NATURAL GAS SOLUTIONS FOR Multi-Family B ildi Buildings › ... ›...

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FORNATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FOR

Multi-FamilyB ildi

A product of theCommercial Buildings Consortium


Buildings

© Copyright 2009 Energy Solutions Center Inc. All rights reserved.© Copyright 2009 Energy Solutions Center Inc. All rights reserved.

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Technology Colleges & Universities

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Boilers ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●PTAC’PTAC’s ● ● ● ● ● ●Make Up Air ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Infrared Heaters ● ● ●In Suite In-Suite Systems ● ● ● ●WaterHeaters ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Booster Heaters ● ● ● ● ● ●Snow Melt Systems ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Cooking Equipment ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Absorption Cooling ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Cooling

Engine Drive Equipment ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●ThermalStorage ● ● ● ● ●Desiccant s ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Desiccant s ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Humidification ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Emergency Generators ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●CHP ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●CSST ● ● ● ● ● ●

Technology / Market Application Summary ChartMarket Segment

Technology Colleges & Universities

Elder Care

FoodService

HealthCare Lodging Multi-

FamilyNiche

BuildingsOffice

Buildings Retail Schools K-12

Outdoor Grills ● ● ●P ti H tPatio Heaters ● ● ● ●Fireplace Log Sets ● ● ● ●Gas Lights / Torches ● ● ● ●Pool Heaters ● ●Laundry Equipment ● ● ●Thermal Fluid Heaters ●

T bl f C t t

Natural GasComfort Solutions for Multi-Family Buildings

Table of ContentsSlide Contents

Natural Gas Your Best Energy Value7. Multi-Family Buildings – Big Industry – Big Savings8. Natural Gas is Good for the Environment9 Ch i th B t E V l9. Choosing the Best Energy Value10. Benefits of Natural Gas vs. Oil 11. Natural Gas vs. Electricity – The Big Picture (page 1 of 2)12. Natural Gas vs. Electricity – The Big Picture (page 2 of 2) 13. Natural Gas vs. Electricity – The Big Picture (alternate page

2 of 2)14. Comfort Solutions for Multi-Family Buildings – Applications

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FOR

15. Comfort Solutions for Multi-Family Buildings – Overview (page 1 of 2)

16. Comfort Solutions for Multi-Family Buildings – Overview (page 2 of 2)

Heating17. Natural Gas PTAC Units (page 1 of 2)

Multi-FamilyBuildings 18. Natural Gas PTAC Units (page 2 of 2)

19. Snow Melting Systems Fueled by Natural Gas20. In-Suite Natural Gas Systems Put Residents in Control

(page 1 of 2)21. In-Suite Natural Gas Systems Put Residents in Control

(page 2 of 2)

Buildings

Water Heating22. Economical Natural Gas Water Heating Pays For Itself23. Tankless vs. Tank Style Water Heaters

Cooking24. For Cooking, Residents Prefer Natural Gas

Commercial Buildings Consortium

Air Conditioning25. Natural Gas Cooling Putting a Chill on High Energy Costs26. Natural Gas Absorption Cooling27. Natural Gas Engine-Driven Cooling

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Humidity Control28. Humidity Control – An Excellent Choice29. Advantages of Natural Gas Humidification and

D h idifi ti f M lti F il B ildiDehumidification for Multi-Family Buildings 30. Optimum Relative Humidity Ranges for Healthier Indoor Air

Outdoor Appliances31. Natural Gas sets the Mood for Outdoor Entertaining32. Natural Gas Makes Grilling Easy33. The Waters Fine with a Natural Gas Pool Heater


Natural Gas Home Appliances34. Natural Gas Ranges35. Natural Gas Dryers36. Add Ambiance and Value with a Natural Gas Fireplace

Power GenerationMulti-FamilyBuildings 37. Natural Gas Backup Generators Deliver

38. CHP Can Cure Your Energy Concerns and Provide a Healthy, Reliable Operation

39. CHP: How It Works40. CHP: Systems Offer Many Benefits41. CHP: Resources and Options to Consider (page 1 of 3)42. Power Generating System Options (page 2 of 3)

Buildings

g y p (p g )43. Power Generating System Options (page 3 of 3)44. Efficiency of CHP (page 1 of 2)45. Efficiency of CHP (page 2 of 2)46. Emissions Benefits with CHP

Miscellaneous47. Green Buildings – Sustainability in Multi-Family Buildings

Commercial Buildings Consortium

47. Green Buildings Sustainability in Multi Family Buildings48. Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (page 1 of 2)49. Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (page 2 of 2)50. Energy Performance Contracting One Way to Make It

Happen

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Miscellaneous (continued)51. Benefits Beyond the Energy and Money Savings52. Natural Gas – Protecting Our Nation’s Environment and

S itSecurity53. Resources (page 1 of 2)54. Resources (page 2 of 2)55. Alternate Banner and Slide Graphic Materials (page 1 of 3)56. Alternate Banner and Slide Graphic Materials (page 2 of 3)57. Alternate Banner and Slide Graphic Materials (page 3 of 3)

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FORMulti-FamilyBuildingsBuildings

Commercial Buildings Consortium Page 3 of 3






ESC-12/05

Multi-Family Buildings –Big Industry, Big Energy SavingsN t l i ffi i t d li bl f l f i i t f li ti i lti f il b ildiNatural gas is an efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

The energy efficiency of multi-family housing is continuing to increase. Housing built in the 1990s is 8.5 percent more efficient than housing built in the 1980s, approximately 17 percent moreefficient than housing built in the 1970s and 1960s, and fully 23 percent more efficient than housing built before 1960. This is due in part to more efficient building technologies and appliances and in part to stronger building codes. Energy efficiency measures to retrofit multi-pp p g g gy yfamily housing can yield substantial reductions in energy use, and retrofits often show energy efficiency improvements of 30 percent to as high as 75 percent, depending on the initial state of the building.

Energy efficiency measures in new buildings can yield reductions in energy use of up to 20 percent. Depending on the energy efficiency measures, these buildings may be less expensive to design and build than a conventional building, or may require a small additional charge to improvedesign and build than a conventional building, or may require a small additional charge to improve building energy efficiency. Increasing the energy efficiency of multi-family buildings is a complex issue that requires not only design, but the incorporation of innovative technology designed to be energy efficient..

According to the U.S. Green Building Council, in the U.S. alone, buildings account for:

• 72% of electricity consumption72% of electricity consumption, • 39% of energy use, • 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, • 40% of raw materials use,• 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually), and• 14% of potable water consumption.

The unique challenge of multi family dwellings


The unique challenge of multi-family dwellings is the wide range of building types, including but not limited to:

• New facilities• Apartment Buildings• Condominiums

Parking str ct res


• Parking structures• Historical buildings• Mixed use

Making these diverse buildings more energy efficient is a unique challenge.





Natural GasSolutions for Multi-Family BuildingsN t l i ffi i t d li bl f l f i i t f li ti i lti f il b ildiNatural gas is an efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

Natural Gas is a smart choice for multi-family buildings.Energy conservation and sustainability practices are increasingly common in multi


practices are increasingly common in multi-family buildings. In fact residents not only want it, they demand it. Natural Gas offers energy efficient solutions for buildings, residents and the environment.


For a review of your facility’s energy and savings potential using natural gas technology, please contact us.





Choosing The Best Energy Value

When purchasing new or replacement equipment for your building, consider more than just energy prices to ensure that your long-term investment will give you high value for your energy dollar. Keep

t l d i t lenergy costs low, and increase your property value.

Beyond Energy Prices

Energy prices rise and fall based on changes in supply and demand, weather and economic activity, and world events. Historical price trends are an important indicator of long-term potential energy savings. This graph by the Energy Information Administration compares the prices of natural gas and oil and shows that natural gas prices have remained significantly lower than oil prices over time Localoil and shows that natural gas prices have remained significantly lower than oil prices over time. Local natural gas utilities further help cushion price fluctuations through storage, hedging and contracts.

Natural Gas – An Abundant, Domestic Energy

Unlike imports of oil from unreliable foreign sources, the majority of natural gas is produced in North America and in abundant supply. Estimates predict sufficient natural gas from U.S. sources to meet over 93 years of domestic production *over 93 years of domestic production.

Get All The Facts Before You Decide

Energy savings are easily quantified, but some fuels offer benefits that can be just as important as energy cost. Before deciding on the best equipment for your business, consider these factors when choosing an energy source.

• Increased property value

• Overall seasonal efficiency

• Auxiliary electric costs• Maintenance costs

O


• Onsite storage needs• Air quality• Reliability• Noise levels• Comfort• Ease of control• Serviceability

# 2 Heating Oil (Equivalent $ Per Dth)

Natural Gas


• Environmental liability• Equipment cleaning

* Based on U.S. production levels in 2000 and National Petroleum Council estimates.

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Annual Average U.S. Energy Prices: Base Case (Nominal Dollars) Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook (July 2005)





Benefits of Natural Gas vs. Oil

Each year, thousands of businesses choose to upgrade their equipment from fuel oil to natural gas. Natural gas is the energy choice for many reasons:

EfficientTotal delivered energy efficiency from wellhead to burner tip of natural gas is about 95% . Natural gas boilers maintain high equipment efficiency ratings; offer higher combustion efficiency over time without lossboilers maintain high equipment efficiency ratings; offer higher combustion efficiency over time without loss of efficiency due to soot build-up inside the boiler as a result of burning oil.

