Speaker

Organisation

Date of presentation

National Workshop on

Developing Clean and

Efficient Vehicle Policy for

Bangladesh

• Major arterial Road : 21,462 Km

• Rural Road : 97,180 Km

• Urban Road : 4,245 Km

• Rail track : 2,877 Km

• Stations : 444 nos.

Seaports : 3

• Inland river ports : 33

• Length of waterway : 24,000Km (Navigable 5968km)

• International Airports : 3

• Domestic airports : 7

• Area : 147,570 km2

• Population : 157.45 mil.

• Population density : 953/km2.

• Per Capita income : USD 1827

Bangladesh

• Car ownership (per 1000) : Bangladesh - 1.8Dhaka -15

• Motorcycle owner ship(per1000) : Bangladesh - 11.87

Source : BRTA 2018

Vehicle Fleet in Bangladesh

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

Upto-2010

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

veh

icle

(Cu

mu

lati

ve)

Year

2%

3%2%

64%

3%

9%

4%

13%

Total Vehicle Population=497374

Jeep

Microbus

Bus & Minibus

Motorcycle

Pickup

Passenger Car

Truck

Others

Source: BRTA 2018CO2 emission in Transport sector

Transport Sector in Bangladesh

74%

26%LDV

HDV

70%

20%

7% 3%

Truck & Bus

Car

Shipping

Rail & Aviation

4% 7%6%

8%

26%11%

38%

Without Motorcycle

Jeep

Microbus

Bus & Minibus

Pickup

Passenger Car

Truck

Others

Source: BPC 2017

-

500,000.00

1,000,000.00

1,500,000.00

2,000,000.00

2,500,000.00

3,000,000.00

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Agriculture Industry

Power Communication

Domestic and others Linear (Agriculture)

Linear (Industry) Linear (Power)

Linear (Communication)

Sector wise Consumption of petroleum from 2012 to 2017

73%

8%

6%

13%

Transport Sector petroleum Consumsion ( 2016-17)

Diesel Petrol Octen JetFuel

Transport Sector in Bangladesh

Project Title

Developing Clean and Efficient Vehicle policy to reduce emission and energy use

from the road transport sector in Bangladesh.

•Goal: Establish baseline fuel economy

figures (i.e. average Lge /100km) for the

vehicle fleet in Bangladesh

•Why undertake a baseline development?

•Know the types of vehicles plying in Bangladesh

•Provide a basis for tracking progress in improving

fuel economy

•Develop appropriate policies for improving vehicle

fuel efficiency

Goal of the Project

Carry out an inventory of newly registered (locally

manufactured and/or imported new and second-

hand) vehicles in the country including electric

vehicles

➢data gathering and analysis for yearly new

registration data (for both new and second-hand

imported vehicles that have entered the vehicle

registry), following the Global Fuel Economy

Initiative (GFEI) baseline methodology.

Activities of the Project

•The data to be collected will include disaggregated number of registered vehicles in 2005, and subsequent years up to 2017 (used and new) by:

➢vehicle type (passenger cars, Jeep, Micro bus, Pickup)➢fuel type (diesel, gasoline, LPG, electric vehicles, hybrid)➢vehicle age or year of manufacture➢vehicle make➢vehicle model➢engine displacement➢engine power➢rated vehicle fuel efficiency (Lge/100km, Liter/100 km, CO2 g/km, km/liter)

Activities of the Project

Project Activities

1.Conducted an inventory of newly registered vehicle (locally manufactured and/or imported new and second-hand)

➢Data from 2005 to 2017, following the Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI baseline methodology.

2. Estimated the average auto fuel economy baseline and trends for Bangladesh

➢For Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) (Car, Microbus, Jeep and Pickup)

3. Suggested Clean and efficient vehicle policy and development schemes

➢Reviewed national legislation and policies, including taxation related to vehicle fuel economy issues and EVs; identified stakeholders and potential barriers

➢Arranged workshop to present results and gather policy suggestions

Data Collection

• Vehicle make and model

• Year of first registration

• Model production year

• Engine displacement

• Engine power

• Fuel type

• No of Cylinder

• Test cycle (NEDC, US EPA, JC08)

• Rated fuel economy (L/100km, and CO2 emission, gCO2/km)

• Fuel economy and CO2 emission data were collected as per GFEI guideline. Mostly from relevant manufactures and other online published data

Inputs Output

Results of Base Line Survey

183046

4397 3310 3294 1416 1151 1009 692 570 476 469 311 301 285 208 115 1307

Toyo

ta

Nissa

n

Suzu

ki

Mitsu

bish

i

Ho

nd

a

Hyu

nd

ai

Tata

Mazd

a

Merce

de

s Ben

z

Peru

sahan

Oto

mo

bil

BM

W

Kia

M.M

.C. Jap

an

Ford

CH

ERY

Au

di

Oth

ers

No

. of

Car

s

Car Make

Baseline Survey

90%

10%

Toyota

All others

• 90% of the car in Bangladesh are from Toyota

Car

92%19449

94%19113

96%17482

8%1599

6%1129

4%812

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2015 2016 2017

No

. of

Car

s

Old Car New Car

5382

190940

4809

892

230

103

0 100000 200000

≤1000

1001-1500

1501-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

≥3000

No. of Cars

Dis

pla

cem

ent

Ran

ces

(CC

)

Displacement Range

CarBaseline Survey

• Car registration is in decreasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of car mostly falls into 1001-1500 cc category

MicrobusBaseline Survey

79.17%

20.83%

Toyota Vs. Others

Toyota Others

• 80% of the Microbus in Bangladesh are from Toyota

29172

1980 1450 1200 1180 1168 696

No. of

Mic

rob

us

Make

3390

1886

26328

2611

2610

21

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

≤1000

1001-1500

1501-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

≥3000

No. of Microbus

Cap

acit

y R

ange

(C

C)

Displacement Range

MicrobusBaseline Survey

81%3019

89%4723

92%4465

19%693

11%573

8%383

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

2011 2015 2017

No

. of

Mic

rob

us

Year

Old Microbus New Microbus

• Microbus registration is in increasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of car mostly falls into 1501-2000 cc category

JeepBaseline Survey

37%

63%

Toyota vs Others (Jeep)

Toyota Others8054

5418

2701 2264 1235 960 705 197 182

No

.of

Jee

p

Make

• 63% of the Jeep in Bangladesh are from Toyota, followed by Mitsubishi and Nissan

0

3195

8486

4525

4674

822

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

≤1000

1001-1500

1501-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

≥3001

No. of Jeep

Cap

acit

y R

ange

s

Displacement range

JeepBaseline Survey

79%2391

76%3113

83%3146

21%637

24%998 17%

662

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2015 2016 2017

No

. of

Jee

p

Old Jeep New Jeep

• Jeep registration is in increasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of Jeep mostly falls into 1501-2000 cc category,

but other ranges are also frequent

PickupBaseline Survey

33%

67%

Toyota Vs. Others

Toyota Others

3178

1984

15781442

970

575

Toyota Mitsubishi Others Nissan Tata Ford

No

. o

f P

ick

up

s

Make

• 67% of the car in Bangladesh are from Toyota, followed by Mitsubishi

637

463

1209

5391

1515

421

0 2000 4000 6000

≤1000

1001-1500

1501-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

≥3001

No. of Pickup

Cap

acit

y R

ange

s

Displacement Range

PickupBaseline Survey

69%715

59%720

70%758

31%324

41%492

30%321

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2015 2016 2017

No

. of

Pic

kup

Old Pickup New Pickup

• Pickup registration is slightly increasing in the recent years• Displacement range of Jeep mostly falls into 2001-2500 cc category

• Comprises 74.77% of total LDVs

• 63 different models from 30 different companies

• 90% of those cars are from Toyota.

• 1001-1500 cc is the common displacement range

In car category

• 2nd largest share in LDV

• 46 different makes where 14 of them are dominating

• 79.17% share comes from Toyota

• 1501-2000 cc is the common displacement range

In Microbus category

Dhaka has 193276 number of registered LDVs from the year 2005-2017

Baseline Survey: Findings Summary

• 3rd largest share in LDV

• 33 makes and 33 common models since 2005

• 37% Jeep is from Toyota

• 1501-2000 cc is the most common displacement range

• 20% are new Jeep

In Jeep category

• least share in LDV

• 34 makes since 2005 but only 12 models are common

• 2001-2500 is the dominating displacement range

• 30% new Pickup import which is the highest in LDV category

In Pickup category

Baseline Survey: Findings Summary

Units:

• Fuel Economy : L/ 100km

• C02 : gm/km

Average Fuel Economy

=σ𝑖𝑛𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐷𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟∗𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑖

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Average CO2 Emission

=σ𝑖𝑛𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐷𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟∗𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑖

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

How to calculate Fuel Economy and CO2 emission?

Year Fuel Economy CO2 Emission

2005 8.98 217.33

2008 8.01 189.08

2010 7.04 165.9

2012 7.43 176.85

2014 7.5 179.46

2015 7.07 171.19

2016 6.99 169.06

2017 6.9 166.35

Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh-Year-wise Results

0

2

4

6

8

10

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Fu

el

Ec

on

om

y, l

/10

0k

m

Year

Fuel Economy of Bangladesh

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018CO

2

Em

iss

ion

, g

/l

Year

Yearly CO2 Emission

Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh

Both fuel economy and CO2 emission is improving in Bangladesh

Year Car Jeep Microbus Pickup

2014 5.85 9.59 8.56 9.76

2015 5.75 8.15 8.4 9.29

2016 5.81 7.37 8.39 9.5

2017 5.8 7.26 8.62 9.35

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2014 2015 2016 2017FUEL

EC

ON

OM

Y, L

/100

KM

YEAR

IMPROVEMENT IN FUEL ECONOMY

Car Jeep Microbus Pickup

** Improvement is more prominent in Jeep category

Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh

LDV Type Make

(Top 5 in the

fleet)

% in the

Bangladesh

vehicle fleet

% in the

sample

Fuel

Economy

(l/100km)

CO2

Emission

(gm/l)

Car Toyota 90.46% 84.20% 5.88 135.41

Nissan 2.17% 1.60% 6.09 139.95

Suzuki 1.64% 0.83% 5.53 128.05

Mitsubishi 1.63% 4.91% 5.92 140.28

Honda 0.70% 0.22% 6.1 141.95

Jeep Toyota 37.09% 26.82% 8.8 216.1

Mitsubishi 24.95% 31.18% 10.13 234.55

Nissan 12.44% 22.00% 7.11 186.44

Honda 10.43% 9.27% 5.68 134.8

Hyundai 5.69% 3.82% 7.12 218.07

Microbus Toyota 79.17% 58.19% 8.4 203.27

Mitsubishi 3.26% 11.79% 11.81 281.12

Suzuki 3.20% 16.20% 6.1 143.4

Nissan 3.17% 6.53% 8.33 219.14

Hyundai 1.89% 7.29% 7.69 201.3

Pickup Toyota 32.67% 36.30% 13 305.1

Mitsubishi 20.40% 38.38% 8.23 226.48

Nissan 14.82% 4.66% 8.79 231.12

Tata 9.97% 8.79% 10.31 240.97

Ford 5.91% 2.23% 7.56 196.56

Fuel economy and CO2 emission of the LDVs in each category

LDV Capacity

Range (CC)

Fuel Economy

(l/100km)

CO2 Emission

(gm/l)

≤1000 5.018337 119.5654

1001-1500 5.782796 135.2595

1501-2000 6.919067 177.9945

2001-2500 10.18904 251.4269

2501-3000 8.943825 224.1055

≥3001 11.664 276.48

Fuel economy and CO2 emission for LDVs of different capacity range for 2017

**Fuel economy and CO2 emission is increasing with increased displacement range

Where Bangladesh Stands? Year Non-OECD

Average

Global

Average

Bangladesh

Average

2005 8.5 8.8 8.98

2008 8.5 8.3 8.01

2010 8.4 8.1 7.04

2012 8.2 7.8 7.43

2014 8 7.6 7.5

2015 7.9 7.6 7.07

Summary of the Study

• From year 2005 to 2017, improvement in fuel economy was 23.16% and reduction in CO2 emission was 24.46%.

• In recent years Jeep with improved fuel economy import has increased in the LDV category which is one of the main reasons for higher fuel economy value along with the advanced technology of the imported vehicles.

• Bangladesh has improved average fuel economy value compared with Non-OECD country average and global average. In the year 2015, non-OECD and global average fuel economy was 7.90 l/100km and 7.6 l/100km where in it was 7.07 l/100km.

Stakeholder Consultation meeting at BRTA Stakeholder Consultation meeting with Auto mobile Club at BUET

THANK YOU. QUESTIONS/SUGGESTIONS?