NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 1Ottawa, October 11, 2014 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all...

NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 1Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved

WELCOME: Integrated Management System for Antwerp Harbor and Polish landfill site

Ludo Diels1

W. Dejonghe1, J. Bronders1, K. Vanbroekhoven1, S. Van Roy1,A. Szewczyk2, M. Zabochnicka-Swiatek2, J. Szdzuj3, G. Malina2

1. Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, Mol, Belgium2. Czestochowa University of Technology, TUC, Czestochowa, Poland

3. Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, IETU, Katowice, PolandNATO – CCMS meeting, Ottawa, 12 – 15 June, 2005


WELCOME: Integrated Management System for Antwerp Harbor and Polish landfill site

• IMS: reminder

• Antwerp Harbor Site

• Tarnowskie Gory Landfill Site

• Conclusions


IMS: Reminder

1. Megasite 1. Definition of the site as a megasite2. Regulations and boundary conditions3. Definition of the organisatorial role and management of the megasite

2. Risks and risk reduction1. Megasite conceptual model2. Regional risk approach by clustering3. Risk reducing measures per risk cluster

3. Management scenarios or conceptual model1. Risk reduction scenarios at megasite scale2. Effects and uncertainties of the risk scenarios3. Cost effective calculation of the selected scenarios4. Priorities of the scenarios

4. Long term planning and management of a megasite1. Technical implementation and monitoring plan2. Long term audit of the IMS


Source-path-receptor model Antwerp harbour

Planes of compliance


Selection of study area among 16 clusters

• Selection of example area for IMS application

• Clusters based on:– type of activity– availability of data– location of the area (docks)

1

2

43

8

5

7

96

10

11

15

16

14

1312

1

2

43

8

5

7

96

10

11

15

16

14

1312

1

2

43

8

5

7

96

10

11

15

16

14

1312


GIS data :Groundwater + type of investigation

groundwaterlevelpreliminary investigation

descriptive investigation

no investigation carried out


concentration lower than back ground level (BGL)concentration higher than BGL but lower than soil remediation criteria concentration higher than SRCconcentration higher than 10 X SRC

concentration lower than back ground level (BGL)concentration higher than BGL but lower than soilconcentration higher than SR

GIS interpretation of benzene in groundwater


Source – path – receptor evaluation

321

Example area

1, 2 + 3 : flow lines


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tijd (jaren)

C (

µg/l)

Source – path – receptor evaluation: flux calculation

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tijd (jaren)

C (µ

g/l)

flow line 2

peak flow to dock = 60 g benzene /day

After dilution:1.9 10-4 µg benzene/l surface water

flow line 1

Time (years) Time (years)


Conclusions and Actions

• IMS can be used on the harbor of Antwerp• Integration of GIS data from Port of Antwerp and

OVAM• Management of pollution over time and prioritisation• Document on the IMS for Antwerp, agreed by different

stakeholders, to the ministry of Environment• Discussions about implementation in legislation are

planned • In the mean time a second case ‘Kempen area’ heavy

metal contaminated megasite (> 300 km²)


Tarnowskie Góry site

• Main pollutants: Cd, Zn, Cu, Ba, B, Sr, As: 100-250 000 ppb Diffuse pollution

* Soil: metal dust via the wind* Surface water: groundwater + rain water infiltration

Source pollution: * From waste heaps and old landfills* Into groundwater, Quaternary and Triassic aquifer

• Objectives of our study:1. General approach to manage the risks of heavy metals in contaminated areas2. Passive remediation measures: lab scale tests


Conceptual Model for the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite (Poland)

Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinkwater well

Q

Tr

Sa,b – source of contamination

2

3

5

1

4

DW DW


Remediation options for Tarnowskie Góry Megasite

Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinking well

Q

Tr


2

5

3 1

4

DW DW


Remediation measures at the unsaturated zone


Q

Tr


2

1

DW DW

Plants?Additives?


Remediation measures at the unsaturated zone

Changes in the leaching rate of Zn from soil 1676 and soil 1676 enriched with dolomite (Zn_d) after adddition of the natural acidic water

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

V [ml]

mg

Zn

Zn add with water

Zn_d

Zn add with water_d

1. Soil + dolomite:- Reduced leaching Zn - No reduced leaching Sr and Ba

2. Soil + diatomeaus earth:- Release metals

3. Soil + zeolites, Metasorb: - Reduced leaching of Zn- Limited leaching of Sr and Ba

Soil + dolomite

soil


Remediation measures at the unsaturated zoneMeasured with BIOMET®-sensor

Soil + waste products:

- Dolomites - Diatomeaous earth- Zeolites

Soil % bioavailable

Zn

Diatomeaous earth

~ 100

Dolomite ~ 90

Zeolites ~ 67


Evaluation of In situ treatment options for the Tarnowskie Gory megasite

Installation of Reactive zones or

Permeable Reactive Barriers based on:

- Adsorption

- In situ bioprecipitation process


Remediation measures at the saturated zone


Q

Tr


2

3 1

DW DW

PlantsAdditives

Sorption?ISBP?


