Native Tree Identification€¦ · Native Tree Identification Fall 2019 Tree # Common name...
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Chris Stuhlinger Certified Arborist Fall 2019 I
Transcript of Native Tree Identification€¦ · Native Tree Identification Fall 2019 Tree # Common name...
Chris Stuhlinger Certified Arborist
Fall 2019
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My Background
Grew up in Huntsville Auburn/LSU – Forest Management/Forestry Worked in Louisiana, Maryland, and
Arkansas Certified Arborist since 2000 Moved back to Huntsville Fall 2018 Currently volunteer at HBG Disclaimer: I reserve the right to say
“I don’t know”
Class Overview This class will meet Sundays for 6 weeks Brief classroom sessions, mostly walking
outside (unless bad weather) Goal – learn terminology, key identifying
characteristics (similarities and differences) Some trees very easy to identify, others more
difficult - Identify trees to genus level
Class Overview
Why ID trees? – tree selection, care, diagnosis, or simply impress your friends
65 common trees you will see in the woods (and landscape) around Huntsville.
Mostly native species, plus 4 non-native species How to tell similar species apart Quiz trees – repetition
Native Tree Identification Fall 2019
Tree # Common name Genus/Species 1 Red maple Acer rubrum 2 Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba* 3 Willow oak Quercus phellos 4 Sugar maple Acer saccharum 5 White oak Quercus alba 6 Tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 7 Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana 8 Shumard oak Quercus shumardii 9 Sweetbay magnolia Magnolia virginiana 10 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum 11 Chinese pistache Pistachia chinensis* 12 Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor 13 River birch Betula nigra 14 Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos 15 American elm Ulmus americana 16 Kentucky yellowwood Cladrastis lutea 17 Littleleaf linden Tilia cordata** 18 Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 19 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana 20 Flowering dogwood Cornus florida 21 Mulberry Morus spp. 22 White pine Pinus strobus 23 Loblolly pine Pinus taeda 24 Shortleaf pine Pinus echinata 25 Southern red oak Quercus falcata 26 Scarlet oak Quercus coccinea 27 Winged elm Ulmus alata 28 Post oak Quercus stellata 29 Chinkapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii 30 Water oak Quercus nigra 31 Black willow Salix nigra 32 Pecan Carya illinoinensis 33 Black gum Nyssa sylvatica 34 Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 35 Boxelder Acer negundo 36 Cucumber magnolia Magnolia acuminata 37 Black walnut Juglans nigra 38 Black cherry Prunus serotina 39 Common hackberry Celtis occidentalis 40 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 41 Bigleaf magnolia Magnolia macrophylla 42 Slippery elm Ulmus rubra
Huntsville Botanical Garden
Tree # Common name Genus/Species 43 Eastern redbud Cercis canadensis 44 American beech Fagus grandifolia 45 Sugarberry Celtis laevigata 46 American sycamore Platanus occidentalis 47 Fringetree Chionanthus virginicus 48 Mockernut hickory Carya tomentosa 49 American hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana 50 Possumhaw Ilex decidua 51 American holly Ilex opaca 52 Pawpaw Asimina triloba 53 Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea 54 Buckeye Aesculus spp. 55 Devil’s walkingstick Aralia spinosa 56 Overcup oak Quercus lyrata 57 Kentucky coffetree Gymnocladus dioicus 58 Osage orange Maclura pomifera 59 Sassafras Sassafras albidum 60 Sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima* 61 Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis 62 Southern catalpa Catalpa bignonioides 63 American plum Prunus americana 64 Chestnut oak Quercus prinus (montana) 65 Sourwood Oxydendrum aboreum Non-native (*China) (**Europe)
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Tree Identification
Numbered Tree Locations
Fall 2019
Huntsville Botanical Garden
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Trees in Alabama
Perspective: 6,500 – 7,000 spp. of birds worldwide; approx. 250,000 spp. of vascular plants worldwide
Alabama ranks 3rd in terms of number of native plant species (3,189)
About 180 tree species native to Alabama Add varieties, hybrids, and exotics (100-200) Need to know 300-400 trees?
Caveat: Tree ID course is usually 6 hours per week for 30 weeks (Dendrology)
Alabama is in top 3 states for # of tree species
Tree o·versi y
Species
Plant Classification
Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants) Phylum Coniferophyta (Conifers)
(Division) Class Pinopsida (Gymnospermae) Order Pinales (Cone-bearing) Family Pinaceae
Genus Pinus Species taeda L. (Variety)
Plant Nomenclature
Common names – can be confusing Scientific names - Genus species
(Pinus taeda L.) Variety – minor differences Cultivar – cultivated variety
Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’ Hybrid – cross between 2 species
Acer x freemanii (trade name AUTUMN BLAZE)
Carpinus caroliniana is:
American hornbeam
blue beech
musclewood
ironwood
Scientific vs. Common Names
Tree Groups Gymnosperms (naked seed) vs.
