Nature of People Psychological problems are the result from an inability to fulfill one’s basic...

Nature of PeoplePsychological problems are the result from an

inability to fulfill one’s basic needsCorrelations exists between lack of success in

meeting needs and the degree of distress and unhappiness

Denial of reality refers to tendency to try to avoid the natural and logical consequences of behavior

Irresponsible behavior, attempts to satisfy needs in ways that infringe on the rights of others, leads to trouble

Copyright 2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning

Psychological problems are result of trying to get people to do things they don’t want to do.

Counselors should foster a healthy relationship by attending to the child’s needs, reality and responsibility. Client needs to feel secure.

Counselors are verbally active and focus on the what person is doing and plans to do.


Glasser’s Beliefs

Teach people to love and be loved

Help people feel valued by themselves and others

Those will leads to success identity


Failure and success identitiesAlienated Involved

(state of anomie) (belong to a group)

Delinquent Love (Some people careBehavior about me and I care about

them)

Failure Identity Success

Withdrawn Self-worth (I feel good behavior because I am doing something

useful)

Socially irresponsible Socially responsible


Choice TheoryOnly behavior we can control is our ownWe are responsible only for what we choose to do with

our behaviorAll long-lasting psychological problems are relationship

problems resulting from attempts to get people to do things they do not want to do


Five Basic Needs

Survival

Freedom

Power

Fun

Love and Belonging


Quality WorldPeople we want to be withThings we want to possess or experienceBeliefs that guide our behavior


Three R’s

Reality

Responsibility

Right and Wrong


Choice TheoryReality therapists practice Choice TheoryPrevent problems before they happenExamine client’s belief systemHelp people handle the pain from not getting what they

want


Choice Theory Behavior = acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology People are responsible for own choices, decisions,

goals, and happiness We control our mental images We choose psychosomatic illness, we can choose

something more satisfying The closer reality is to quality world = happier we will

be


Theory of CounselingDiscard mental illness in favor of responsibility

Focus on moral issue of right/wrong

Ignore past, focus on present/future


Theory of Counseling

Relate on a person-to-person basis

Ignore the unconscious

Counseling with children = teaching and learning experience


Four ChoicesAn example for someone who is depressed:

1. Continue to depress yourself2. Change what you are doing to get what you want3. Change what you want4. Both #2 & #3


Eight StepsStep 1. Build a relationship with the child.

Step 2. Child describes present behavior. “Tell me the story”

Step 3. Child evaluates what is going on in his life and how he is helping himself. “Do you want to change what is going on?”


Help questions for Step 3How does this behavior help you?How does this behavior hurt you?How does this behavior help you learn math?How does this behavior improve your math?Is your behavior getting you what you want?


Eight Steps (Cont.)

Step 4: Counselor and child look at possible alternatives

Step 5: Child selects alternatives for reaching goals and commits to trying the choices.

Step 6: Counselor and child examine the results. If not successful, list reasons why. Adjust contract is necessary.

Step 7: Logical and natural consequences are not removed

Step 8: The counselor does not give up on the child.


Reality Therapy Process(1) What are you doing?

(2) Is what you are doing helping you get what you want?

(3) If not, what might be some other things you could try?

(4) Which idea would you like to try first?

(5) When?


For younger children(1) What did you do?(2) What is our rule about this?(3) Was what you did against our rule?(4) What were you supposed to do?(5) What are you going to do next time?(6) Do you want to write your plan for next time or do

you want me to write it?(7) Let’s check tomorrow to see if your new plan is

working.


For older children and adolescents(1) Let’s begin by talking about what you have been

doing to solve the problem.

(2) It would be helpful if you could give me an idea of how what you have been doing has been helping you. We may want to consider some questions: Is your behavior in touch with reality? Is your behavior the responsible thing to do? Is your behavior the right thing to do? Is your behavior cost-effective?


For older children and adolescents (Cont.)

(3) If your behavior is not getting you what you want, what would you like to do differently?

(4) What plan would you like to develop?

(5) When can we follow up on your plan?


Ten-step Consultation ModelStep 1. List what you have already tried that does not help.

Step 2. (if needed) Make a list of change-of-pace interventions to disrupt the expected.

Step 3. (if needed) Make a list of things you could and would do to help the child have a better day tomorrow


Ten-step Consultation Model(Cont.)

Step 4. Try one-line counseling approaches.

Step 5. Use reality therapy questions that emphasize the rules on which agreement was reached in a previous negotiation.

Step 6. Use standard reality therapy questions that end with a written contract or a handshake.


Ten-step Consultation Model(Cont.)

Step 7. In-class time-out is recommended.

Step 8. Some children may require a time-out outside the classroom.

Step 9 and 10 are designed for special more severe cases. It might include suspension, going to see what juvenile court is like, etc.


PracticeA child has been brought to your office

because he/she wasn’t doing work in class and is distracting the other children. Talk with the child and using the Reality based approach, help the child assess whether his/her behavior is getting them what they want.


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