EconomicalGas equipment cost less to operate; pay for natural gas after you use it; level payment plans may be available; increases your property value; avoid ancillary costs of oil such as inventory, oil pumping and pre-heating

AvailableProduced in North America; delivered via in-ground pipe network; no delivery trucks; supports national security

ReliableAlways there; long equipment lifespan; guaranteed heat content; commission-regulated meters

Low MaintenanceCleaner, so less maintenance and repairs over the years; easier, more affordable maintenance; reduced service calls from clogged oil strainers

Environmental BenefitsReduces emissions; Clean Air Act compliant; retire your oil tanks

Fuel Type #’s CO2/MMBTU

Natural Gas 116.8


Reduces emissions; Clean Air Act compliant; retire your oil tanks

Quality of LifeNo smells, spills, or smoke; equipment runs quieter; safer

For some businesses, converting an oil-fired boiler to dual fuel capability makes sense. Dual fuel boilers reduce operating costs by letting you switch to your lowest cost energy option—either natural gas or oil If your boiler is critical to your business dual fuel

# 2 Oil 160.0

# 6 Oil 167.0


option—either natural gas or oil. If your boiler is critical to your business, dual fuel capability assures greater reliability and peace of mind.






Efficiency: Natural Gas vs. ElectricityThe Big Picture

Statements about electricity being 100% efficient are misleading. They simply focus on the efficiency at the end use device—an energy-using appliance or piece of equipment—and do not take into account the entire energy delivery process from generation to end use.

With electricity, a significant amount of energy is used just to produce the power that is ultimately delivered to an end user’s appliance or equipment. Since natural gas goes directly from the well to the consumer, more of its energy potential gets to the end user, making natural gas a more efficient energy choice overall.

The following shows that when comparing total energy expended during the production-through-delivery process to the net energy delivered to the end user, natural gas is almost 100% efficient and considerably more efficient than electricity.


Net Energy to the End User

For electricity, 29.98% of the energy inputs to the end user

For natural gas 95 45% of the energy from the well to the end user


For natural gas, 95.45% of the energy from the well to the end user

Source: Energy Information Administration of DOE





Statements abo t electricit being 100% efficient are misleading The do not take into acco nt the

Efficiency: Natural Gas vs. ElectricityThe Big PictureStatements about electricity being 100% efficient are misleading. They do not take into account the entire energy delivery process from generation to end use.

The illustration below shows how the total energy expended during the production-through-delivery process compared to the net energy delivered to the end user.

O ll t l i ffi i t th l t i itOverall, natural gas is more efficient than electricity.

Electricity100 % 97% 31%

Deliveredto Customer

~ 30%~ 30%

N t l GDistributionGeneration

100% 96% 1% ~95%Natural Gas

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FOR Extraction, Processing

& TransportationDistribution


For electricity, 29.98% of the energy inputs are delivered to the end userFor natural gas, 95.45% of the energy from the well is delivered to the end user






Efficiency: Natural Gas vs. ElectricityThe Big PictureStatements abo t electricit being 100% efficient are misleading The do not take into acco nt theStatements about electricity being 100% efficient are misleading. They do not take into account the entire energy delivery process from generation to end use.

The charts below illustrate the total energy expended during the production-through-delivery process compared to the net energy delivered to the end user.

Overall, natural gas is more efficient than electricity.

Natural Gas Flow(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Energy Consumed

(Trillion Cubic Feet)


To End User:11.86 Quad

BTUs

Energy Consumed To Generate Electricity:39.56 Quadrillion BTUs

Electricity Flow(Quadrillion Btu)


For electricity, 29.98% of the energy inputs to the end userFor natural gas, 95.45% of the energy from the well to the end user


(Quadrillion Btu)





Natural GasComfort Solutions for Multi-Family BuildingsNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.g y pp y g

Use natural gas for the following:Use natural gas for the following:

Space HeatingWater Heating Ranges/Dryers Fireplaces


Fireplaces Outdoor AppliancesPatio Heaters/Grills Humidity Control Air Conditioning


gPower Generation






Natural GasComfort Solutions for Multi-Family BuildingsNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

Natural Gas Boilers and Furnaces• Furnace efficiencies of over 90%• Variable-speed fan capabilities maintain a more even and comfortable temperature• Faster, warmer, more economical

g y pp y g

• Furnaces and boilers are well suited for new construction or replacement of existing boilers

In-Suite Gas Systems• Residents control comfort level and energy costs• Avoids whole-building heat loss• Flexible installation options to maintain building appearance

Natural Gas Water Heating• Efficiencies of over 90%• Operating cost typically 50% less than electric water heaters• More hot water delivered than electric water heater• Recovers in almost 1/3 of the time of electric water heaters

N t l G R /DNatural Gas Ranges/Dryers• Professional chefs prefer natural gas for cooking• Precise temperature control• Instant on – instant off• Gas dryers dry clothes faster• Clothes dry softer and fluffier• Economical to operate


p

Creating Ambience – Natural Gas Fireplaces, Fire Pits, Patio Heaters, Torches and Gaslights

• Cozy up to an inviting natural gas fireplace.• Patio heaters extend the outdoor entertaining season.• Gaslights light walkways with a warm, nostalgic glow even during power


outages• Create an exotic atmosphere while lighting the night and warming guests with natural gas torches and

fire pits

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Humidity ControlMaintaining 45% – 55% relative humidity year round provides a healthier and more comfortable environment for residentsDehumidification reduces problems with mold mildew damage to walls and facilities condensation on

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Dehumidification reduces problems with mold, mildew, damage to walls and facilities, condensation on inner surfaces of windows, etc.Proper humidification in the winter may help control the spread of viruses

Natural Gas Air Conditioning• Reduces electric demand and avoid electric ratchet penalties• Adds flexibility to your system and increase reliability • No CFCs with absorption chillers

Natural Gas Generators• Keeps you in business and profitable even during a power outage• Reliable – goes to work the minute electric service is interrupted• No “refueling” required – no storing, spilling or leaking fuel and no odors• Pay for fuel only when needed• Pay for fuel only when needed• No unsightly storage tanks

Combined Heat and Power (CHP)• Makes the most of your energy dollars• Lowers electric and overall energy costs• Improves power reliability and quality


• Helps the environment

A product of theCommercial Buildings ConsortiumPage 2 of 2






Natural Gas PTACsThe Ultimate in Individualized Comfort Control

Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners or PTACs are self-contained thru-the-wall heating and cooling units. Compact and stylish, PTACs can be a solution for small, compact work/living spaces of office buildings, hotels, motels, schools, apartments and other multi-occupant commercial buildings.commercial buildings.

Personalized Comfort

PTACs allow for individual temperature control so, regardless of the weather outdoors, room occupants are comfortable indoors. Residents choose the appropriate temperature to meet their personal comfort needs. Comfort is further enhanced by the quiet operation and warm, cozy heat you expect from natural gas heating.


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Save When You Buy

Building owners/operators appreciate the first cost benefits of natural gas PTACs. There is no need for expensive ductwork, central boilers, large mechanical equipment rooms, cooling towers or pumps so capital and installation costs are reduced. This also frees up valuable space for more productive leasing use. The compact design of today’s PTACs minimizes the


space needed for installation and the units require no floor space.





Continue Saving Over the Life of the Equipment

Natural Gas PTACsThe Ultimate in Individualized Comfort Control

The lower operating cost of natural gas compared to electric saves money over the life of the unit. In heating mode, natural gas saves about 50% on energy costs when compared to heat pumps. Compared to electric resistance heating, natural gas operating costs can be as much as 60% to 70% less.

In an example comparing operating costs for a natural gas and electric PTAC (figure 1), the estimated savings for heating an average 500 square-foot area with natural gas is $374/year. Even with a higher purchase cost, natural gas PTAC units can save as much as $2,700/year per unit compared to electric PTACs (figure 2).

Since PTACs function like a zoned system, further costs savings are possible by installing and turning units on or off only as needed, such as when living units are occupied or unoccupied.

Easy to Install, Easy to Maintain

PTACs are designed for simple installation and convenient maintenance and repair. The units slide in and out easily and can be replaced quickly minimizing downtime and disruption to facility operations. Natural gas models require no compressor in heat mode which contributes to longer equipment liferequire no compressor in heat mode which contributes to longer equipment life.

Electric$502.49

PTAC Operating Cost ComparisonNatural Gas vs. Electric

(for heating season)

PTAC Life Cycle CostNatural Gas vs. Electric

Estimated 10-year Savings* ($374 x 10 years) $ 3,744Natural Gas Purchase Premium (including installation) - $ 1,000

Natural Gas$128.08 Benefits of Gas PTACs vs. Electric PTACs

10-Year Savings with Natural Gas $ 2,744

*Assumes no change in energy costs

Figure 2


Savings with Natural Gas$374.41/unit/year

Electric-to-Gas Cost Ratio 3.92:1

Calculations based on 16,490,300 Btu for natural gas unit. Btu requirement for electric use reduced to 80% of natural gas requirement. Electric heater is assumed to be100% efficient. Annual savings of $374.41/unit calculated on a national average electric rate of $0.13/kWh and a natural

• Individual comfort control• Warm, comfortable gas heat• Lower operating cost• Capital and installation costs will be reduced – no central

plant, boilers, ductwork, cooling towers or pumps• Compact, space-saving design• Requires no floor space

Si l d i t i t ll i t t i


ggas rate of $.80/therm.

