueprint de0eloped during the de*ign pha*e. The
-oding *pe-ifi-ation *hould )e in *u-h a wa/ that an/ programmer mu*t )e a)le to under*tand the
-ode and -an )ring a)out -hange* whene0er felt ne-e**ar/. 9ome of the *tandard needed to
a-hie0e the a)o0e(mentioned o)6e-ti0e* are a* follow*
Program *hould )e *imple+ -lear and ea*/ to under*tand.
Naming -on0ention*
2alue -on0ention*
9-ript and -omment pro-edure
"e**age )o' format
E'-eption and error handling
6.2.1 NAMING CONVENTIONS
56
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 50/64
Naming -on0ention* of -la**e*+ data mem)er+ mem)er fun-tion*+ pro-edure* et-.+ *hould )e
*?<7*/i)0i. One *hould e0en get the meaning and *-ope of the 0aria)le )/ it* name. The
-on0ention* are adopted for -*& '7/*0-'7i'8 of the intended me**age )/ the u*er. 9o it i*
-u*tomar/ to follow the -on0ention*. The*e -on0ention* are a* follow*
C-** '-$*
Cla** name* are pro)lem domain e?ui0alen-e and )egin with -apital letter and ha0e mi'ed -a*e*.
M$/ F'0i(' -'7 D-0- M$/ '-$
"em)er fun-tion and data mem)er name )egin* with a lower-a*e letter
with ea-h *u)*e?uent letter* of the new word* in upper-a*e and the re*t of letter* in lower-a*e.
6.2.2 VALUE CONVENTIONS
2alue -on0ention* en*ure 0alue* for 0aria)le at an/ point of time. Thi* in0ol0e* the
following
Proper default 0alue* for the 0aria)le*.
Proper 0alidation of 0alue* in the field.
Proper do-umentation of flag 0alue*.
6.2.3 SCRIPT ,RITING AND COMMENTING STANDARD
9-ript writing i* an art in whi-h indentation i* utmo*t important. Conditional and looping
*tatement* are to )e properl/ aligned to fa-ilitate ea*/ under*tanding. Comment* are in-luded to
minimi4e the num)er of *urpri*e* that -ould o--ur when going through the -ode.
57
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 51/64
6.2.4 MESSAGE BO+ FORMAT
3hen *omething ha* to )e prompted to the u*er+ he mu*t )e a)le to under*tand it properl/.
To a-hie0e thi*+ a *pe-ifi- format ha* )een adopted in di*pla/ing me**age* to the u*er. The/ are
a* follow*
M ;*er ha* performed illegal operation.
Z M !nformation to the u*er.
6.3 TEST PROCEDURE
SYSTEM TESTING
Te*ting i* performed to identif/ error*. !t i* u*ed for ?ualit/ a**uran-e. Te*ting i*
an integral part of the entire de0elopment and maintenan-e pro-e**. The goal of the te*ting
during pha*e i* to 0erif/ that the *pe-ifi-ation ha* )een a--uratel/ and -ompletel/ in-orporated
into the de*ign+ a* well a* to en*ure the -orre-tne** of the de*ign it*elf. For e'ample the de*ign
mu*t not ha0e an/ logi- fault* in the de*ign i* dete-ted )efore -oding -ommen-e*+ otherwi*e the
-o*t of fi'ing the fault* will )e -on*idera)l/ higher a* refle-ted. :ete-tion of de*ign fault* -an )e
a-hie0ed )/ mean* of in*pe-tion a* well a* wal,through.
Te*ting i* one of the important *tep* in the *oftware de0elopment pha*e. Te*ting -he-,* for
the error*+ a* a whole of the pro6e-t te*ting in0ol0e* the following te*t -a*e*
9tati- anal/*i* i* u*ed to in0e*tigate the *tru-tural propertie* of the 9our-e -ode.
:/nami- te*ting i* u*ed to in0e*tigate the )eha0ior of the *our-e -ode )/ e'e-uting the
program on the te*t data.
58
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 52/64
6.4 TEST DATA AND OUTPUT
6.4.1 UNIT TESTING
;nit te*ting i* -ondu-ted to 0erif/ the fun-tional performan-e of ea-h modular
-omponent of the *oftware. ;nit te*ting fo-u*e* on the *malle*t unit of the *oftware de*ign @i.e.+
the module. The white()o' te*ting te-hni?ue* were hea0il/ emplo/ed for unit te*ting.
