Native Sun: Solar Power & the Southwest Tribes

June 27, 2009

Debby Tewa

Renewable & Tribal Energy Coordinator

Arizona Department of Commerce – Energy Office

Overview

Arizona Energy Office

Definition of Green Economy, Green Training, and Green Jobs

Examples of Green Jobs for Labor Forces Through Education and

Training on Tribal Communities – Tribal Rural Electrification Project

Example of Sizing a Photovoltaic System

Project Type: A Hopi Case Study

Renewable Energy Resources

Methods of Deliverables

Conferences Southwest Energy Peer Exchange,

keynote Winona LaDuke

Green Building Workshops in

Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community & Ft. Mohave Indian

Community

PV Theory & Hands-on WorkshopParticipants learn

classroom theory & hands-

on PV installation

PV Load Analysis & Battery O& M WorkshopParticipants learn to analyze

energy loads and understand

basic electricity and solar energy

What is, “Green Jobs?”

Energy Efficiency: Envelope, Mechanical, and Lighting

Renewable Generation: Wind, Solar, Biomass, Geothermal

Low Carbon Emissions: Healthy Economy and Healthy People

Workforce: Practitioners, Engineers, Managers, Educators, etc.

Home Energy Use

Average Single Family Home consumes 11,965 kWh of delivered

electricity = 7.21 metric tons Carbon Dioxide or CO2

52,429 cubic feet of Natural Gas = 2.82 metric tons of CO2

57.3 gallons of Fuel Oil = 0.63 metric tons of CO2

46.6 gallons of Liquid Propane Gas = 0.26 metric tons of CO2

Challenges

Nationwide 14.2% of Native American households have no access to electricity. Arizona accounts for more than half of the households without electricity.

Nine Tribes in Arizona have significant number of homes without electricity.

Necessary distribution systems are not in place to provide grid-connected power to these households.

Source: Energy Information Administration (2003)

Map of Arizona Tribal

Homelands

Tribal Rural Electrification

Program

PV Load Analysis & Battery O & M Workshop

Classroom Training on PV

Theory and Energy Load Sizing

PV Load Analysis & Battery O & M Workshop

Inclination Solar PathfinderVoc & Isc

Measurements

PV Load Analysis & Battery O & M Workshop

Battery Interconnection Charge Controller and Inverter Combiner Box

PV Load Analysis & Battery O & M Workshop

1 kW PV System

TREP

Photovoltaic (PV) modules provided by Arizona State

University.

Tucson Electric Power with the Balance of System Grant

Partnership with Tribal Utility or Tribal Organization.

o Unserved Tribal Residences

AEO – Tribal Renewable Energy Program – Education &

Coordination.

Tribal member who participates in TREP

Partners

Load Analysis

Photovoltaic or Solar Electricity 101

1. Watt – The unit of electric power, or amount of work.

2. Watt-hour – One watt-hour is the amount of energy expended by a one-watt load drawing power for one hour

3. Amp – Quantity of electrical energy equal to the flow of one ampere of current for one hour.

4. Current – The flow electric charge in a conductor between two points having a difference in potential (voltage)

5. Volt – A unit of measure of the force, or ‘push’ given the electrons in an electric circuit.

Photovoltaic or Solar Electricity 101

• Direct Current or DC – Electric current in which electrons flow in one direction only.

• Alternating Current or AC – Electric current in which the direction of flow is reversed at frequent intervals usually 120 times per second (60 Hz).

• Power – is the rate at which work is done.

• Energy – is capability of doing work.

Energy Load

60 watts incandescent = 15 watts compact

fluorescent

@ 4 hours = 240 Wh = 60 Wh

75 watts incandescent = 20 watts compact

fluorescent

@ 4 hours = 300 Wh = 80 Wh

100 watts incandescent = 26-29 watts

compact fluorescent

@ 4 hours = 400 Wh = 104-116 Wh

Watt – hour (Wh)

Load

Phantom Load

60” LCD 65” LCD

Picture On: 200 Watt-hour (Wh) Picture On: 583 Wh

Picture Off: .5 Wh Picture Off: 76 Wh

4 hours 4 hours

Picture On: 800 Wh Picture On: 2332 Wh

Off: 2 Wh Picture Off: 304 Wh

Load

Direct Current (DC))

Alternating Current (AC)

Load Qty x Watt = Total AC

Wattsx Use hrs/day x Use days/wk / 7 days = AC

Watt

hours

Coffee

Pot

(10 c)

1 1200 1200 1 7 7 1200

Toaster 1 1500 1500 .25

(15min)

5 7 268

Micro-

wave

1 1000 1000 .50

(30mins)

2 7 143

CFL 6 15 90 5 7 7 450

TV 25” 1 300 300 6 7 7 1800

VCR 1 60 60 4 3 7 103

Electric Load Estimation

Total Connected Watt 4150 Average Daily Load 3964

Battery Sizing for 24 Volt Direct Current

Average

Daily

Load

Inverter

Efficiency

+ DC Average

Load

DC System

Voltage

= Average Amp-

Hours/Day

3964 .93 + 0 24 = 178

Average

Amp-

hours/day

X Days of

Autonomy

Discharge

Limit

Battery Ah

Capacity

= Batteries in

Parallel

178 X 3 .50 220 = 5

DC

System

Voltage

Battery

Voltage

= Batteries in

Series

X Batteries in

Parallel

= Total Batteries

24 6 = 2 X 5 = 10

Average

Amp-

hours/day

Battery

Efficiency

Peak Sun

Hour/day

= Array Peak

Amps

178 .85 6 = 35

Array

Peak

Amps

Peak

Amps/module

(rated/STC)

= Modules in

Parallel

Short Circuit

35 4.75* = 8

DC

System

Voltage

Nominal

Module

Voltage

= Modules in

Series

X Modules in

Parallel

= Total Modules

24 24 = 1 X 8 = 8

Array Sizing for 24 Volt Direct Current System

Resources

Community Colleges: Green Jobs Guidebook

CA Labor Market:

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/article.asp?articleid=1208

Interstate Renewable Energy Council: http://www.irecusa.org/

North American Board of Energy Practitioners: http://www.nabcep.org/

Solar Energy International: http://www.solarenergy.org/

Funding

Department of Energy – Energy Efficiency & Conservation Block

Grant – Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy – Tribal Energy

Program.

Department of Labor – Green Jobs

USDA Rural Business -

Resources continued…

Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency

www.dsireusa.org

Federal Incentives: Clean Renewable Energy Bonds, Business and

Personal Deductions – 30% deduction with no cap

State Incentives: Sales tax exemptions, Corporate and Personal

Deductions, Utilities with Renewable Energy Programs.

Arizona Public Service : $3.00/watt for Grid-Tied

4000 watt (4kW) x $3.00 = $12,000

Off-Grid: 1000 watt (1kW) x $2.00 = $2,000

Conclusion

Lead to large sustainable market for solar with tribal utility authority.

Seed sustainable tribal and rural cooperative solar program.

Assist tribal community colleges, trade schools, and high school technical programs.

Develop skilled workers.

Improve health and safety.

Conclusion

Thank You

Debby Tewa

Renewable & Tribal Energy Coordinator

Voice: 602-771-1241

E-Mail: DeborahT@azcommerce.com

www.azcommerce.com