Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

35
Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes

Transcript of Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Page 1: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Natural Sciences 360Legacy of LifeLecture 08Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Finishing Protostomes

Page 2: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Onychophora

TardigradaAnomalocarididaeTrilobitomorpha

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Insecta

ARTHROPODA

Mandibulata

Page 3: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Hurdia – from the Burgess Shale.

Page 4: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Hurdia

Amongst the most primitive and oldest known of true arthropods.

Belongs to a group call the Anomalocarididae.

Known from the Late Cambrian Burgess Shale.

It demonstrates earliest evidence and example of the organization of the “head shield) region.

Page 5: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

TRILOBITOMORPHA

•Oldest known of arthropods.•Excellent examples known back to Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago).•Survived until Early Permian (about 280 million years ago).•Usually considered to be very basal (primitive) member of Arthropoda.

Page 6: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

TRILOBITOMORPHAOldest known of arthropods.Known back to Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago).Survived until Early Permian (about 280 million years ago).Usually considered to be very basal (primitive) member of Arthropoda.

Page 7: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

CHELICERATA

Includes spiders, scorpions, eurypterids

Have specialized mouth parts (but not jaws) called chelicerae.

Page 8: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Some eurypterids were up to two meters in length!

Page 9: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 10: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Hadrurus arizonensis

Page 11: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Onychophora

TardigradaAnomalocarididaeTrilobitomorpha

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Insecta

ARTHROPODA

Mandibulata

Page 12: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

MANDIBULATA – Arthropods with jaws. Includes crustaceans, insects, and others

CRUSTACEA Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, one terrestrial group—pill bugs.Primarily marine.

Page 13: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

A Crustacean

Page 14: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

A Crustacean

Page 15: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

A Crustacean

Page 16: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Insects are thought to have evolved from MYRIAPODS through the phenomenon known as NEOTONY

NEOTONY – the retention of juvenile features and characters will attaining sexual maturity.

Page 17: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Insects exploited the land with little or no competition.

Key innovations that allowed this:

1st – Chitonous exoskeleton hardened and became more waterproof.

Later (after insects had already appeared) - wings.

Page 18: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.

“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera

Page 19: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

“Apterygotes” are wingless bugs and include things like silverfish and their relatives.

Page 20: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.

“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera

Page 21: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

The more primitive winges insecs includde mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and the ODONATA.

The ODONATA includes damselflies and dragon flies.

Page 22: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Original function of insect wings:

Probably not for flight, but for thermoregulation.

Page 23: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 24: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.

“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera

Page 25: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

LOTS and LOTS of insect groups:

Amongst the most important:

Coleptera (beetles)Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, others)Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)

Page 26: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Coleoptera (beetles)

Almost 33% of all known species on the planet.

Page 27: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 28: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 29: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 30: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, others)

Evolution of extreme examples of social systems

Page 31: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 32: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)

Important pollinators, night and day.

Page 33: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
Page 34: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Others

Nematoda

Arthropoda

Others

Platyhelminthes

Mollusca

Annelida

Ecdysozoa

Lophotrochozoa

Page 35: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.

Choanoflagella Porifora

Placozoa

Ctenophora

Cnidaria

Protostomia

Pterobranchia

Echinodermata

Hemichordata

Chordata

Animalia