6.4.2 FUNCTIONAL TESTS
Fun-tional te*t -a*e* in0ol0ed e'er-i*ing the -ode with nominal input 0alue* for
whi-h the e'pe-ted re*ult* are ,nown+ a* well a* )oundar/ 0alue* and *pe-ial 0alue*+ *u-h a*
logi-all/ related input*+ file* of identi-al element*+ and empt/ file*.
Three t/pe* of te*t* in Fun-tional te*t
Performan-e Te*t
9tre** Te*t
9tru-ture Te*t
6.4.3 PERFORMANCE TEST
!t determine* the amount of e'e-ution time *pent in 0ariou* part* of the unit+ program
throughput+ and re*pon*e time and de0i-e utili4ation )/ the program unit.
59
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 53/64
6.4.4 STRESS TEST
9tre** Te*t i* tho*e te*t de*igned to intentionall/ )rea, the unit. A Great deal -an )e
learned a)out the *trength and limitation* of a program )/ e'amining the manner in whi-h a
programmer in whi-h a program unit )rea,*.
6.4.5 STRUCTURED TEST
9tru-ture Te*t* are -on-erned with e'er-i*ing the internal logi- of a program and
tra0er*ing parti-ular e'e-ution path*. The wa/ in whi-h 3hite(Bo' te*t *trateg/ wa* emplo/ed
to en*ure that the te*t -a*e* -ould Guarantee that all independent path* within a module ha0e
)een ha0e )een e'er-i*ed at lea*t on-e.
E'er-i*e all logi-al de-i*ion* on their true or fal*e *ide*.
E'e-ute all loop* at their )oundarie* and within their operational )ound*.
E'er-i*e internal data *tru-ture* to a**ure their 0alidit/.
Che-,ing attri)ute* for their -orre-tne**.
Handling end of file -ondition+ !1O error*+ )uffer pro)lem* and te'tual error* in
output information
6.4.6 INTEGRATION TESTING
!ntegration te*ting i* a */*temati- te-hni?ue for -on*tru-tion the program *tru-ture
while at the *ame time -ondu-ting te*t* to un-o0er error* a**o-iated with interfa-ing. i.e.+
integration te*ting i* the -omplete te*ting of the *et of module* whi-h ma,e* up the produ-t. The
o)6e-ti0e i* to ta,e unte*ted module* and )uild a program *tru-ture te*ter *hould identif/ -riti-al
module*. Criti-al module* *hould )e te*ted a* earl/ a* po**i)le. One approa-h i* to wait until all
60
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 54/64
the unit* ha0e pa**ed te*ting+ and then -om)ine them and then te*ted. Thi* approa-h i* e0ol0ed
from un*tru-tured te*ting of *mall program*. Another *trateg/ i* to -on*tru-t the produ-t in
in-rement* of te*ted unit*. A *mall *et of module* are integrated together and te*ted+ to whi-h
another module i* added and te*ted in -om)ination. And *o on. The ad0antage* of thi* approa-h
are that+ interfa-e di*pen*e* -an )e ea*il/ found and -orre-ted.
The ma6or error that wa* fa-ed during the pro6e-t i* lin,ing error. 3hen all the
module* are -om)ined the lin, i* not *et properl/ with all *upport file*. Then we -he-,ed out for
inter-onne-tion and the lin,*. Error* are lo-ali4ed to the new module and it*
inter-ommuni-ation*. The produ-t de0elopment -an )e *taged+ and module* integrated in a* the/
-omplete unit te*ting. Te*ting i* -ompleted when the la*t module i* integrated and te*ted.
6.5 TESTING TECHNIQUES TESTING STRATERGIES
6.5.1 TESTING
Te*ting i* a pro-e** of e'e-uting a program with the intent of finding an error. A good te*t
-a*e i* one that ha* a high pro)a)ilit/ of finding an a*(/et Mundi*-o0ered error. A *u--e**ful te*t
i* one that un-o0er* an a*(/et( undi*-o0ered error. 9/*tem te*ting i* the *tage of implementation+
whi-h i* aimed at en*uring that the */*tem wor,* a--uratel/ and effi-ientl/ a* e'pe-ted )efore
li0e operation -ommen-e*. !t 0erifie* that the whole *et of program* hang together. 9/*tem
te*ting re?uire* a te*t -on*i*t* of *e0eral ,e/ a-ti0itie* and *tep* for run program+ *tring+ */*tem
and i* important in adopting a *u--e**ful new */*tem. Thi* i* the la*t -han-e to dete-t and -orre-t
error* )efore the */*tem i* in*talled for u*er a--eptan-e te*ting.
