NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES: og - UNECE

National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela1

NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES:A Series of International Examples

Andrea OyuelaRegional Planning Officer, Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit, UN-Habitat

[email protected]

Final regional meeting on the strengthening national capacity for sustainable housing, urban development and land management

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A need for National Urban Policies

Challenges in the ECE region and economies in transition:

– Centralized planning system

– Weak institutional integration

– Sectorial management of economies

– Shortage of expertise

– Few countries with NUPs

– Less-participatory policies

– Inadequate implementation mechanisms

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National Urban Policies (NUPs)

• A coherent set of decisions;• Deliberate government-led

process;• Coordinating and rallying actors

towards a common vision/goal;• Participatory and inclusive

approach;• For the long-term.

Both a process and a product.


Potential of NUPs for SDGs


UN-Habitat is currently supporting 28 countries with the

development of their National Urban Policy

An active portfolio for NUP development with budget over USD 7 million


NUPs Around the World

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Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA


AUSTRALIA – “Smart Cities Plan”

• Historically, Australia has lacked explicit visioning to guide NUPs.

• Main challenge: lack of integrated policy on behalf of a national-level authority*.

• Multiple efforts to shift, e.g. Building Better Cities Programme, 1990’s

• Coordination at the heart of NUPs.


STATUS: FORMULATION

*The Evolution of National Urban Policies. UN-Habitat, 2014.


AUSTRALIA – “Smart Cities Plan”

• Setting the central vision for the country.

• Inform planning and investment in the country’s largest and smaller-regionalcities.

• 03 ‘smart’ pillars: smart investment, smart policy, and smart technology.


READ MORE

https://cities.dpmc.gov.au/smart-cities-plan


GHANA – “National Urban Policy Framework”

• Recognizing potential of urbanization for economic & social development.

• Four-year process, including extensive domestic consultation.

• Supported by strong advocacy campaign on media (TV & radio) for its sensitization.


STATUS: IMPLEMENTATION


GHANA – “National Urban Policy Framework”

• 12 objectives for policy implementation.

• Implemented through a National Urban Policy Action Plan.

• 5-year framework of implementation.

• Challenges regarding implementing actor.

READ MORE


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http://www.mowhs.gov.bt/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/Bhutan_National_Urbanization_Strategy_2008.pdf


INDIA – “100 Smart Cities Programme”

• Metropolitan areas experiencing stagnation*.

• Need to tackle horizontal urban areas to harness the benefits of agglomeration.

• Efforts:– First program (JNNURM) in 2005.

– Pro-poor program (RAY) in 2013.


STATUS: FORMULATION

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*World bank (2013). Urbanization beyond municipal boundaries: nurturing metropolitan economies and connecting peri-urban areas in India.


INDIA – “100 Smart Cities Programme”

• New “urban era” of India.

• Cities are thought of as an “eco-system”.

• Three main areas of action: retrofitting, redevelopment, and pan-city projects that will include smart solutions.

• Avoid pitfalls of JNURM: one-year consultation process with multi-level tiers, from top to bottom, to ensure sustainability. READ MORE


http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=122743


MEXICO – “National Urban Housing Policy”

• Slightly ahead in the region: formal policy in place.

• Challenges for urban development:

– Outdated legislation

– Inflexible institutions

– Lack of an integrated vision

– Weak local authorities with short-time horizons



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MEXICO – National Urban Housing Policy

• Established in 2013.

• Introduces new principles of urban development.

• Formulated through extensive national consultation.

• Successes, so far:– Reconsideration of housing subsidies to hinder sprawl

– Expansion of supply of low-income housing

– More environmentally-friendly housing

– More inclusive housing


READ MORE

http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/vivienda/foros/politica_nacional.pdf


SOUTH AFRICA – “Integrated Urban Development Framework”

• Popular sentiment towards rural development has hindered NUPs.

• Shift to Integrated cities = functional cities = productive cities

• National Development Plan (2012) aims at integration of settlements through the potential of and roles of subnational actors.



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SOUTH AFRICA – “Integrated Urban Development Framework”

• Drafted in 2014.• Requirement for every city to

formulate a long-term growth and development strategy (GDS) with a 30-year timeframe.

• The GDS will be a shared vision & guide for each city.

• Expected outcome: strengthen local authorities to deliver housing and basic services.


READ MORE

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http://www.africancentreforcities.net/programme/integrated-urban-development-framework-for-sa/; http:/sacitiesnetwork.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/urban-policy.pdf


CONCLUDING REMARKS

• Needs collective visioning to be sustainable, e.g. consultationsamong tiers of government and public participation.

• Efforts don’t stop in formulation & approval; needscontinuation for its implementation, e.g. Mexico.

• Value in mobilizing actors and resources to guarantee NUPimplementation, e.g. success in Australia, challenge in Ghana.

• The potential of local authorities for implementation:translating national-level principles to the local level, e.g.success in South Africa, challenge in Mexico.


Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit, Urban Planning and Design Branch

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

P.O. Box 30030 | Nairobi 00100, Kenya

[email protected]

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