Conversion factor: 30.18kWh=1 therm.

Figure 1

• Simple design – easy to install, convenient to service• Minimizes disruptions and downtime• Heat/cool only areas in use





Snow Melting Systems Fueled by Natural Gas Keep Residents Moving Through Winter’s WorstLet it snow. Let it snow. Let it snow. So goes the popular refrain. But when winter storms blanket sidewalks and roadways with snow and ice, business owners sing a different tune.

Typically, snow and ice removal methods include shoveling, plowing or applying salt or chemicals. Melting snow and ice with a natural gas fueled snow melt system can be a less expensive and more effective and environmentally friendly alternative. Snow melting reduces maintenance costs by eliminating surface damage caused by plowing or chemicals that can also kill landscaping, increase clean up costs and degrade concrete. Labor costs drop when pathways and roads require minimal or no shoveling or plowing. g p p y q g p gOften, insurance companies offer lower rates when a snowmelt system is installed because ice-free walkways help reduce injuries from falls and avoid the associated costs of a lawsuit. Clean, cleared sidewalks invite more business, make residents and guests feel safer and put an end to unsightly salt and water tracked indoors.

Hydronic Snow Melt SystemsHydronic snow melt systems use a boiler, heat exchanger, or a waste heat source to heat

a fluid that is circulated through flexible piping imbedded in the solid surface of a floor, g p p g ,driveway, walkway or ramp.

In general, hydronic snowmelt systems fall into one of three design classifications: those that melt snow after it has fallen, those that melt half the snow while it is falling and the remaining half after it has fallen, and those that melt all snow and ice while it is falling.

When engineering a hydronic snowmelt system, the designer considers both typical and extreme usage conditions for the area in which the system will be installed.

Infrared HeatingInfrared heaters operate much like the sun by giving off radiant energy in the form of

infrared rays that heat solid objects in their path without heating the air through which they travel. That makes infrared heaters easy on budgets because all of their heat energy is used to warm the snow and ice covered surface with no heat loss to the intervening air. The

heaters provide instantaneous, direct heat and the surface remains warm and dry so there is no refreezing and residents avoid dangerous falls.


refreezing and residents avoid dangerous falls.

Compared to a hydronic snow melt system of similar size and capability, infrared heaters require a lower capital investment.

In addition to driveways, roadways and parking lots, applications for snow melt systems include:

• Brick pavers – eliminates damage by chemicals and difficulty of shoveling or plowing• Sidewalks/Entrance Ramps/Handicap Access Ramps – more inviting to and safer for

residents and employees when cleared of snow and ice


residents and employees when cleared of snow and ice• Stairs – eliminate potential for dangerous slips and falls by residents• Parking Garage Ramps – make it easier for vehicles to negotiate slopes and turns






In-Suite Natural Gas Systems Put Residents In Control

Many of today’s residents in multi-family buildings appreciate the control over energy costs that in-suite natural gas systems afford. Individual thermostats let residents control their temperature and comfort level without the uneven heating and cooling possible with central systems. In-suite heating, cooling and water heating systems are individually metered so customers pay for only the energy they use. Meters, gas piping and vents are hidden within internal or external architectural features, leaving an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the building. Additional natural gas appliances such as a gas range, gas dryer or natural gas fireplace are easily added to the in-suite system.

Natural gas systems are safe, reliable and, because they use energy-efficient natural gas usually cost less to operate than electric systemsefficient natural gas, usually cost less to operate than electric systems.

With the variety of options available, you’re sure to find the right system for your apartments, condos or townhouses.

Through the Wall Combination Heating/Cooling System

• Ideal where space is limited – fits into a small closet• No external condensers• Easy-service cooling system on slide-out chassis• Air is distributed through ducts or directly into the space• Self-contained, pre-wired and pre-charged


Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners (PTACs) (gas heating and electric air conditioning)

• Easy to install• Heats and cools a single room or zone• Highly efficient – 80% to 82%• Proven track record


Proven track record

Page 1 of 2





Combination Space and Hot Water (Combo Systems)

In-Suite Natural Gas Systems Put Residents In Control

Combination Space and Hot Water (Combo Systems)(heating and water heating – can add air conditioning)

• Provides simultaneous space and water heating• Fits into small closet or utility room or can be wall mounted• Direct vents through side wall – no chimney required• Air conditioning can be added to system

Gas-Fired Baseboard Heaters and Direct Wall Furnaces (heating only)

• Radiant heat for smaller rooms• Ideal replacement for electric baseboard heating• Safety shut-off valve

Sealed comb stion• Sealed combustion• Wall-mounted thermostat control• Small diameter wall vent• Some models require no electricity – works even during power outage• Can be installed on tile or hardwood floors • Requires minimal clearance to drapes

I t t d H ti d C li Fi lIntegrated Heating and Cooling Fireplace

• Primary heating and cooling with decorative fireplace• Requires no closet space – unobtrusive, go-anywhere installation• Highly efficient – up to 81%• Emergency heat back-up for room in which unit is located


Benefits of In-Suite Gas Systems

• Residents control comfort level and energy costs• Low operating and life cycle costs compared to electric• Additional gas appliances easily installed• Safe and reliable with sealed combustion

Benefits of In-Suite Gas Systems

• Residents control comfort level and energy costs• Low operating and life cycle costs compared to electric• Additional gas appliances easily installed• Safe and reliable with sealed combustion


• Avoids whole-building heat loss• Flexible installation options to maintain building appearance• Avoids whole-building heat loss• Flexible installation options to maintain building appearance

For a review of your building’s energy and savings potential using natural gas technology, please contact us.

Page 2 of 2






Economical natural gas water heating pays for itself … usually in 1-3 years

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Use the chart above to determine your payback period. Find your natural gas rate in the left-hand column. Then, find your electric rate across the top of the chart. Follow to the right from your gas rate and down from your electric rate. The point of intersection is your payback period in years.


Advantages of Natural Gas Water Heating• Lower operating costs – saves money• More efficient• Faster recovery: Heats water up to three times faster than electricity • More hot water from a tank gas water heater than an electric unit • Safe and reliable• Many models work without power and can still provide hot water in a black out • Options include Standard Tank Water Heater, High Efficiency Tank Water Heater, Indirect Water Heaters (uses a


Options include Standard Tank Water Heater, High Efficiency Tank Water Heater, Indirect Water Heaters (uses a boiler), Continuous Water Heater (Tankless), Combo heating (Boiler Summer-Winter hook up, or indirect water heating from boiler)

• Direct vent can be installed almost anywhere• Continuous water heaters never run out of water and no downtime waiting for water heater to recover






Multi-Family buildings choose natural gas more frequently than other energy sources for water heating

Tankless Continuous Models• Heat water as required• Never run out of water, continuous supply• No downtime waiting for water heater to recover and be

ready for use• Multiple units for higher flow rates

Insert

Picture

• Multiple units for higher flow rates

Tank Style Water Heaters• Saves money – costs less to operate than electric• Heat water up to three times as fast as electricity• Available in high efficiency models with 90%+ efficiencies

Here • Direct vent models require no chimney

Combo Systems• Provides simultaneous space/water heating• Direct venting requires no chimney

Gas water heaters recover faster and produce more hot water than electric water heaters – at a lower cost.

• Fits into small closet, utility room or mounts on wall• Boiler Summer-Winter hook-up or indirect water heating from boiler


Summary of Test Results

Water Heating SystemTest No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3

Monthly Operating Costs Hot Water Delivery (gal) Recovery Time (min:sec)

Electric 40 Gal Tank $ 24.97 62.3 61:04

A product of theCommercial Buildings Consortium* Taken from Performance Comparison of Residential Water Heating Systems for Okaloosa Gas District

Natural Gas 40 Gal Tank $ 23.93 95.5 21:35

Gas Fired Instantaneous $ 15.58 Continuous Hot Water No Recovery Required





For Cooking … Residents Prefer Natural Gas

Nine out of ten chefs prefer natural gas for cooking, and it’s not i i th t th d P i t t t l d i fi itsurprising that they do. Precise temperature control and infinite

temperature levels make it easy to perfectly cook delicate sauces at a simmer or pasta at a full boil.

The hotter burn temperatures of natural gas cook foods faster and more completely, saving you time, energy and money. More importantly, they can serve their families with confidence.

Greater Efficiency and Reliability Mean BetterGreater Efficiency and Reliability Mean Better EconomyNo electric elements to burn out or short out. Plus, gas equipment is durable and requires little maintenance.

Gas kitchens are not at a disadvantage compared to electric facilities when it comes to ventilation hoods. Most state codes require comparable ventilation for both gas and electric equipment to exhaust grease vapors, smoke, fumes, steam, odors and heat.

