Natural drugs laxatives
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Transcript of Natural drugs laxatives
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Dr. Yogesh V. UshirM. Pharm (Pharmacognosy), Ph.D.
Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, Chemical Constituents, including tests and
therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs;
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LaxativesLaxatives are substances that loosen stools
and increase bowel/intestinal movements. They are used to treat and prevent
constipation.
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Laxatives Purgatives Cathartics•Mild in action and deal with evacuation of rectum •there is elimination of formed stools.•Mild powerful
•In between the two action it have action•there is elimination of liquid form of stool.•More powerful
•Are severe in action and deal with evacuation of colon. •there is elimination of liquid form of stool•Most powerful
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LaxativesLaxatives are also called Aperients
More powerful laxatives are called purgatives. Even more powerful purgatives are called cathartics.
Natural oral drugs are, senna, aloe, rhubarb, Isapgol and castor oil
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Senna •Syn.- Indian Senna, Tinneyvelly senna, Sennae folium
•Bio. Source- it consist of dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia
Allied drug is Cassia acutifolia (European senna/Alexandrian Senna)
•Family- Leguminosae
•Geo. Source- Indian Senna- cultivated in Tinneyvelly, Madurai and Ramnathpuram district of Tamilnadu. Also cultivated in A.P., Maharashtra and GujaratEuropean senna-exported to Europe through Alexandria sea port (Egypt). Cultivated in Africa, Sudan
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Senna (Continue…)Cultivation and collection
Done by sowing the seeds, by broadcasting or dibbling method
quick germination did by pounding seed with coarse sand in mortar so that tough seed coat remove.
Cultivation did in twice a year MAR/APR and NOV/DEC.
Irrigated land preferred, red and black soil.Harvested by cutting plant, just above the ground and
dried.Preparation for market
Leaves spread under shed, Leaves loose 5—6- % weight on drying
Leaves are tossed to separate fruits and branches Packed in the bales prepared by using hydraulic press
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Senna (Continue…)
Morphology-Characteristic
DescriptionIndian Senna European senna
Color Yellowish-green Pale greyOdor Slight Slight Taste Mucilagenous, bitter an
characteristicMucilagenous, bitter and characteristic
Size 7-8 mm width and 25-60 mm length
7-12 mm width and 20-40 mm length
Shape Lanceolate Ovate
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Senna (Continue…)
Chemical Constituents-Senna leaves consist anthraquinone glycosides. Sennosides A, Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D. it also consist rhein, Aloe-emodin. Plant also shows presence of protein and carbohydrates.
Uses- Laxatives.Chemical test- Borntrager’s testSubstitutes-
Palthe sennaDog sennaBombay senna
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Castor oil•Syn.- Yerand Tail, Oleum ricini
•Bio. Source- fixed oil obtain by cold expression methods from kernels of seeds of Ricinis communis
•Family- Euphorbiacae
•Geo. Source- cultivated in India, Thailand, USA, Brazil, Rummania.In India it is largely grown in AP, Gujarat and Karnataka. India is the second largest country in cultivation and supplying castor oil.
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Castor oil (Continue…)
Preparation- by cold expression method
Morphology-
Physiccal standardsSolubility- in alcohol, chloroform, etherSpecific gravity-0.945 to 0.965Optical rotation-NLT +3.5 21.10.201512
Characteristic DescriptionColor Colorless or Pale yellow Odor NauxiousTaste Blant then acid finally
nauxiousThickness Viscous
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Caster oil (Continue…)
Chemical Constituents-consists of triglycerides of ricinoleic acid other glycerides are stearic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid.
Uses- Purgative and catharticLubricant Textile industryIn the preparation of paints, grease, polishes,
printing ink, hydraulic breaks spiritAbortificientEmollient Cosmetics in lipstickBactericide 21.10.201513
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• Syn.- Indian Senna, Tinneyvelly senna, Sennae folium
• Bio. Source- it consist of dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia
Allied drug is Cassia acutifolia (European senna/Alexandrian Senna)
• Family- Leguminosae
• Geo. Source- Indian Senna- cultivated in Tinneyvelly, Madurai and Ramnathpuram district of Tamilnadu. Also cultivated in A.P., Maharashtra and Gujarat
European senna-exported to Europe through Alexandria sea port (Egypt). Cultivated in Africa, Sudan
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Thank You……
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