The *oftware te*ting pro-e** -ommen-e* on-e the program i* -reated and the
do-umentation and related data *tru-ture* are de*igned. 9oftware te*ting i* e**ential for
61
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 55/64
-orre-ting error*. Otherwi*e the program or the pro6e-t i* not *aid to )e -omplete. 9oftware
te*ting i* the -riti-al element of *oftware ?ualit/ a**uran-e and repre*ent* the ultimate the re0iew
of *pe-ifi-ation de*ign and -oding. Te*ting i* the pro-e** of e'e-uting the program with the
intent of finding the error. A good te*t -a*e de*ign i* one that a* a pro)a)ilit/ of finding an /et
undi*-o0ered error. A *u--e**ful te*t i* one that un-o0er* an /et undi*-o0ered error. An/
engineering produ-t -an )e te*ted in one of the two wa/*
6.5.1.1 ,HITE BO+ TESTING
Thi* te*ting i* al*o -alled a* Gla** )o' te*ting. !n thi* te*ting+ )/ ,nowing the
*pe-ifi- fun-tion* that a produ-t ha* )een de*ign to perform te*t -an )e -ondu-ted that
demon*trate ea-h fun-tion i* full/ operational at the *ame time *ear-hing for error* in ea-h
fun-tion. !t i* a te*t -a*e de*ign method that u*e* the -ontrol *tru-ture of the pro-edural de*ign to
deri0e te*t -a*e*. Ba*i* path te*ting i* a white )o' te*ting.
Ba*i* path te*ting
Flow graph notation
C/-lometri- -omple'it/
:eri0ing te*t -a*e*
Graph matri-e* Control
6.5.1.2 BLAC# BO+ TESTING
62
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 56/64
!n thi* te*ting )/ ,nowing the internal operation of a produ-t+ te*t -an )e
-ondu-ted to en*ure that all gear* me*h+ that i* the internal operation perform* a--ording to
*pe-ifi-ation and all internal -omponent* ha0e )een ade?uatel/ e'er-i*ed. !t fundamentall/
fo-u*e* on the fun-tional re?uirement* of the *oftware.
The *tep* in0ol0ed in )la-, )o' te*t -a*e de*ign are
Graph )a*ed te*ting method*
E?ui0alen-e partitioning
Boundar/ 0alue anal/*i*
Compari*on te*ting
6.5.2 SOFT,ARE TESTING STRATEGIES%
A *oftware te*ting *trateg/ pro0ide* a road map for the *oftware de0eloper. Te*ting i* a
*et a-ti0it/ that -an )e planned in ad0an-e and -ondu-ted */*temati-all/. For thi* rea*on a
template for *oftware te*ting a *et of *tep* into whi-h we -an pla-e *pe-ifi- te*t -a*e de*ign
method* *hould )e *trateg/ *hould ha0e the following -hara-teri*ti-*
Te*ting )egin* at the module le0el and wor,* outward toward the integration of
the entire -omputer )a*ed */*tem.
:ifferent te*ting te-hni?ue* are appropriate at different point* in time.
The de0eloper of the *oftware and an independent te*t group -ondu-t* te*ting.
Te*ting and :e)ugging are different a-ti0itie* )ut de)ugging mu*t )e
a--ommodated in an/ te*ting *trateg/.
6.5.2.1 INTEGRATION TESTING%
63
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 57/64
!ntegration te*ting i* a */*temati- te-hni?ue for -on*tru-ting the program
*tru-ture while at the *ame time -ondu-ting te*t* to un-o0er error* a**o-iated with. !ndi0idual
module*+ whi-h are highl/ prone to interfa-e error*+ *hould not )e a**umed to wor, in*tantl/
when we put them together. The pro)lem of -our*e+ i* putting them together( interfa-ing.
There ma/ )e the -han-e* of data lo*t a-ro** on another5* *u) fun-tion*+ when -om)ined ma/ not
produ-e the de*ired ma6or fun-tion indi0iduall/ a--epta)le impre**ion ma/ )e magnified to
una--epta)le le0el* glo)al data *tru-ture* -an pre*ent pro)lem*.