Remediation measures at the saturated zoneQuaternary aquifer

Element/Metal

ZVI Compost Zeolite Metasorb

Sr - - + +

B - - - +(1)

Ba - + + +

Zn + ND + +

Cd + + + +

Cu + + + +

+: good removal; -: no removal

(1): special anionic Metasorb

ZVI: Zero Valent Iron

Groundwater flow

Sorption barrier

Source

Plume


Remediation measures at the saturated zone

C3H6O3 + SO42- ↔ CH3COO- + S2-

S2- + Me2+ ↔ MeS (immobilisation)

(1) Using different aquifer types: - sand (Pr6 and Pr4) - clay (Pr2 and Pr5)

(2) Using different C-sources:- molasses- HRC® (Regenesis)- MRC® (Regenesis)- acetate

Groundwater flow direction

Plume

Source Reactive zone: ISBP


+++: very fast; ++: fast; ± removal; - no removal; S: sand; C: clay

Metal Sand

NA

Clay

NA

Formal-

dehyde

Sand + HRC®, acetate

Clay + HRC®, acetate

Sand + molasses

Clay + molasses

SO4 ± ± - +++ ++ +++ ++

Sr - - - - - Release -

B - - - - - Release -

Ba - - - - - release -

Zn ± ± - +++ ++ ++ ++

Cu ± ± - +++ ++ ++ ++




1. Molecular technique: Detection SRB by PCR dsrB gene

2. Sequential extraction:- Immobilisation Zn and Cu- Not for Ba, B, and Sr


Remediation measures at the saturated zoneTriassic aquifer


Q

Tr


2

3

5

1

4

DW DW

Plants Additives

SorptionISBP

Sorption + ISBP?



Immobilisation metals by:

1. Stimulation ISBP by different C- sources:

- Molasses- HRC® (Regenesis)- MRC® (Regenesis)- Lactate

2. Precipitation metals by different adsorbents:

- Zeolite- Dolomite- Diatomeaous earth



sulfate concentration in function of time S1 (mg/l)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

time(days)

sulf

ate

(mg

/l)

P25+S1

P25+S1+formaldehyde

P25+S1 dolomite+HRC

P25+S1 zeolite+HRC

P25+S1 diatomic earth+ HRC

P25+S1 HRC

P25+S1 HRC +N/P

P25+S1 dolomite molasse

P25+S1 zeolite molasse

P25+S1diatomic earth molasse

P25+S1molasse

P25+S1 MRC

P25+S1 lactate

P25+S1 lactate+N/P

Zeolite + molasses

Zeolite + HRC®



+ removal; - no removal

MetalNo addition HRC®, MRC®,

lactate, molasse

C-source + dolomite, diat.

earth

C-source + zeolite

SO4 - + + (+)

Zn - + + (+)

Sr - - - +

B - - - + (>35 %)

Ba - - - +C-source: molasse or HRC®


Conclusions on remediation measures at the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite

Unsaturated zone- Evaluation of plants

Toxicity towards plants Selection of low-uptake plants to prevent spreading heavy

metals: grass- Immobilization with additives

Control by - BIOMET® -test - Plant uptake tests - Leaching tests Zn immobilisation by dolomite and zeolite; release by

diatomeaus earth Sr and Ba immobilisation by zeolites and Metasorb B immobilisation by combination of ApX-As and Metasorb-anionic)


Conclusions on remediation measures at the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite

(II) Saturated zone- Quaternary aquifer

* Adsorption on adsorbents in a Permeable Reactive Barrier• All metals removed by zeolite except B• B removal ↔ Metasorb (arsenate) + Apeyron adsorbent

* In situ bioprecipitation• Difficult for B, Sr and Ba• More mobile metals as Zn and Cu very well removed but stimulation by C-sources (NOT molasse!) necessary • Molecular technique: unravelling microbial populations

- Triassic zone* In situ bioprecipitation in combination with additives

• ISBP for Zn but C-sources needed• Zeolite + HRC® or molasse for B, Ba and Sr but some inhibition ISBP!• Confirmation necessary of adsorbents + C-sources


Integrated Management System: applicable on- Harbor sites- Large industrial sites Possibilities for passive treatment systems- Metallurgical sites- Mining areas- Surface treatment- …

ISBP: www.vito.be IMS: www.euwelcome.nl

NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 1Ottawa, October 11, 2014 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all...

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