Flexibility Is KeyToday’s natural gas cooking equipment is more flexible than ever for all types of cooking. State-of-the-art gas appliances are all designed to save time and money.

Natural Gas … Your Best Energy ValueNatural gas is affordable, offering lower operating costs and reducing electric demand charges. It’s clean and better for the environment And natural gas is good for home land security reasons because it is a domestic


better for the environment. And natural gas is good for home land security reasons because it is a domestic energy, easing dependence on unreliable and volatile foreign energy sources.

There are many good reasons why cooks prefer natural gas, but one of the most important is the versatility of cooking options. No matter what your menu specialties, there’s a natural gas appliance to meet your needs.







Natural Gas Cooling Putting a Chill on High Energy CostsNatural gas cooling options can help to reduce energy costs in multi-family residence buildings. New gas cooling technologies, developed and produced over the last decade, can lower operating costs and eliminate electric peak demand charges. Available as standard, larger packaged units or custom-designed systems, natural gas cooling requires less maintenance and offers improved environmental performance.

Gas Cooling Options: Absorption and Engine-DrivenGas Cooling Options: Absorption and Engine-Driven

Absorption systems rely on a cycle of condensation and evaporation to produce cooling. The process is driven by a heat source—either a gas burner or recovered thermal energy—and is available in single or double-effect designs Absorptionor double effect designs. Absorption systems are quiet and low-maintenance, making them well suited to multi-family facilities.

Engine-driven cooling systems operate in a manner similar to electric cooling systems, substituting a natural gas engine for thesubstituting a natural gas engine for the electric motor. System efficiency is improved by optimizing the ability to use the heat recovered from the engine to produce domestic hot water and other thermal loads. Smaller packaged units are available for capacities ranging from less than 25 to over 1,000 tons.


Advantages of Natural Gas Cooling Systems• Reduces energy costs• Eliminates electric demand charges• Good for the environment• Reliable, plentiful energy source• Options to suit virtually any application

Advantages of Natural Gas Cooling Systems• Reduces energy costs• Eliminates electric demand charges• Good for the environment• Reliable, plentiful energy source• Options to suit virtually any application


Options to suit virtually any application• Avoid electric system upgrade charges when adding new

cooling equipment

Options to suit virtually any application• Avoid electric system upgrade charges when adding new

cooling equipment






Natural Gas Absorption Cooling Helping to Clear the Air Economically and Efficiently

Absorption cooling operates similarly to conventional electric vapor compression chillers with some very important differences Absorption s stems se distilled ater and either nonto ic lithi m bromide orimportant differences. Absorption systems use distilled water and either nontoxic lithium bromide or ammonia, thereby eliminating harmful chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) common to electric systems. Other significant differences include the use of heat, rather than a compressor, as the driving force, and lower pressure/vacuum conditions. Heat for the absorption process can be supplied directly by a gas burner or indirectly from the recovered waste heat of a cogeneration system, hot water or steam. The differences between natural gas absorption cooling and traditional electric systems translate into significant benefits for multi-family buildings. These systems have no large rotating components which

id f d i t ti hi h li bilit d l i t N t l b tiprovides a safer and quieter operation, higher reliability and low maintenance. Natural gas absorption systems are available as chillers or chiller/heaters and incorporate heat exchanger technology to improve efficiency and lower operating costs.

• Although the process is similar to conventional electric vapor compression systems, absorption

Simplified Diagram of a Single-effect Absorption Cycle

p p y , pcooling substitutes a generator and absorber, commonly called a thermal compressor, for the electric compressor.

• Efficiency and lower operating costs are achieved through the use of a pump, rather than a compressor, and a heat exchanger to recover and supply heat to the generator. pp y g

• Double-effect absorption cooling adds a second generator and condenser to increase the refrigerant flow and cooling effect for a fraction of the heat input of a single-effect system.

Advantages of Natural Gas Absorption CoolingAdvantages of Natural Gas Absorption Cooling


• Heat and cool with the same unit• Usually lowers operating costs – higher efficiency on a source basis• Eliminates environmentally harmful CFCs and HCFCs• Safe, quiet and dependable operation• Reliable, low maintenance• Direct-fired absorber has a smaller footprint than an electric chiller with boiler• Effective for heat recovery applications

• Heat and cool with the same unit• Usually lowers operating costs – higher efficiency on a source basis• Eliminates environmentally harmful CFCs and HCFCs• Safe, quiet and dependable operation• Reliable, low maintenance• Direct-fired absorber has a smaller footprint than an electric chiller with boiler• Effective for heat recovery applications


• Effective for heat recovery applications• Initial costs quickly offset by energy savings• Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy• Available as dedicated chiller or chiller/heater in single or double-effect systems• Sizes from several to over 1,000 tons• Can use waste heat from a CHP system or in a hybrid cooling system

• Effective for heat recovery applications• Initial costs quickly offset by energy savings• Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy• Available as dedicated chiller or chiller/heater in single or double-effect systems• Sizes from several to over 1,000 tons• Can use waste heat from a CHP system or in a hybrid cooling system





Natural Gas Engine-Driven Cooling An Economical Alternative to High Electric CostsSignificant cost savings, coupled with superior performance, make this technology an ideal choice for multi family residence buildings Like an electric powered system natural gas engine driven coolingmulti-family residence buildings. Like an electric-powered system, natural gas engine-driven cooling systems use vapor compression equipment and a vapor compression cycle to cool and dehumidify building air. In the gas system, an engine replaces the electric motor, allowing for variable-speed operating capability and greater efficiency when operating partial loads, an important feature in air conditioning applications. Efficiency is further enhanced when waste heat from the engine jacket and exhaust gas is recovered to supply thermal energy for domestic hot water, steam generation and other applications which reduces total energy needs. Gas engine-driven cooling is an economical alternative t hi h l t i t d l t i k d d h idi ti t i th tto high electric costs and electric peak demand charges, providing operating cost savings that can easily offset equipment cost.

Simplified Diagram of a Vapor Compression Water Chiller Cycle

Smaller units use air coils, rather than f

High PressureVapor (2)

High PressureLiquid (3)

Cooling Water

chilled water, to remove heat from the condenser and to cool and dehumidify the conditioned air with the evaporator. Depending on tonnage requirements, a reciprocating, screw, or single or multiple-stage centrifugal compressor may be used. Replacing the electric motor with a

L P

ExpansionValve

Compressor

Engine

natural gas engine facilitates more efficient part load operation, thermal energy recovery, and reduced total operating cost.

Advantages of Natural Gas Engine-Driven CoolingAdvantages of Natural Gas Engine-Driven Cooling

Low PressureVapor (1)

Low PressureLiquid/Vapor (4)

Chilled Water


Advantages of Natural Gas Engine Driven Cooling

• Potentially lower operating costs• Variable speed for efficient part load operation• Engine heat recovery for domestic hot water and other thermal energy needs• Environmentally friendly• Initial costs quickly offset by energy savings• Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy

Advantages of Natural Gas Engine Driven Cooling

• Potentially lower operating costs• Variable speed for efficient part load operation• Engine heat recovery for domestic hot water and other thermal energy needs• Environmentally friendly• Initial costs quickly offset by energy savings• Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy


Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy• Sizes ranging from less than 25 tons to over 1,000 tons• Capable of providing leaving chilled water temperatures below 42oF

Innovative leasing options and shared savings programs make converting easy• Sizes ranging from less than 25 tons to over 1,000 tons• Capable of providing leaving chilled water temperatures below 42oF






Humidity Control – An Excellent Choice for Multi-Family BuildingsMulti Family BuildingsNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

• Contribute to resident and employee health and comfort

• Protect expensive equipment and furnishingsProtect expensive equipment and furnishings • Inhibit growth of disease-causing microbes• Improve air quality• Reduce energy costs

Importance of Good Indoor Air QualityHeightened efficiency concerns, resulting in more tightly constructed buildings with less ventilation, have created an entirely new set of issues with regard to indoor air quality. Indoor air pollutants contributed by combustion sources, furnishings, cleaning products and construction materials can adversely affect the health and comfort of building occupants to varying degrees. Likewise, humidity levels can also affect human health and comfort.

The optimum humidity level for health is considered to be in the 45% to 55% range. Higher or lower levels can be a problem. High humidity levels encourage the growth of bacteria, mold, fungi and other disease-causing microbes. Low humidity aggravates asthma and other allergy and respiratory-related illnesses. Both contribute to resident and worker discomfort.

Humidity Control Improves Your Bottom LineHumidity control offers significant bottom line advantages. Air that is too dry or too moist can adversely affect “dry store” foods that do not require refrigeration. Dry air contributes to static electricity, which can negatively impact computers and other electronic equipment and deliver unwanted shocks to residents. Too much or too little moisture can damage furnishings wall coverings flooring and ceiling tiles


Too much or too little moisture can damage furnishings, wall coverings, flooring and ceiling tiles. Additionally, well-maintained humidity levels help control odors from cleaning and disinfecting products and from the growth of mold and mildew.