Angiosperms (enclosed seed) Conifers vs. hardwoods Needles vs. broadleaves Evergreen vs. deciduous Monoecious vs. dioecious Red oaks vs. white oaks Simple leaves vs. compound leaves Alternate vs. opposite branching Excurrent vs. decurrent growth
Gymnosperms
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
3 needles per bundle
Naked seeds; usually have cones; needles I
Angiosperms
Broad-leaved Hardwoods Enclosed seeds (acorns, berries, legumes, etc.) Opposite or alternate branching/buds Compound or simple leaves
Identifying Characteristics
Growing season easiest, leaves on Leaves (simple, compound, margins, shape, fall color) Bark, flowers, fruit, twigs (pith), buds
(alternate/opposite) Tree shape and growth form, Habitat Conifers – needle length, # needles/bundle Hardwoods – many species, more difficult Learn to use multiple characteristics to ID trees, and
compare several features
Tree Appearance
Color and Texture
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Tree Form or Shape
© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture
Leaf Types ID Techniques • Leaf: arrangement,
shape, size, color, texture, odor, variability
• Flowers: arrangement, type, size, color, timing
• Bark/Twigs: thickness, type, color, texture, pattern, variability
• Fruit: arrangement, type, size, color, timing
• Habitat/Range: where it grows
• Habit or Form: overall shape of entire tree
Image Credit: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leaf&oldid=794298107
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• ·
© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture
alternate
whorled
opposite
Leaf Arrangement on the Stem
pinnate
bipinnate
palmate
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© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture
leaf blade
midrib
petiole
bud
stem
Anatomy of a Leaf
Simple, entire, elliptical-obovate (Black Tupelo)
Simple, entire, cordate
(Eastern Redbud)
Simple, serrate, 3-lobed
(Red Maple)
© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture
leaflet
petiolule
petiole
bud
Compound Leaf Parts Odd, pinnately compound, 9-17 opposite leaflets (Pecan)
Odd, pinnately compound, 7-9 alternate leaflets (Yellowwood)
Odd, palmately compound, 5-leaflets (Buckeye)
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© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture
entire serrate
dentate crenate undulate lobed
serrulate double serrate
Leaf Margins
Fruits Acorns Nuts Cones Samaras Pomes Drupes Legumes Achenes Berries
Image Credit: Illustration by Robert O’Brien, curtesy of Texas A&M Forest Service
Fruit types: Samara
Ulmus rubra Slippery elm
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash
Acer negundo Boxelder
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Fruit Types: Drupe
Nyssa sylvatica Black Tupelo
Ilex opaca American Holly
A drupe is a stone fruit, like a peach...
Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood
Fruit types: Capsule
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye
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Fruit types: Cone
Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine
Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine
Tsuga canadensis Canadian Hemlock
Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar
Taxodium ascendens Pond Cypress
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Fruit types: Berries
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon
Asimina triloba Pawpaw
Flowers
Arrangement Size Color Scent Season
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Twigs Arrangement Color Leaf Scars Pith Size/Width (zig-zag) Buds
Arrangement Morphology
0 @
Cl U,
Bark types: Ridge & Furrow
Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar
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Bark types: platelet
Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon
Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine
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Bark types: Smooth Approximately 90% of trees can be identified by bark alone – at least to
the genus level.
Fagus grandifolia American Beech
Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam
Prunus serotina Black Cherry
(juvenile)
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Bark types: Scaly
Prunus serotina Black Cherry
(mature) Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory
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General Hints
Pines - # of needles/cluster, needle length Opposite buds – MAD Horse
horse chestnut/buckeye, catalpa Oaks – buds crowded at end of twig
Red oak group – bristle tips, acorns 2 years White oak group – rounded lobes, acorns 1 year
Corky ridges – sweetgum, winged elm Green twigs – boxelder, sassafras, sweetbay
magnolia Fruits – acorns, nuts, berries, samara
Tools & Resources Field Guides – Peterson’s, Audubon, National Wildlife
Foundation, etc.
https://www.aces.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ANR-0509_KeyToCommonNativeTrees_Lg.pdf
https://www.arborday.org/trees/whattree/
App – Pl@ntnet – ID with a photograph
Tree Bark ID website: (www.treebarkid.com)?
Eek! Tree Key: www.dnr.wi.gov/eek/veg/treekey (for kids)
Google Images (use scientific name if possible to eliminate a lot of gibberish)
Plastic baggies (quart or gallon size)
Hand lens, binoculars or camera, knife or pruners
Next Week – October 6
Meet in Volunteer Classroom – Old Admin Bldg. (red brick)
Park in Blue parking lot Brief indoor session
Dichotomous key Fall colors Interesting nurseries
Quiz slides
HBG Tree ID App
https://hsvbg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=855e219fdaa4495a9c110833b695a345
References Kershner B., Mathews D., Nelson G., and Spellenberg R. 2008.
National Wildlife Federation® Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York, NY: Stirling Publishing Co., Inc.
Ponder, H. and Montague, D. 1998. Ornamental Horticulture Plant Identification Manual. Auburn, AL: Speedy Printing, East University Dr., Auburn, AL.
Missouri Botanical Garden Staff. 2017. Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Retrieved from URL http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfindersearch.aspx
Little E. 1980. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees, Eastern Region. New York, NY: Chanticleer Press, Inc.
Kirkman L., Brown C., and Leopold D. 2007. Native Trees of the Southeast. Portland, OR: Timber Press, Inc.
Virginia Tech Dept. of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/factsheets.cfm
QUESTIONS? I
