Native Plants for Living Landscapes - Amazon S3 · Monarch caterpillars can feed on. Trees as...
Transcript of Native Plants for Living Landscapes - Amazon S3 · Monarch caterpillars can feed on. Trees as...
Native Plants for Living Landscapes
Senior Education Conference
14 November 2019
Matt JonesExtension Agent – Horticulture
NCCE Chatham County Center
https://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/
What are living landscapes?
Managed landscapes that:
• Meet our needs
• Require few inputs once
established
• Support local ecosystem health
Healthy Ecosystems
Provide services essential
to human survival
• Pollination
• Water and Air Purification
• Soil Formation
• Balance Pest Species
Plants Have Many
Ecosystem Functions
• Protect soil from erosion
• Help cycle nutrients
• Help cycle water
• Support soil microbes
• And…
Most Important Function:
Foundation of Food Webs
Plants capture and convert
the sun’s energy into a form
that can be consumed by
other organisms
Within Ecosystems, All Plants Are Not Equal
• Herbivorous insects have strong
host-specificity
– Evolutionary history
• Native insects need native plants
Asclepias are the only plants Monarch caterpillars can feed on
Trees as Foraging Hubs
• Leaves of native trees are caterpillar food
• Most caterpillar species feed on narrow
range of related species
• Feed for part of life cycle – usually 2-4
weeks
• Caterpillar feeding rarely threatens tree
health
Caterpillar Hunters
• Nearly all Passerines rear their
young on insects, not seeds or
berries
• Non-native trees do not
support caterpillar populations
birds need to rear their young
Natural areas replaced
by managed landscapes
Managed Landscapes
• Often dominated by non-
native plants
• Do not sustain natural
communities they replaced
• Not able to support healthy
ecosystems
The Good News
Beyond Merely Ornamental
• Living organisms - Part of the
local ecosystem
• Should support other species
• Should not require excessive
resources
A New Paradigm
• Select landscape plants based upon
traditional factors:
– Appearance
– Performance
– Adaptation to site conditions
• PLUS ability to sustain native species
and support ecosystem health
New Paradigm: Living Landscapes
• Not dominated by lawn/turf
• Home to many different plant
species, majority native to local region
• Replicate natural communities - have
layers
What is native?
“A plant or animal that has evolved in
• a given place
• over a period of time
• sufficient to develop complex and essential relationships
• with the physical environment and other organisms
in a given ecological community”
Given Place
• Greatest benefit – plants
from local ecoregion
• Piedmont
• Southeast
Native Range: Geography and Habitat
Amsonia tabernaemontana Amsonia hubrichtii
Native Perennials
• Critical nectar and pollen source for
pollinators and beneficial insects
• Most benefit:
– Plan for something to be in bloom spring-fall
– At least 3 different species in bloom each
season
– Plant in groups, 3+ of each species
Green and Gold
Chrysogonum virginianum
• Light to part shade
• Moist or well drained soil
• Wildlife: pollinators, birds
Bluestar
Amsonia tabernaemontana
• Sun to part shade
• Moist to well-drained soil
• Wildlife: butterflies
False Indigo
Baptisia spp.• Sun to part shade
• Seasonally moist to well-drained
• Bees and butterflies, larval host
Baptisia australis
Baptisia alba
‘Ca
roli
na M
oo
nlig
ht’
‘Pu
rple
Sm
oke’
Baptisia cultivars
Tickseed
Coreopsis spp.
• Several species native to NC
• Most full sun
• Many pollinators, birds
Threadleaf Coreopsis
• C. verticillata
• Drought tolerant
Joe Pye Weed
Eutrochium spp. • Sun to part shade
• Wet to moist soil
• Pollinator bonanza
Aromatic Aster
Symphiotrichum oblongifolium
• Sun
• Well drained soil
• Pollinators, birds
• Late blooming – Oct-Nov!
Oaks
Quercus spp.
Support hundreds of species!
– Acorns
– Leaves
– Habitat
Oaks in Landscapes
• Most commonly planted:
• Willow oak Quercus phellos
• Pin oak Quercus palustris
More Oaks
• Shumard Oak Quercus shumardii
• White Oak Quercus alba
• Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor
• Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata
• Red Oak Quercus rubra
• Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea
River Birch
Betula nigra
• Part sun-full sun
• Variety of soil types
• Caterpillar host, seeds for
birds, habitat
In spring, aphids may cause leaf distortion but
attract ladybugs and do not damage tree
Redbud
Cercis canadensis
• Part shade to sun
• Range of soil types
• Pollinators, birds
Leafcutter Bees
Redbud Cultivars
‘Forest Pansy’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Burgundy Hearts’
‘Hearts of Gold’, ‘Rising Sun’
‘Royal White’
• Sun to part shade
• Moist or dry soil
American Beautyberry Callicarpa americana
Rustic Sphinx Moth
Sweat Bee
Possumhaw Viburnum
Viburnum nudum
• Sun to light shade
• Moist to wet soils
How to determine soil pH?
Soil Testing from the NCDA!• Only reliable method to asses soil nutrient content and pH
• Boxes and forms available from NC Cooperative Extension
• Analysis is free for NC residents (Apr.-Nov.)
• $4/sample: Dec-Mar
Chatham MGVs deliver
soil samples monthly
during the free period!
How to Take Soil Samples
• Avoid thatch or mulch
• Take a ‘slice’ of soil
• Turf: 4” deep
• Landscape beds, Vegetables: 6” deep
• Mix subsamples together to make one composite sample for each unique area
How to Sample Soil
Sample different areas separately
– Plants/Crops
– Topography
– Soil texture
– Plant health
Avoid areas that will obviously skew results
– Compost piles
– Burn piles
– Animal ‘minefields’
Take 5-10 subsamples per area
Where to Find Sample Results
http://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/pals/
We will help
your interpret
the soil test
report!
Pollinator Paradise
• At Chatham Mills
(Pittsboro)
• NC Coop. Ext.
– Debbie Roos, Sustainable
Agriculture Agent
Going Native Portalhttps://projects.ncsu.edu/goingnative
/index.html
Extension Gardener Handbook
• Available online for FREEhttps://content.ces.ncsu.edu/extension-gardener-handbook
• Full-color, hardback copy available
from UNC Press ($60)
Need help? Contact:
Plant Clinic: MW 1:00-4:00, F 9:00-12:00
919-545-2715
Subscribe to the Chatham Gardener email list
Visit http://go.ncsu.edu/subscribecg
• Scroll down to enter your email address in the box
• Click on the subscribe button
Thank you!