Natural gas humidification and dehumidification systems can add moisture to indoor air during cold, dry winter months and wring excess moisture from hot, humid indoor air during the summer, contributing to improved indoor air quality.







The Advantages of Natural Gas Humidification and Dehumidification for Multi-Family Buildings

Natural gas desiccant dehumidification systems dry indoor air to . . .• Reduce growth of disease-causing microbes• Control odors, mold and mildew• Eliminate condensation• Increase resident, employee and visitor comfort

f• Prevent damage to furnishings, carpeting, tiles, and other building materials

Natural gas humidification systems add moisture to dry indoor air to . . . • Inhibit respiratory infections and allergy-related illnesses • Eliminate dangers of static electricity• Protect paintings and other works of artp g• Prevent damage to wall and floor coverings and furnishings • Improve resident, employee and visitor comfort

Natural gas humidification and dehumidification can improve your bottom line and . . .

All HVAC t t t t i ffi i• Allow HVAC systems to operate at maximum efficiency• Improve resident comfort and satisfaction• Eliminate environments that foster microbial growth and odors• Protect expensive equipment and furnishings• Saves on mold removal and re-painting • Ensure precise temperature and humidity control for suites and common areas

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FOR Improve your bottom line satisfaction

with natural gas humidification and desiccant dehumidification. Contact us to find out how.






Optimum Relative Humidity Ranges for Healthier Indoor AirNumerous studies done by ASHRAE and other indoor air quality experts suggest an optimum relative humidity (Rh) range of 45 to 55%. Too much or too little moisture can cause a variety of health threats and illnesses.

Percent Relative Humidity

ouve

r, B

.C.

nd A

ssoc

iate

s, L

td.,

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coe:

The

odor

D. S

terli

ng a

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This chart shows the humidity levels at which the listed microbes and health problems are likely to flourish. As the width of the bar increases, potential health problems increase and indoor air quality diminishes For example virus growth is unsupported at humidity levels of

Optimum Relative Humidity Range = 45% to 55%

Sou

rce


indoor air quality diminishes. For example, virus growth is unsupported at humidity levels of 50% to 70%, but its growth rates steadily increase above and below this range with maximum growth at 0% and 100% relative humidity.

Learn if natural gas equipment for humidification and desiccant dehumidification can improve indoor air quality in your facility. Contact us to find out how.





Natural Gas Sets the Mood for a Outdoor EntertainingNatural gas can help turn a pleasant evening outdoors into a memorable occasion for your residents and their guests. Whether it’s a cozy fireplace or a blazing outdoor fire pit, a softly glowing gaslight or a flaming torch, natural gas lets you create an atmosphere that sets your building apart from the competition From elegant tonatural gas lets you create an atmosphere that sets your building apart from the competition. From elegant to exotic, cozy to contemporary, there’s a natural gas option to complement virtually any decor.

And, there are many practical, bottom line reasons for including these specialty gas appliances in your design plan. Patio heaters keep residents comfortable and let you put outdoor areas to use during cool weather. Outdoor fireplaces and fire pits also extend the productive use of outdoor areas and offer a great gathering place for good conversation. Gaslights and torches provide extra lighting for added safety and security along walkways and sidewalks. All these add up to make your property more attractive to potential renters or buyers.

Create a distinctive ambience and make your multi-family facility more profitable with:

Natural Gas Fireplaces and Fire Pits • Outdoor models provide warmth on cool evenings, extending the profitable use of

outdoor areas• Instant-on, instant-off convenience• No messy ashes to clean up or wood to carryy p y• Safe – no flying sparks or popping embers• Creates a distinctive atmosphere and focal point for conversation• Uses clean-burning, environmentally friendly natural gas

Natural Gas Patio or Courtyard Heaters• Quick disconnect connectors let tenants add outdoor appliances where they want them• Allows residents and their guests to eat a meal or share a drink on a patio, walkway orAllows residents and their guests to eat a meal or share a drink on a patio, walkway or

entry area when the weather turns cool• Push-button ignition, ready-to-use• Convenient and clean burning• Weatherproof -- corrosion-resistant stainless steel construction• Adjustable heat controls and 100% safety shut-off• Requires no electricity

G G


Gaslights and Natural Gas Torches• Soft, pleasant glow with no harsh glare• Stays lit even during power outages • Improves safety and security around driveways, walkways, entries and patio• Doesn’t attract flying insects • Adds charm, ambiance and value to your building • Attractive designs and versatile installation options, including post, pier and wall-


mounted styles to enhance your décor






Natural Gas Makes Grilling EasyNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

Charcoal and lighter fluid or refilling propane tanks are a thing of the past with a natural gas grill. Grilling is easy with instant-on, instant-off

t l d l i b C t t d d d k illcontrols and cleanup is a breeze. Cart-mounted and deck grills can move anywhere, including to resident storage, thanks to new quick connect/disconnect technology. For the ultimate in grilling convenience and style, high-end grills in free standing or built-in models are available. Increase the appeal of the your building by installing gas convenience outlets to resident units to accommodate natural gas grills.


• Easily install quick disconnects for portable applications• More economical than propane• Never run out of fuel• Instant-on, instant-off • Quicker, more even cooking• Transforms juices and drippings into flavor-enhancing smoke• No running to the store for charcoal and lighter fluid


• No running to the store for charcoal and lighter fluid • No tanks to refill• Grill even during power outages






Come On In … The Water’s Fine with a Natural Gas Pool/Spa HeaterNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

A pool can be a source of fun for residents and a central selling point when renting or selling a multi-family suite, but an unheated pool can put a chill on customer enthusiasm and sales. No matter what the weather outside, a natural gas pool/spa heater maintains the perfect water temperature any time of the year. Natural gas pool heaters are efficient, cost less to operate and heat water faster than electric units. With a wide range of sizes to choose from, a natural gas pool/spa heater can be installed poolside or hidden in a nearby cabana and can meet the heating needs of even larger pools. Keep residents comfortable and the fun going year round with a natural gas pool/spa heater


pool/spa heater.

Natural Gas Pool/Spa Heaters Offer These Benefits• Up to 97% efficient• Uses less energy and costs less to operate than electric heaters• Heats water faster• Requires only a small space – install pool side or nearby• Wide selection of sizes and heating capacities

Natural Gas Pool/Spa Heaters Offer These Benefits• Up to 97% efficient• Uses less energy and costs less to operate than electric heaters• Heats water faster• Requires only a small space – install pool side or nearby• Wide selection of sizes and heating capacities


• Wide selection of sizes and heating capacities• Long life with no electric elements to burn out• Wide selection of sizes and heating capacities• Long life with no electric elements to burn out






Natural Gas Home AppliancesNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

Natural gas ranges add value and appeal to your building. And, with in-suite natural gas service, it’s easier than ever to give your tenants the economy and superior performance of natural gas cooking. Natural gas ranges offer a variety of convenience features and come in sizes to fit virtually any space.

Natural Gas Ranges

The precise temperature control and instant-on, instant-off convenience of a natural gas range will have the residents in your building cooking like a pro. Residents will appreciate the sealed burners for easy cleanup and the closed-door, smokeless broiling. You’ll appreciate the economy of natural gas. Natural gas ranges pp y g g goperate for a fraction of the cost of electricity and pilotless ignition saves 40% to 50% of cooking energy.

Natural gas ranges use a standard range hood and require no additional venting. With free standing, slide-in, double oven gas ranges and separate cook tops and ovens to choose from, natural gas ranges can add convenience and style to the kitchens in your b ildibuilding.

Now You’re Cooking with Natural Gas

• Instant-on, instant-off

Now You’re Cooking with Natural Gas

• Instant-on, instant-off


• Precise temperature control• Economical to operate• Pilotless ignition – saves 40% to 50% of cooking energy• Sealed burners for easy cleanup• Closed door, smokeless broiling• Operates even during power outages• No additional venting required

• Precise temperature control• Economical to operate• Pilotless ignition – saves 40% to 50% of cooking energy• Sealed burners for easy cleanup• Closed door, smokeless broiling• Operates even during power outages• No additional venting required


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Natural Gas Home AppliancesNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

Natural gas dryers add value and appeal to your building. And, with in-suite natural gas service, it’s easier than ever to give your customers the economy and superior performance of natural gas drying Natural gas dryers offer a variety of convenience features

Natural Gas Dryers

The gentle heat of natural gas drying leaves clothes feeling soft and fluffy with less wrinkling and static cling. Natural gas dryers are easy and efficient to operate with state of the art electronic

drying. Natural gas dryers offer a variety of convenience features and come in sizes to fit virtually any space.

are easy and efficient to operate with state-of-the-art electronic temperature controls and pilotless ignition. Zero clearance requirements, continuous run CSST and flexible aluminum duct make installation a breeze. Stackable and side-by-side models are available for in-suite or central laundry facilities.

Warm Up to the Advantages of Natural Gas Dryers

• Operates for a fraction of the cost of electric• Dries clothes faster• Clothes dry softer and fluffier• Gentle on clothes – less static cling• Easy installation

Warm Up to the Advantages of Natural Gas Dryers

• Operates for a fraction of the cost of electric• Dries clothes faster• Clothes dry softer and fluffier• Gentle on clothes – less static cling• Easy installation


Easy installationEasy installation







Add Ambience and Value to Your Multi-Family Suites with a Natural Gas FireplaceNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of applications in multi-family buildings.