6.5.2.2 PROGRAM TESTING%
The logi-al and */nta' error* ha0e )een pointed out )/ program te*ting. A
*/nta' error i* an error in a program *tatement that in 0iolate* one or more rule* of the language
in whi-h it i* written. An improperl/ defined field dimen*ion or omitted ,e/word* are -ommon
*/nta' error. The*e error* are *hown through error me**age* generated )/ the -omputer. A logi-
error on the other hand deal* with the in-orre-t data field*+ out(off(range item* and in0alid
-om)ination*. 9in-e the -ompiler * will not dedu-t logi-al error+ the programmer mu*t e'amine
the output. Condition te*ting e'er-i*e* the logi-al -ondition* -ontained in a module. The po**i)le
t/pe* of element* in a -ondition in-lude a Boolean operator+ Boolean 0aria)le+ a pair of Boolean
parenthe*e* A relational operator or on arithmeti- e'pre**ion. Condition te*ting method fo-u*e*
on te*ting ea-h -ondition in the program the purpo*e of -ondition te*t i* to dedu-t not onl/
error* in the -ondition of a program )ut al*o other a error* in the program.
6.5.2.3 SECURITY TESTING%
64
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 58/64
9e-urit/ te*ting attempt* to 0erif/ the prote-tion me-hani*m* )uilt in to a */*tem well+ in
fa-t+ prote-t it from improper penetration. The */*tem *e-urit/ mu*t )e te*ted for in0ulnera)ilit/
from frontal atta-, mu*t al*o )e te*ted for in0ulnera)ilit/ from rear atta-,. :uring *e-urit/+ the
te*ter pla-e* the role of indi0idual who de*ire* to penetrate */*tem.
6.5.2.4 VALIDATION TESTING
At the -ulmination of integration te*ting+ *oftware i* -ompletel/ a**em)led a* a
pa-,age. !nterfa-ing error* ha0e )een un-o0ered and -orre-ted and a final *erie* of *oftware te*t(
0alidation te*ting )egin*. 2alidation te*ting -an )e defined in man/ wa/*+ )ut a *imple definition
i* that 0alidation *u--eed* when the *oftware fun-tion* in manner that i* rea*ona)l/ e'pe-ted )/
the -u*tomer. 9oftware 0alidation i* a-hie0ed through a *erie* of )la-, )o' te*t* that
demon*trate -onformit/ with re?uirement. After 0alidation te*t ha* )een -ondu-ted+ one of two
-ondition* e'i*t*.
The fun-tion or performan-e -hara-teri*ti-* -onfirm to *pe-ifi-ation* and are a--epted.
A 0alidation from *pe-ifi-ation i* un-o0ered and a defi-ien-/ -reated.
:e0iation or error* di*-o0ered at thi* *tep in thi* pro6e-t i* -orre-ted prior to -ompletion
of the pro6e-t with the help of the u*er )/ negotiating to e*ta)li*h a method for re*ol0ing
defi-ien-ie*. Thu* the propo*ed */*tem under -on*ideration ha* )een te*ted )/ u*ing 0alidation
te*ting and found to )e wor,ing *ati*fa-toril/. Though there were defi-ien-ie* in the */*tem the/
were not -ata*trophi-
6.5.2.5 USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING
65
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 59/64
;*er a--eptan-e of the */*tem i* ,e/ fa-tor for the *u--e** of an/ */*tem. The */*tem
under -on*ideration i* te*ted for u*er a--eptan-e )/ -on*tantl/ ,eeping in tou-h with pro*pe-ti0e
*/*tem and u*er at the time of de0eloping and ma,ing -hange* whene0er re?uired. Thi* i* done
in regarding to the following point*.
• !nput *-reen de*ign.
• Output *-reen de*ign.
66
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 60/64
S(/ C(7
67
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 61/64
S/'*9(0*%
68
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 62/64
REFERENCES
K% C. [uo+ 9. Romano*,/+ and L. Cranor #$$=. Human *ele-tion of mnemoni- phra*e()a*ed
pa**word*. !n Pro-eeding* of the *e-ond */mpo*ium on ;*a)le pri0a-/ and *e-urit/ @9O;P9
$=. AC"+ New or,+ N+ ;9A+ =D(D7. doi%$.%%><1%%>&%#$.%%>&%#8
K# G. Blonder+ Graphi-al Pa**word. !n Lu-ent Te-hnologie*+ !n-.+ "urra/ Hill+ NJ+ ;nited
9tate* Patent <<<88=%+ %88=.
K& Real ;*er Corporation+ Pa**fa-e*T"+ http11www.realu*er.-om.
