MAIN NATIVE GROUPS AMERICANS

EXHIBITORS:

ELFRIEDE MARGARITA VIVANCO LÓPEZDANIEL ALFONSO SALGADO BAUTISTA.

Groups:

1.- Ndee (Apache).2.- Sioux.3.- Cheyenne.4.- Comanche.5.- Navajo.6.- Blackfeet.7.- Muhhekunneuw.8.- Cherokee.9.- Wichita. 10.- Arapaho.11.- Iroques.12.- Iowa.13.- Crow.14.- Kiowa15.- Hopi.16.- Ikaniuksalgi (Seminole)17.- Creek18.- Algokino19.- Mohave.20.- Walla-Walla21.- Shoshoni

22.- Chinook.23.- Miami.24.- Payute.25.- Missouri26.- Nez Perce.27.- Ute. 28.- Chickasaw29.- Shawnee.30.- Arikara31.- Chumash32.- Omaha.33.- Chayuse.34.- Acoma35.- Mowik.36.- Assiniboin37.- Natchez38.- Havasupai39.- Comox 40.- Ponka41.- Timukua42.- Mandan

43.- Ojibwa44.- Nootka45.- Osage46.- Paluse.*47.- Walapai48.- Sarcee49.- Tuscarora50.- Kawaik Laker.51.- Songish 52.- Tenino53.- Modoc54.- Coeur D´alene55.- Oneida.56.- Otana57.- Pima.58.- Hidatsa59.- Maricopa60.- Shashaptano.

Ndee (Apache).

They inhabited near East Arizona, Northwest of Mexico (North of Chihuahua and Sonora), New Mexico, and regions of Texas.

The term ´Apache´ probably come from the Zuni (Apachu) that mean ´Enemy´.

They are named ´Ndee´ that mean ´The people.

They were fishermen, hunters and farmers, shared same rite that the Sioux and Cheyenne.

They are now on reservations in Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma a number between 5000

and 6000. A small minority of 20 Mescalero Apaches still exist on the northern border of the

Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora and Coahuila.

Government: The Seven Council Fires was the head of the governmental system of the Sioux. It was formed by the heads of each of the seven tribes and their assistants. Tribal councils covering several villages and were subdivided into village councils. A Sioux women were not allowed to become members of the council.

Home and location:The Sioux followed the buffalo grazing paths and traveled great distances to hunt.The Sioux Indians lived in conical structures made of poles and buffalo skins: teepees. The posts used to reach a height of 15 feet (4.6 m) and a single tipi could accommodate 30 to 40 people at once.

Beliefs:

The Sioux Indians considered sacred to all life and believed that every living thing had a spirit. Trying to communicate with them through visions and dreams. The buffalo was considered a gift from the Great Spirit, and was worshiped by this people.

Sioux.

The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two tribes, the Sotaeo'o and Tsitsistas. The name derives from a word Cheyenne Sioux language meaning 'Small Create'.Before being placed in reserves, were allies of the Cheyenne Arapaho and Lakota (Sioux). The Cheyenne nation comprised ten groups that stretched all the Great Plains, from southern Colorado to the Black Hills in South Dakota. By the mid-eighteenth century began to separate groups, some remained near the Black Hills, while others remained near the Platte River in central Colorado.

Today, the Northern Cheyenne live in southeast Montana on own reserve. The Southern Cheyenne, along with the Southern Arapaho, live in central Oklahoma. Their combined population is about 20,000.

The Comanche are a Native tribe Comancheria (territory which would include eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado and Kansas, all of Oklahoma and quite the Northeast and Southeast Texas). Its estimated maximum population amounted to 45,000 natives. Today, the Comanche Nation consists of approximately 10,000 members, about half live in Oklahoma (mainly in Lawton), and the rest in Texas, California and New Mexico.

Several theories about the origin of the name Comanche. The most accepted Komantcia derived from the name given by the Ute people. "Kohmahts" mainly translates as "enemy." The French and Americans knew the Comanche as Padouca (or Paducah), its name in the Sioux language. The Comanches preferred to call the Numunuu, which means "the people" or "people".The Comanche speak an Uto-Aztecan language, sometimes considered a dialect of Shoshone. Today most of the English-speaking Comanches Comanche language has only a few hundred speakers

Navajos.

The Navajos are the largest American Indian nation, it has about 298,000 individuals. They live in the Southwest USA distributed by the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado, along with 37 Navajos living in Chihuahua and Sonora, northern Mexico.

To them belongs the largest reserves of any individual U.S. native group, to cover more than 60,704 square kilometers.

At present, the capital of the Navajo is in Window Rock, Arizona. They are involved in a wide variety of economic enterprises including farming, mining and production and sale of woven rugs, pottery and typical jewelry.

The Navajo call themselves "Dineh" the people. The word comes from a word Navajo Tewa "navahuu" meaning crop field in dry riverbed.

MOHICANS

The Mohicans were a tribe native Algonquian East Coast of the current United States. Originally located in the Hudson River Basin in the state of New York, were moved to Massachusetts about 1780, and later his descendants migrate to Wisconsin between 1820 and 1830, where he would settle on the reservations of the Lenape.

  The Mohicans used to refer to themselves as Muhhekunneuw, or people of the river. The term comes from the name Mohicans applied to the Wolf Clan Mohawk, which were called manhigan Mohicans, mahican origin of the English word, which led to the term Mohicans.

Today their descendants have mixed with Lenape and living as a single tribe called Stockbridge-Munsee Community.

CHEROKEE.

The Cherokee originally settled in eastern Tennessee and South Carolina . In 1650 were about 22,000 individuals , with a fairly elaborate social organization .

In 1796 President Washington decided to take them as a basis for a series of experiments in Indian education .

 During the nineteenth century , the Cherokee made rapid and revolutionary cultural developments , among which stands out the invention by a member of the tribe, Sequoyah , an excellent writing system that allowed the entire population literate in no time and the publication of a newspaper : Cherokee Phoenix.

Worked closely with the U.S. government on many occasions , despite which they were forced to move continually to make room for white farmers . In these Cherokee population transfers was terribly decimated.

. Hostilities - revived after enactment by the U.S. the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which forced the relocation of indigenous reserves - lasted until the last decade of the nineteenth century . Today live on reservations in Oklahoma and North Carolina .

HOPI

Hopis belong to the ancient inhabitants of the U.S. central plateau of about 10 000 individuals, many of whom live in Arizona in the Navajo Nation Federal Reserve. There is friction between the Hopi and Navajo groups, deriving from invasion razor Hopi lands in the past.

Its culture is similar to that of the Zuni, but speak a Uto-Aztecan language. They are one of the few indigenous groups that maintain their culture until today, their villages are old, some with a history of 1000 years.

They are renowned for their elaborate basketry and sculpting miniatures. They are owners and operators of a cultural center, a museum and a hotel complex.

FILMS.

"Knowledge is rooted in all things. The world is a library "(Lakota Sioux).

"True peace between nations is only possible when there is true peace in the souls of the people." (Lakota Sioux)

"Only after the last tree has been cut,only after the last river has been poisoned,

only after the last fish has been caught,just after

you will realizethat money can not be eaten ... "

(Sioux prophecy)

Thank´s for your attention.