There’s nothing like a cozy fireplace on a cool spring or fall evening or a snowy winter night. Today’s natural gas fireplaces with their realistic gas logs, flickering flames and glowing embers are difficult to distinguish from a wood-burning fireplace. g p

A natural gas fireplace will warm your bottom line as well, making your suites and common areas more attractive to potential buyers or renters and adding to the value of your property. The convenience and safety of a natural gas fireplace will charm your residents. With natural gas, there’s no wood to store and carry, no danger of flying sparks or popping embers, and no ashes to clean up. Natural gas fireplaces also eliminate creosote build-up and the cost of annual chimney cleanings.

The variety of styles and models lets you install a natural gas fireplace virtually anywhere, including one of the newest models designed for outdoor use. Fireplaces are also available that provide integrated primary heating and cooling

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along with a decorative fireplace.

For common areas and individual suites, natural gas fireplaces add warmth, beauty and ambience to any room. They are available in a variety of styles and price ranges to fit any budget and may be installed anywhere there is a gas line.

Get Cozy with the Advantages of a Natural Gas Fireplace

• Highly efficient Instant on instant off push button convenience


• Highly efficient – Instant-on, instant-off push-button convenience• Realistic appearance – without the work and mess of a wood-burning fireplace• Easy to install and maintain -- install virtually anywhere• Safe – no flying sparks or popping embers, no creosote buildup• Requires no electricity – uses clean-burning natural gas• Attractive selling point that improves property value





Multi-Family Buildings Depend on Electric Power –Natural Gas Backup Generators DeliverNatural Gas Backup Generators Deliver

Weather, accidents, failed utility equipment, brownouts or blackouts, and natural or manmade disasters can interrupt the electric service to your building at any time. When that happens, residents are in the dark. Meal preparation stops, costly food products begin to spoil, electronicequipment and computers go down, and residents are left uncomfortable.

For many facilities, a power loss can be costly. If your building can’t afford a power outage a natural gas back upbuilding can t afford a power outage, a natural gas back-up generator is the answer. A natural gas back-up generator

goes to work supplying electricity for HVAC equipment, refrigerators, essential lighting, anywhere electricity is needed.

The generator operates on a dependable, efficient natural gas engine. It turns on automatically whenever electric service is interrupted and transfers the electric load back to the utility once power p y pis restored. Most gas generators are equipped with controls to handle brief electric interruptions.

With natural gas generators, there is no worry about storing, spilling or leaking fuel and no fuel odors. The generator runs off the existing natural gas lines currently serving your buildings. The units run continuously unlike liquid fueled systems that can only run uninterrupted for 2-3 days. And you pay for the natural gas only when you need it. Compared to gasoline, natural gas generators cost less to operate and eliminate the hazard of storing a flammable fuel. Cleaner combustion and

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quieter engine operation make natural gas generators a superior choice for educational facilities.

• Dependable – keeps your residents comfortable, even during a power outage• Reliable – goes to work the minute electric service is interrupted• No “refueling” required – no storing, spilling or leaking fuel and no odors• Pay for fuel only when needed• No unsightly storage tanks


• No unsightly storage tanks• Safe






Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Can Cure Your Energy Concerns and Provide a Healthy, Reliable Operationy

Combined heat and power (CHP) and cogeneration are just two of the most common terms referring to the application of technologies to generate electricity and thermal energy from a single, highly efficient, and economically integrated system. y

In contrast to traditional central power generation from a local utility, CHP systems are located on or near the user’s facility and satisfy all or part of its electricity requirements. Conventional power generation converts on average only about a third of its fuel’s potential energy into electricity,

throwing off substantial heat during the process. The CHP system captures this wasted heat, g g yachieving total system efficiencies of 75% to 85%, and turns it into usable thermal energy for hot water, space heating, cooling, even dehumidification. It does this more efficiently, economically, reliably and with less harm to the environment than centralized, dedicated electric production.

CHP: A Brief HistoryCHP systems date back more than 100 years and were the most common electricity generators in the U S until improved cost and reliability of central power production made it more convenient forthe U.S. until improved cost and reliability of central power production made it more convenient for users to purchase their electricity. With the energy crisis of the 70s, U.S. industries re-discovered the benefits of CHP. Currently, approximately 56,000 MW of CHP generation is in operation in the U.S. The CHP industry, DOE and EPA are committed to doubling that number by 2010.

CHP Is Right for Multi-Family Buildings Today.Technological developments in the 90s have made a wider range of cost effective CHP systems suitable for medium to large size multi family buildings Many facilities with high and year round


suitable for medium to large size multi-family buildings. Many facilities with high and year-round thermal loads can take advantage of these benefits offered by CHP:

• Improves overall energy efficiency and fuel utilization• Lowers electric and overall energy costs• Reduces NOx, SOx and CO2 emissions• Offers power reliability during outages

E h lit


• Enhances power quality






CHP: How It WorksCombined Heat and Power (CHP) systems optimize energy dollars by utilizing the heat normally lost during centralized production of electricity to provide thermal energy for hot water, space heating, and cooling. It does this through the integration of a power system (such as an engine or turbine) and a heat recovery system (usually a boiler), located on or near the user’s facility.

Campus institutions, such as multiple unit resident complexes, often benefit from aggregating energy needs in a district energy CHP system. Advances in reciprocating engines and micro turbines with capacities starting at 25kW now make it feasible for single building users to taketurbines with capacities starting at 25kW now make it feasible for single-building users to take advantage of CHP technology.

A variety of approaches to system design have evolved, including firms that can provide design and build services, independent builder/owner/operators, and vendors who offer comprehensive energy supply and services.

This example compares electric generation from a large power plant (source) versus an individual CHP plant (site). A CHP system achieves an efficiency of up to 85% compared to a separate heat

d t ffi i fand power system efficiency of only 45%. By capturing the “waste” heat from power generation, CHP delivers total system efficiencies of 75% to 85%. CHP is well suited to facilities with higher thermal loads, consistent electric and


loads, consistent electric and thermal energy requirements, and round-the-clock operations.

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) F i f


• Improves efficiency• Lowers energy costs• Reduces harmful emissions• Offers improved power reliability

and quality






Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems Offer Many Benefits for Multi-Family Buildings

CHP systems improve energy efficiency and reduce energy costs.

• Total system efficiencies of 75% to 85%• Cuts energy costs by as much as 40%• Produces power at rates lower than electric utility• Reduces peak electric energy costs and demand charges

R d t h t l t d i ti i t bl th l• Recovers and turns heat lost during power generation into usable thermal energy• Simple paybacks on investment as little as 2 to 3 years• Helps contribute to U.S. economic growth through more efficient use of resources and capital

CHP systems help the environment.

• Significantly reduces emissions of NOx, SOx and CO22• Helps business meet mandated air pollution limits• Efficiently and economically prevents, rather than treats, polluting emissions

CHP systems enhance power reliability and quality.

• Reduces vulnerability to power outages, especially for critical equipment and computer systemssystems

• Reduces or eliminates dependence on electric utility• Ratio of electrical and thermal energy can be easily varied

CHP systems are right for multi-family buildings.

• Design options range from large district energy systems for multi-building complexes to small k d t t t th d f lti f il b ildi


packaged systems to meet the needs of multi-family buildings• Well suited to high thermal loads and consistent electrical/thermal needs • System components, selected from an array of technologically advanced equipment choices,

can be optimized to meet users needs







CHP– Resources and Options to Consider

Combined Heat and Power: Technical, Economic and Energy Considerations

A CHP system consists of two main components: A power generation unit and a heat recovery unit. To p g yintegrate these components into the most efficient and economical system, a designer can choose from several equipment options to best meet the user’s energy and operational needs.

A well-designed CHP system can reduce energy costs, improve power reliability and quality, and meet or p o e po e e ab ty a d qua ty, a d eet oexceed pollution emission standards. No one approach to system design dominates. Most projects involve some of the following:

• electric utility • equipment manufacturers• engineering firms

A variety of alternative service levels are available, ranging from build/design, build/own/operate to comprehensive energy supply/services.

• engineering firms• construction firms• independent energy service companies and/or • independent power developers.


To accurately develop a technical and economic feasibility assessment for a CHP plant, the designer gathers customer-specific data about utility rates and charges, the planned CHP site, energy use, and equipment. Gathering site data is a critical phase of the evaluation process. This allows for accurate assessment of savings potential without going through all the rigorous design steps, thus reducing up front costs and still providing an accurate estimate of project costs and potential energy and energy cost savings.







Power Generating System Options

Reciprocating EnginesReciprocating Engines

There are two basic types of reciprocating engines—spark ignition and compression ignition. Natural gas is the preferred fuel for spark ignition engines and, due to emissions concerns, natural gas is increasing in popularity over diesel for compression engines. Today’s natural gas engines offer low first cost, fast start-up, proven reliability

h l i t i d ll t l d f ll i h t i ti dwhen properly maintained, excellent load-following characteristics and significant heat recovery potential. Facility capacities range from 30kW to 30MW.

