Nationalism in Latin America

Chapter 18 Section 4

Latin America

The Latin American Economy

Early 1900’s, economy was based on export of food and raw materials.

DO NOT WRITEArgentina – exported beef & wheatChile – Nitrates & copperBrazil and Caribbean nations – sugarCentral America - bananas

Role of the United States

1920’s, U.S. replaced Britain as the foremost investor in L.A.

U.S. put funds directly into production and ran companies themselves.

U.S. owned the United Fruit Company and controlled copper mining in Chile & Peru and oil industries in Mexico, Peru, & Bolivia.

Good Neighbor Policy

Policy rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin America

FDR withdrew the last marines from Haiti in 1934.

Impact of the Great Depression

Terrible impact on the L.A. economy.Exports were no longer in demand.One positive: G.D. forced the development

of new industries.Most industry was government run.

The Move to Authorization

Most L.A. countries had republican forms of government.

In reality, they were run by the church, military leaders, & large landowners.

They used military force to maintain power.

Continued…

Unrest caused leaders to exercise stricter controls.

Examples: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina

Argentina

Argentina

Controlled by an oligarchy.Made up of the wealthy landowners. 1916, Hipolito Irigoyen, Radical Party,

elected president.1930, military overthrew the government

& reestablished the oligarchy.

Hipolito Irigoyen

Continued…

During World War II, military officers formed the Group of United Officers (GOU).

GOU overthrew the government in 1943.Juan Peron elected president.

Juan Peron

Brazil

Brazil

1889, formed a republican government.Controlled by landed elites who became

wealthy by growing coffee.By 1900, ¾ of world’s coffee was grown

in Brazil.Great Depression hurt coffee prices.

Continued…

1930, military coup made Getulio Vargas president of Brazil.

1937, Vargas made himself dictator and established a Fascist dictatorship.

1945, the army forced Vargas to resign.

Getulio Vargas

Mexico

The post-revolution government was democratic in form.

The PRI controlled politics.1934, Lazaro Cardenas became president.He wanted to follow through with the ideas of the

revolution.He redistributed land to peasants and took a

strong stand with the U.S., especially over oil.

Lazaro Cardenas

Continued…

After a dispute, Cardenas seized control of the oil fields.

U.S. oil companies asked FDR to intervene, but he refused.

Mexico paid for the property and set up PEMEX.

Culture in Latin America

Early 20th century, European artistic & literary movements influenced L.A. culture.

Many artists expressed a national spirit.Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who studied

in Europe.Rivera wanted to create a national art that would

include Mexico’s past, its cultural heritage, and carry a social and political message.

Diego Rivera

Frida Reparte Armas Carro de Flores

Diego Rivera

Noche de Ricos Frida Khalo y Diego Rivera

End of Chapter 18

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