K> T. Ta,ada+ T. Onu,i+ and H. [oi,e #$$=. Awa*e(e Re-ognition)a*ed image authenti-ation
*-heme u*ing u*er*5 per*onal photograph*. !n !nno0ation* in !nformation Te-hnolog/. #$$= +
0ol.+ no.+ pp.%(<+ No0. #$$= doi%$.%%$81!NNO2AT!ON9.#$$=.&$%8D$
K< E. Ha/a*hi+ R. :hami6a+ N. Chri*tin+ and A. Perrig #$$7. ;*e /our illu*ion *e-ure
authenti-ation u*a)le an/where. !n Pro-eeding* of the >th */mpo*ium on ;*a)le pri0a-/ and*e-urit/ @9O;P9 $7. AC"+ New or,+ N+ ;9A+ &<(><. doi%$.%%><1%>$7==>.%>$7=D$
K= R. :hami6a+ A. Perrig+ #$$$. :e6a 2u a u*er *tud/ u*ing image* for authenti-ation+ !n
Pro-eeding* of the 8th Conferen-e on ;9EN! 9e-urit/ 9/mpo*ium ( 2olume 8 @99"$$+
2ol. 8. ;9EN! A**o-iation+ Ber,ele/+ CA+ ;9A+ >(>.
KD L. 9o)rado and J. Birget+ #$$#. Graphi-al Pa**word*. The Rutger* 9-holar + An Ele-troni-
Bulletin of ;ndergraduate Re*ear-h+ Rutger* ;ni0er*it/+ New Jer*e/+ 2ol. > @#$$#
K7 H. J. A*ghar+ 9. Li+ J. Piepr4/,+ and H. 3ang+ #$%$. Cr/ptanal/*i* of the -on0e' hull -li-,
human identifi-ation proto-ol. !n Pro-eeding* of the %&th !nternational Conferen-e on
69
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 63/64
!nformation *e-urit/ @!9C%$+. 9pringer(2erlag+ Berlin+ Heidel)erg+ #>(&$. doi %$.%$$D18D7(&(
=>#(%7%D7(7&
K8 9FR !T ( Engineering+ http11www.*fr(*oftware.de1-m*1EN1po-,etp-1*fr(pa**word1\.
K%$ 9. 3ieden)e-,+ J. 3ater*+ J.(C. Birget+ A. Brod*,i/+ and N. "emon+ #$$<. Pa**Point*
de*ign and longitudinal e0aluation of a graphi-al pa**word */*tem. !nt. J. Hum.(Comput. 9tud.
=&+ %(# @Jul/ #$$<+ %$#(%#D. :O!Xhttp11d'.doi.org1%$.%$%=16.i6h-*.#$$<.$>.$%$.
K%% A. E. :iri,+ N. "emon+ and J.(C.Birget+ #$$D. "odeling u*er -hoi-e in the Pa**Point*
graphi-al pa**word *-heme. !n Pro-eeding* of the &rd 9/mpo*ium on ;*a)le pri0a-/ and
*e-urit/ @9O;P9 $D. AC"+ New or,+ N+ ;9A+ #$(#7.
:O!Xhttp11doi.a-m.org1%$.%%><1%#7$=7$.%#7$=7>
K%# J. Thorpeand and P. 2. Oor*-hott + #$$D. Human(*eeded atta-,* and e'ploiting hot(*pot* in
graphi-al pa**word*. !n Pro-eeding* of %=th ;9EN! 9e-urit/ 9/mpo*ium on ;9EN! 9e-urit/
9/mpo*ium @99$D+ Niel* Pro0o* @Ed.. ;9EN! A**o-iation+ Ber,ele/+ CA+ ;9A+ + Arti-le 7+
%= page*.
K%& !. Jerm/n+ A. "a/er+ F. "onro*e+ ". [. Reiter and A. :. Ru)in+ %888. The de*ign and
anal/*i* of graphi-al pa**word*. !n Pro-eeding* of the 7th Conferen-e on ;9EN! 9e-urit/
9/mpo*ium ( 2olume 7 @99"88+ 2ol. 7. ;9EN! A**o-iation+ Ber,ele/+ CA+ ;9A+ %(%.
K%> F. A. Al*ulaiman and A. El 9addi,+ #$$7. Three(:imen*ional Pa**word for "ore 9e-ure
Authenti-ation. !n !EEE Tran*a-tion* on !n*trumentation and "ea*urement+ + 0ol.<D+ no.8+
pp.%8#8(%8&7+ 9ept. #$$7. doi%$.%%$81T!".#$$7.8%88$<
K%< 2. "ha*,e(:hamdhere+ G. A. Patil+ #$%$. Three :iamentional O)6e-t ;*ed for :ata
9e-urit/. !n !nternational Conferen-e on Computational !ntelligen-e and Communi-ation
Networ,* @C!CN+ #$%$+ pp.>$&(>$7+ #=(#7 No0. #$%$. doi %$.%%$81C!CN.#$%$.7&
70
7/23/2019 Navi Based User Authentication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/navi-based-user-authentication 64/64