Thermal loads most suited to engine-driven CHP systems in commercial/institutional buildings are space heating and water heating. Its use for absorption cooling and/or distributed energy system dehumidification could increase the size and improve the economics of CHP. Primary applications for CHP in commercial/institutional buildings are those with high, steady electric and thermal energy demandsdemands.

Gas Turbines

Gas turbines produce high quality heat that can be used for district heating steam requirements or recuperated and used to either improve the efficiency of power generation or generate steam to drive a steam turbine in a combined cycle plant Low maintenance anda steam turbine in a combined-cycle plant. Low maintenance and high quality waste heat make gas turbines a preferred choice for many large commercial CHP applications. Sizes range from several hundred kilowatts to over several hundred megawatts.

When used to generate power on site, gas turbines are often used in combined heat and power mode where energy in the turbine exhaust provides thermal energy to the facility. Simple cycle gas turbine CHP applications are most prevalent in smaller installations typically less than 40 MW


turbine CHP applications are most prevalent in smaller installations, typically less than 40 MW. Steam or hot water is produced in an unfired heat recovery steam generator and sent into a central thermal loop for campus space heating during winter months or to single-effect absorption chillers to provide cooling during the summer.

Microturbines

Mi t bi ll l t i it t th t b ith


Microturbines are small electricity generators that burn either a gaseous (natural gas) or liquid fuel to create high-speed rotation that turns an electrical generator. Sizes range from 30 to 400kW. Microturbines are ideally suited to CHP due to their installation flexibility, ability to serve larger loads, ability to provide stable and reliable power, and low emissions.





Power Generating System Options

Steam TurbinesUnlike gas turbine and reciprocating engine CHP systems, where heat is a byproduct of power generation steam turbines normally generateis a byproduct of power generation, steam turbines normally generate electricity as a byproduct of heat (steam) generation. Energy is transferred from a boiler to the turbine through high-pressure steam that in turn powers the turbine and generator. In CHP applications, steam at lower pressure is extracted from the steam turbine and used directly for district heating or converted to other forms of thermal energy including hot or chilled water. Steam turbine capacities can range from 50kW to several hundred MWrange from 50kW to several hundred MW.

Steam turbines offer the advantages of extremely long life, simple maintenance and the ability to operate with a variety of fuels. Steam turbines are suited to use in building complexes where large amounts of steam relative to electricity are needed.

Fuel Cells Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electricity, producing recoverable heat as a byproduct. Hydrogen (usually derived from natural gas, gasoline or propane) and oxygen fuel the chemical reaction. Many fuel cells are under development, but only one suitable for CHP application (a 200kW phosphoric acid fuel cell) is currently available. Fuel cells are silent, produce no pollutants, have no moving parts, and have potential fuel efficiencies far beyond the most advanced reciprocating engine or gas turbine power generation systems.

Over 200 of the units that have been sold have achieved over 4 million operating hours in a variety of distributed generation applications These range from a New York City police station to a majordistributed generation applications. These range from a New York City police station to a major postal facility in Alaska and a credit card processing system in Nebraska.

Combined Cycle Plants The combined cycle plant integrates two types of prime movers (a gas turbine and a steam turbine — capturing many of the advantages of both) with a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). The combined cycle plant can provide large amounts of power on short notice with its


cycle plant can provide large amounts of power on short notice with its quick start-up time. It has a short delivery time, a low heat rate, and its capital cost is an effective compromise between pure gas and steam turbines. These plants are very large, typically rated in the hundreds of mega-watts.

Heat Recovery SystemsHeat recovery systems generally involve some type of boiler or a heat recovery steam generator


y y g y yp y g(HRSG). The simple cycle gas turbine is the least efficient arrangement since there is no recovery of heat in the exhaust gas. By adding a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), exhaust heat can generate steam or hot water. Larger gas turbines (typically above 25 MW) are frequently used in combined cycles where high-pressure steam is produced in the HRSG and is used in a steam turbine to generate additional electricity.

A boiler that generates steam recovers heat from the exhaust, and uses that steam to provide





thermal energy for space heating, cooling, and hot water. Significant heat is released in a fuel cell during electrical generation. Some operate at lower temperatures and produce lower grades of waste heat generally suitable for commercial and industrial CHP applications. Other types operate at much higher temperatures and produce heat that is sufficient to generate additional electricity with a steam turbine or a microturbines hybrid gas turbine combined cycle.

Overall Efficiency of CHPB tt th P h d PBetter than Purchased Power

CHP versus Separate Heat and Power Production

68 Units(Losses)

Combined Heat and Powerproduces electricity and thermalenergy from a single fuel with

75% Overall Efficiency

Separate Heat and Powerproduces electricity and thermal

energy from two separate energy sources with

49% Overall EfficiencyEnergyOutputs

154 100ElectricityElectricity

H tH t

GRID

BOILER

CHP30

Units

45

5% O e a c e cy

FuelInputFuel

Outputs

HeatHeatBOILER

11 Units(Losses)

25 Units(Losses)

UnitsInput

Input

NATURAL GASSOLUTIONS FORNote: These figures use national averages for electricity produced

for the grid and also incorporate transmission losses.


Source: Tina Kaarsberg and Joseph Roop, “Combined Heat and Power: How Much Carbon Energy It Can Save for Manufacturers?”





Overall Efficiency of CHP

B tt th C ti l P G tiBetter than Conventional Power Generation

Conventional Power Generation

Combined Heat & Power5 MW Natural Gas

Conventional Power Generation versus CHP

Power Station Fuel

Losses( 72 )

Losses( 17 )

Power GenerationCombustion Turbine

CombinedHeat And

Power

Power Station

Fuel( 103 )

CHP Fuel100Losses

( 13 )

Total Fuel 168

Electricity31

Heat

Efficiency = 30%

BoilerBoiler Fuel( 65 )

52

Total Efficiency49% 83%

Efficiency = 80%


Note: These figures use national averages for electricity produced for the grid and also incorporate transmission losses.


Source: United States Combined Heat and Power Association Report –Natural Gas Impacts of Increased CHP by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc - October 2003





Emissions Benefits with CHP

Conventional Power Generation versus CHP

Conventional Power Generation

Combined Heat & Power5 MW Natural Gas

Power Station

Emissions26 Tons

Emissions17 Tons

Power GenerationCombustion Turbine

CombinedHeat And

Power

Power Station

Boiler F el

Power Station Fuel

CHP Fuel0.09 Lb/MMBtuEmissions

15 Tons

Total Fuel 0.15 Lb. MMBtu

Electricity

Heat

Efficiency = 30%

Boiler

Boiler Fuel

Total Emissions41 Tons/Year 17 Tons/YearEfficiency = 80%



Source: United States Combined Heat and Power Association Report –Natural Gas Impacts of Increased CHP by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. - October 2003





Green Buildings –Sustainability in Multi-Family BuildingsSustainability in Multi Family Buildings

Today, energy efficiency and environmental impacts are on everyone's mind. By reducing energy usage, you can reduce the impact of harmful air emissions. Natural gas has lower emissions than other forms of energy.

30 00040,00050,00060,000Pounds

Uncontrolled Boiler Emissions (per 50,000 MMBtu input)

Natural Gas

#2 Oil

Multi-Family buildings are not new to the sustainability industry. The “green” movement in the housing industry stems from research initiatives, state and federal backed programs, grants or green loan funds, and utility programs. Regardless of the driving force, “green” practices on multi-

010,00020,00030,000

SOx NOx

#4 Oil

#6 Oil

green loan funds, and utility programs. Regardless of the driving force, green practices on multifamily buildings have become the mainstream. Examples of what facilities are doing to improve upon sustainability measures include:

• Food service composting.• Seeking LEED Certification for buildings.• Commissioning and Retrocommissioning of building HVAC systems.• Alternative energy such as solar panels


Alternative energy such as solar panels.• Purchasing renewable energy by dams and wind farms.• Many facilities recycle paper, aluminum, glass and plastic. • Facility energy conservation policies.


If you’re building or renovating, please contact us to learn about how natural gas technologies can save you energy and money, make your facility more environmentally friendly, and improve your LEED rating.





Gas Piping Made Easy –Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing

Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST), used in place of black-iron pipe, is taking the hassle out of installing gas piping in new and remodeled buildings.

Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing

CSST – A Better AlternativeIn a conventional gas piping installation, straight lengths of heavy black-iron pipe are used. The pipe must be lugged to the job site along with cumbersome installation equipment, then precisely measured, cut, threaded

and joined with fittings each time you change direction or connect one pipe to another. The light weight, flexibility and need for fewer connections and fittings make CSST easier to install and an ideal choice for new construction as well as building renovations.g

CSST offers many advantages compared to traditional black-iron pipe. Most importantly, because CSST installs easily without threading or welding at every turn and bend, it delivers significant savings on time and the cost of labor—up to one-quarter to two-thirds labor savings on new construction projects and as much as three-fourths on remodeling jobs.

Installers appreciate that CSST eliminates the chore of lugging and working with heavy iron pipe and its associated installation equipment, providing greater convenience and added safety. Since CSST requires f fitti th t ti l f l k i l d ti d j i t b hi d ll i t ll li i t dfewer fittings, the potential for leaks is less, and connections and joints behind walls are virtually eliminated making CSST safer than black-iron pipe.

