Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada

8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada

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Aboriginal Rights

Canada, the United States and

Latin America from 1950-1980


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General istor!

" #irst contact $ith nati%es inCanada, Latin America and theUnited States dates bac& to 1'9(and the arri%al of Col)mb)s

" Settlers from *)ro+e, +rimaril!from ort)gal, S+ain, *ngland,#rance and the etherlandsarri%ed in search of ne$reso)rces

" .he! fo)nd indigeno)sinhabitants

" .he! car%ed )+ the territor! andestablished trading o)t+osts


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*arl! Relations

" /ell, basicall! . G 2 *+idemic disease 3small +o4, measles6and

the list goes no7 2 *nsla%ement 2 /arfare thro)gho)t 2 ntermarriage

" ati%es $ere )sed to %erbal land dis+)teagreements 2 Settlers had $ritten doc)ments 2 ot fair and in man! cases not )+held

" ! the middle 1800:s most nations thro)gho)tthe Americans had their inde+endence

" Some co)ntries held on to their +ossessionslonger

" Relations bet$een the indigeno)s +o+)lation,settlers and ;mesti


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Canada

" Settled b! both the *nglish and the #rench" .here $ere se%eral $ars earl! on, b)t relations

stabili00:s" Colonists established families $ith nati%es

2 ?etis-term to describe a +erson of mi4ed heritage 2

)shed for rights se%eral times" A m)ltit)de of treaties had been $rittenthro)gho)t histor!

" Some +ro%isions $ere not )+held" 18>@-.he ndian Act $as +assed

2 t allo$ed the #ederal Go%ernment to facilitate the

assimilation of the aboriginals into commonc)lt)re 2 )t it incl)ded se%eral discriminator! +ro%isions

incl)ding the lac& of %ote, not allo$ing the drin&ingof alcohol or lea%ing of reser%ation $itho)t+ermission


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1950-1980

" .he Uni%ersal eclaration of )man Rights 2 19'8 2 #orced Canada to loo& at their treatment of Aboriginals

" 1951-ndian Act altered to fi4 some discriminator! +ractices 2 Co)ld no$ drin& on their reser%ations and +ractice some

c)lt)ral rit)als once o)tla$ed

" 19@0-ief the Chief granted %oting rights to nati%es" [email protected])dea) iss)ed the ;/hite a+er=

2 asicall! the Go%ernment of Canada $o)ld no longer negotiate$ith an! non-so%ereign nation

2 ati%es co)ntered $ith ;Red a+er=, com+letel! reecting the+a+er

" A m)ltit)de of other iss)es, debates and cases came )+$hich dealt $ith basic rights incl)ding the +i+eline debate

" 19>B-.he Go%ernment of Canada formall! recogni


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.he United States

" .he i&ings came into contact $ith thenati%es first3D10007

" Col)mb)s came in 1'9(" Relations $ere +leasant at first, )ntil

the! began to mo%e $est

" isease $as common 2 Small +o4, measles

" n 18B( the Go%ernment iss)ed a%accination +rogram

" ?an! ati%es too& +art in theRe%ol)tionon both sides

" 18'0-=?anifest estin!= or ndianRemo%al=EEE 2 %er the co)rse of the ne4t 100 !ears

ndians $ere &illed or forced ontoreser%ations


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19thF(0th Cent)r! US

" .he ndian Remo%al Act of 18B0 2 All land *ast of the ?ississi++i co)ld be

e4changed for land $est 2 .he .rail of .earsSome ',000 Chero&ee died

d)e to relocation

" Resistance $as significant

2 attle of Little ighorn 18>@ 2 /o)nded Hnee 1890

" ?an! fo)ght in the Ci%il /ar, // and // 2 A++ro4 '',000 2 isr)+ted c)lt)re, land, a general disharmon!

" Some ser%ed as ;code tal&ers=

2 Learned and trained at Cam+ endleton 2 Some (00 terms at first, as man! as @00 at$ars end

2 Coding machines too& B0 min)tes, a%ao$o)ld ta&e (0 seconds

2 ital to the interests of the $ar


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ati%e American Rights .oda!

" .here are some 550 +l)sfederall! recogni


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/o)nded Hnee and A?

" A?-egan in 19@8, b! ennis an&s, George ?itchelland Cl!de elleco)rt as a main force in the +)sh for ACR 2 egan o)t of com+laints o%er high )nem+lo!ment, sl)m

ho)sing and racist treatment

" ts goals are to increase a$areness and sec)re CR

" 19>B-.oo& o%er the to$n of /o)nded Hnee for >1 da!so%er the conditions on the ine Ridge ndianReser%ation 2 ecision on location $as based on the massacre at the

same location in 1890 2 Led to t$o deaths in the standoff 2 .he mo%ie .h)nderheart has some connections to the

e%ent in 19>B and 1890 2 Leonard eltierindicted for the m)rder of t$o federal

officers on the reser%ation, he is a member of A? and amain +olitical acti%ist


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Legislation

" )rea) of ndian Affairs 2 *stablished in 18('66o%ersees the management of

the entire reser%ation s!stem in the US 2 art of the US e+artment of the nterior

" 19('- American ndians classified as Jciti


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Latin America

" Se%eral co)ntries ha%e si


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Case St)d!K er)

" S+anish occ)+ied and coloni


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Case St)d!K G)atemala

" Some '0M of the +o+)lation are of ?a!a ancestr! 2 /esterni


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AssessmentF#oc)s .as&

" ndigeno)s +o+)lations across the Americas ha%e faced land redistrib)tion,h)man rights %iolations and economic andsocial iss)es

" Oo) are a member of Amnest! nternationaland are $riting an assessment ofndigeno)s rights in Canada, Latin Americaand the US 2 /hat are the similarities and differences in the

three areasE

2 /hat area seems to ha%e a better record and$h!E

2 ased on the limited amo)nt of info $hat do !o)thin& is the f)t)re for the indigeno)s +o+)lationsin the three areasE


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" Restoration of treaty making (ended by Congress in 1871)." Establishment of a treaty commission to make new treaties (with sovereign Native Nations)." ndian leaders to address Congress." Review of treaty commitments and violations." !nratified treaties to go before the "enate." #ll ndians to be governed by treaty relations." Relief for Native Nations for treaty rights violations." Recognition of the right of ndians to inter$ret treaties." %oint Congressional Committee to be formed on reconstr&ction of ndian relations." Restoration of 11' million acres of land taken away from Native Nations by the !nited "tates." Restoration of terminated rights." Re$eal of state &risdiction on Native Nations." ederal $rotection for offenses against ndians." #bolishment of the *&rea& of ndian #ffairs." Creation of a new office of ederal ndian Relations." New office to remedy breakdown in the constit&tionally $rescribed relationshi$s between the !nited "tates and

Native Nations." Native Nations to be imm&ne to commerce reg&lation+ ta,es+ trade restrictions of states.

" ndian religio&s freedom and c&lt&ral integrity $rotected." Establishment of national ndian voting with local o$tions- free national ndian organiations from governmental

controls" Reclaim and affirm health+ ho&sing+ em$loyment+ economic develo$ment+ and ed&cation for all ndian $eo$le

A?-Claims +)t forth to the resident in 19>(

rimar! So)rce oc)ments

Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada

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Transcript of Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada