NATIONAL URBAN POLICY FORUM

Getting Cities Right – OECD work on

urban policy

Mari Kiviniemi

OECD Deputy Secretary General

Turku, Finland

29 August 2018

1970 1980 1999 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

OECD begins work on Urban issues

Creation of the Regional Development Policy Committee

Launch of the first National Urban Policy ReviewNUPR: Poland

Metropolitan Review of The Chicago Tri-State Metropolitan Area

OECD’s and urban development – a long history

• National Urban Policy Reviews

• Metropolitan Reviews

• Thematic reports: housing, transport, green

growth, climate change, etc.

• Statistics on metropolitan and urban regions

Policy dialogue:

• Round Table of Mayors and

Ministers

• Champions Mayors for

Inclusive Growth Initiative 2

3

Cites are sources of challenges, but policy needs to better recognise the opportunities

4

Working age population born in a different

EU-28 country by degree of urbanisation,

2014

Source: The State of European Cities Report (2016), Working age population (20-64) born in a different EU-28 country by degree of urbanisation, 2014

Cardiff

Budapest

Greater Manchester

Glasgow

Tyneside conurbation

Belfast

Ljubljana

Bratislava

Košice

Białystok

Gdańsk

Piatra Neamţ

Malmö

Stockholm

Cluj-Napoca

Braga

Lisboa (Greater city)

BucureştiKraków

Dublin

Reykjavík

Napoli

Roma

Palermo

Bologna

Torino

Verona

Vilnius

Luxembourg

Rīga

Valletta

Rotterdam

Oslo

Warszawa

Groningen

Aalborg

Amsterdam

Graz

Málaga

Wien

Antwerpen

Bruxelles

Sofia

Liège

Burgas

Genève

Zürich

Lefkosia

Tallinn

København

Ostrava

Praha

München

Essen

BarcelonaRostock

Dortmund

Hamburg

Leipzig

Berlin

Irakleio

Athina (Greater city)

Oviedo

Madrid

Lille

Oulu / Uleåborg

Helsinki

Marseille

Paris (Greater city)

Bordeaux

MiskolcZagreb

London

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fra

nce

Sw

ede

n

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Fin

land

De

nm

ark

Ne

the

rla

nd

s

Ge

rma

ny

United K

ingdom

Ire

land

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

No

rway

Slo

va

kia

Au

str

ia

Be

lgiu

m

Ita

ly

Ice

land

Esto

nia

Po

land

Latv

ia

Cze

ch R

epu

blic

Slo

ve

nia

Po

rtu

ga

l

Hu

ng

ary

Lith

ua

nia

Ro

ma

nia

Sp

ain

Cyp

rus

Bu

lgaria

Cro

atia

Ma

lta

Gre

ece

Re

sp

on

de

nts

wh

o a

gre

e t

ha

t i

t is

ea

sy t

o f

ind

go

od

ho

us

ing

at

a r

ea

so

na

ble

pri

ce

, in

%

CapitalOther

Housing in European cities at a reasonable price, 2015

Source: Quality of Life Survey, Eurobarometer 419. Published in European Commission (2016), The State of European Cities 2016:

Cities leading the way to a better future

5

Cycling in European cities as a mode of transport, 2015

Belfast

Ljubljana

Košice

Bratislava

Białystok

GdańskPiatra Neamţ

Miskolc

Budapest

Malmö

Stockholm

ClujBraga

Lisboa (Greater City)

Bucureşti

Kraków

Dublin

ReykjavíkPalermo

Bologna

Torino

Verona

Roma

Vilnius Luxembourg

Rīga

Valletta

Rotterdam

Oslo

Warszawa

Groningen

Aalborg

Amsterdam

Graz

Málaga

Wien

Antwerpen

Liège

BruxellesBurgas

Sofia

Genève

Zürich

LefkosiaTallinn

København

Ostrava

Praha

Barcelona

Rostock

Dortmund

Leipzig

München

Berlin

Irakleio

Athina (Greater City)Madrid

Strasbourg

Lille

Oulu / Uleåborg

Helsinki

Marseille

Bordeaux

Paris (Greater City)

Zagreb

London

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ma

lta

Ita

ly

Esto

nia

Po

rtu

ga

l

Sp

ain

Bu

lgaria

Gre

ece

Cyp

rus

Ro

ma

nia

Lith

ua

nia

Slo

va

kia

Cze

ch R

epu

blic

Fra

nce

UK

Be

lgiu

m

La

tvia

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

Hu

ng

ary

Ice

land

Po

land

Cro

atia

Au

str

ia

No

rway

Sw

ede

n

Ire

land

Fin

land

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Slo

ve

nia

Ne

the

rla

nd

s

De

nm

ark

Res

po

nd

en

ts w

ho

mo

st

oft

en

us

e c

yc

lin

ga

s a

mo

de

of

tran

sp

ort

, in

%

Capital

Source: Quality of Life Survey, Eurobarometer 419. Published in European Commission (2016), The State of European Cities 2016: Cities

leading the way to a better future

6

City productivity & administrative fragmentation

• Productivity

increases by

2-5% for a

doubling in

population

size

• Productivity

falls by 6%

for a doubling

in number of

municipalities

(for given

population

size)

Source: OECD (2015) Metropolitan Century 7

In 2016, out of the 35 OECD countries, only 15 had an

explicit national urban policy.

• However, almost 90% of OECD counties have partial elements of

NUPs in their urban landscape.

Type of National Urban Policies in 35 OECD countries

15 15

5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Explicit Partial No NUP

Number of countries

Source: OECD survey on National Urban Policies (2016)

Finland

National urban policies by stage of development in 35

OECD countries

When considering both explicit and partial NUPs, 40% of OECD countries

are in the implementation and 26% in the monitoring and evaluation stage.

Finland

9

10

Areas with extensive scope in OECD countries’

national urban policies

For NUPs in OECD countries, economic development is the most

extensively covered sector, while economic resilience receives the

weakest degree of attention.

Recommendations for more successful cities

1. Improve cities’ productivity to produce wealth and raise well-

being.

2. Cities and regions require integrated sectoral policies.

3. Cities require integrated public transport provision.

4. Ensure sufficient affordable housing provision.

5. Adopt governance arrangements that fit a city’s situation.

6. Welcome new inhabitants from different backgrounds and

origins.

11

Twitter: @marikiviniemi

Thank you!

12