Because it is flexible, it can be “pulled” like electric wire and bends easily for use on remodeling jobs requiring many turns. CSST can go just about anywhere—around corners and obstacles, between joists and studs, behind and through walls to upper floor levels as well as indoors, outdoors and above or, if sleeved, below ground. With a little pre-planning and thought, adding additional gas lines in the future is easy.

What Is CSST?


What Is CSST?CSST consists of a continuous, flexible, stainless steel pipe with a PVC or polyethylene exterior covering and is used inside a structure to distribute natural gas to the building’s gas appliances and equipment. Available in sizes up to 2” and rated for high pressure gas, CSST comes in light weight coils and installs in just minutes with a simple cutting tool and special fittings.

CSST is approved by all national plumbing and gas codes for up to 5 psig systems and can be installed by a qualified person who has passed the manufacturer’s training program.







Gas Piping Made Easy –Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing

For Maximum Flexibility…

Gas convenience outlets are a safe and inexpensive option that allows for quick connection and disconnection of gas appliances. Gas equipment can be reconfigured as needed or cleaned just by “unplugging” from the gas convenience outlet. Outdoors, gas convenience outlets allow natural gas patio heaters, grills and other portable equipment to be easily connected or disconnected and moved or stored.

CSST and gas convenience outlets are making it easier than ever to take advantage of economical, dependable and safe natural gas.

The Advantages of CSST…

• Saves time and labor costs – saves up to 75% of installation time

The Advantages of CSST…

• Saves time and labor costs – saves up to 75% of installation time• Easier to install than black-iron pipe – requires fewer connections and

fittings and simple installation tools• Minimal measuring, cutting, threading and welding• Flexible – pulls like electric wire and installs easily around corners and

obstacles and through walls • Light weight – no heavy black-iron pipe and installation equipment to

carry• Safe less potential for leaks and fewer connections behind walls

• Easier to install than black-iron pipe – requires fewer connections and fittings and simple installation tools

• Minimal measuring, cutting, threading and welding• Flexible – pulls like electric wire and installs easily around corners and

obstacles and through walls • Light weight – no heavy black-iron pipe and installation equipment to

carry• Safe less potential for leaks and fewer connections behind walls


• Safe – less potential for leaks and fewer connections behind walls

… and Gas Convenience Outlets

• Allows for quick, convenient connection/disconnection of appliances for cleaning, moving or storing

• Safe – automatic shut-off valves and safety interlocking feature mean fewer open gas lines and decreased potential for fuel fed fires

• Safe – less potential for leaks and fewer connections behind walls

… and Gas Convenience Outlets

• Allows for quick, convenient connection/disconnection of appliances for cleaning, moving or storing

• Safe – automatic shut-off valves and safety interlocking feature mean fewer open gas lines and decreased potential for fuel fed fires


fewer open gas lines and decreased potential for fuel fed firesfewer open gas lines and decreased potential for fuel fed fires






Energy Performance ContractingOne Way to Make It Happen

The use of Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is a practical and attractive way for building owners to finance and acquire needed energy improvement projects where the resulting energy and related cost savings pay for the project over an extended contract term.

EPCs are offered by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) who guarantee that the energy and cost savings producedwho guarantee that the energy and cost savings produced by the project will cover all the costs associated with implementing a comprehensive capital energy project. Such costs may include energy auditing services, project design

and engineering, equipment selection and purchase, construction management and equipment installation, financing, technical training services, maintenance, measurement and performance monitoring services.

The basic premise of EPC is fairly simple. An investment-grade technical energy audit of the owner’s buildings is conducted by the ESCO to identify and analyze opportunities to save energy and operational costsbuildings is conducted by the ESCO to identify and analyze opportunities to save energy and operational costs through the installation of high-efficiency equipment replacements or upgrades as well as through improved building operations and maintenance. Based on the results of the audit, the ESCO makes recommendations which when implemented will produce sufficient energy and cost savings to pay for the entire cost of the project over an extended contract term.

ESCOs provide comprehensive technical services as a part of the EPC project and look for ways to achieve energy savings from the widest possible array of cost effective measures. In addition to analyzing building energy consumption and designing comprehensive projects that will pay for themselves out of long-termenergy consumption and designing comprehensive projects that will pay for themselves out of long term savings, ESCOs can arrange sources of project financing and provide ongoing equipment maintenance, project monitoring, and measurement and verification services to ensure persistent and reliable project performance.

Owners may feel more comfortable having an independent Owner's Representative help them through this process as they negotiate with an ESCO, since there are some technical and contractual

Reallocated Energy Payments due to Energy Service Contract

ESCOOwner Savings

Owner Savings


since there are some technical and contractual issues such as:

• Establishing the energy baseline from which savings will be measured

• Determining the best arrangement for sharing annual energy cost savings for the owner - to protect their interests and meet their financial needs O

wne

r's C

ash

Flow

$

ESCO Services

Energy Cost

+ O&M

Energy Cost

+ O&M

Savings

Financing Debt

Service

Energy Cost

+ O&M


needs

• Computing the annual energy savings

• Monitoring and verifying project results over the life of the agreement Before During After






Benefits Beyond the Energy and Money Savings

U i lti f il b ildi ff b fit th t ll b d th t i l ffi iUnique multi-family buildings offer benefits that go well beyond the typical energy efficiency benefits.

• Energy saving technologies can be implemented into residents lives. Involving residents in growing food, and monitoring and fine-tuning their energy use, allows them to influence and act upon their world. Increasingly sustainability and energy savings courses are being offered by local communities.S i bili i id f id d f b i i h f l


• Sustainability practices can provide a sense of pride and often bragging rights for complexes.• Early adopters will have a leg up on being ranked among the most “green” facilities.• Sustainability practices can be an appeal to potential residents.• Lower operating costs and energy savings free up budgets to make way for capital

improvements, upgrades and new construction.• Facilities have started to find themselves in a friendly competition over who is most

environmentally friendly.


• Jobs and community can be created as communities hire sustainability coordinators and create sustainability committees.





Natural Gas –Protecting Our Nation’s Environment and Security

Recent events have highlighted the need to strengthen our energy position and our national security. Diminishing energy resources, terrorism, unpredictable foreign policies and weather threaten the economic vitality of U.S. businesses. Likewise, global warming, ozone depletion, smog, and acid rain damage the environment and pose serious health problems for Americans. Natural gas can significantly contribute to a greener environment and greater national security by reducing pollution, maintaining a clean and healthy environment, and reducing our reliance on foreign energy sources.

Greater reliance on natural gas can reduce our need for foreign oil and our dependence on unpredictable and expensive sources of oil. Using natural gas equipment in place of electric equipment helps minimize our growing need to produce electricity. Our underground natural gas transmission and distribution system is protected from damage that can be caused by weather or attacks, making it a secure, safe and reliable source of energy.

Natural gas is the cleanest burning of all the fossil fuels. Unlike coal and oil, natural gas produces g g g pmuch lower levels of the harmful emissions that can create an unhealthy environment. Natural gas also contributes to a greener environment when used in place of coal or oil in the production of electricity.

Using natural gas helps reduce:

• Reliance on unpredictable or expensive foreign energy sources


• Reliance on unpredictable or expensive foreign energy sources• Vulnerability of energy distribution systems to attack or

damage• Overall and peak power production requirements and

costs• Electric transmission and distribution costs• Standby electric requirements

El t i l d l t i l i f t t


• Electric panel and electrical infrastructure• Water consumption for power generation• Emission of harmful pollutants





Resources

The Energy Solutions Center, www.energysolutionscenter.orgThe Energy Solutions Center is a technology commercialization and market development organization representing energy utilities, municipal energy authorities, and equipment manufacturers and vendors. Information on natural gas energy efficient equipment and information can be found on their website.

Alliance to Save Energy, www.ase.orgThe Alliance to Save Energy has a Commercial Building Initiative with the overall goal to plan, coordinate, and implement a comprehensive set of activities to transform energy performance in the commercial sector over the next two to three decades. Together, these activities create a series of action plans to deliver across the diversity of the commercial sector: by building type, climate, ownership, management, and stages in a building’s life cycle..

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), www.ashrae.orgASHRAE fulfills its mission of advancing heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing and continuing education.

U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), www.usgbc.orgTh USGBC i fit i ti itt d t di t i bl b ildi tiThe USGBC is a non-profit organization committed to expanding sustainable building practices. USGBC is composed of more than 15,000 organizations from across the building industry that are working to advance structures that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work.

The USGBC LEED® Rating System, www.usgbc.orgThe Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™ encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development


encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria. .The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combined Heat and Power Initiative, www.epa.gov/chp/


Department of Energy, www.eere.energy.gov





Resources

Energy Star, www.energystar.govENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy helping us all save money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices.

Office of Energy Efficiency - Energy Star Canada, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/energystarThe Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE), Canada's centre of excellence for energy conservation, energy efficiency and alternative fuels information, is playing a dynamic leadership role in helping Canadians save millions of dollars in energy costs while contributing to a healthier environment.







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