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Lecture 3

National Romanticism and Art Nouveau

Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889

C.L. Dutert and Victor Contamin, Galeries des

Machines, Paris Universal Exposition of 1889

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Semper’s “Four Elements of Architecture” (the mound, the hearth, the roof, the wall) versus Marc Antoine Laugier’s theory of the “primitive hut” as the origin for

a rationalist theory of architecture based on structure

Wilhelm Bernatzik, Entrance to Paradise, Mistelbach bei Wien (Vienna), 1906

“Arlington Row” in Cotswold village of Bibury (17th c.); Webb’s Red House (1860); Voysey’s design for a cottage (1885); John Ruskin, decorated cusped Gothic

window (1853)

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E. W. Godwin, Brochure for “Art Furniture”, London, 1877

Hector Guimard, Castel Henriette, Sevres, 1899, with detail of window

grate

“Modern Interior,” 1878, as featured in Jacob von Falke, Die Kunst imHause [trans. as Art in the Home] (Boston, 1879), plate 30

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Late 19th-century buffet in the “modern baroque style,” 1880; E.W. Godwin,Sideboard of ebonized wood and Japanese leather paper, 1867

Anonymous, Study for Interior Elevation of a Room, Munich, 1900

Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1892-93 view of street facade

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Façade detail

Plan of ground floor and mezzanine

Plan and view of entry & vestibule showing mosaic floors

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Victor HortaTassel House, Brussels, view

back toward entrance from reception hall, with plan of

ground floor

Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase

Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, detail of staircase

column, compared to ornamental ironwork of

Viollet-le-Duc from 1860s

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Longitudinal section through Tassel House, with detail of staircase showing structural modifications due to construction in the Art Nouveau

style

Horta Brass fittings, 1895-1905

Detail of staircase

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Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase

Main floor and second floor plans

Horta, Maison du Peuple (Belgian Socialist Party Headquarters), Brussels, 1899, street view

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Poster advertising grand opening of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels, 1899

Horta, Maison du Peuple, ground floor plan, with ceiling structure notated

Horta, Maison du

Peuple, section

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Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of dining hall/cafe

Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of top-floor auditorium, with clerestory daylighting enabled by thin iron trusses in ceiling and balcony railings/ supports

Henry van de Velde, Interior of the Paris shop La Maison Moderne, designed for Julius Meier Graefe, 1898

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The house of the 'Art Nouveau [of Sigfried] Bing' , Paris World’s Exhibition, 1900

Studio Vol. 20 June, July 1900, pp.164-180

Anti-academic art: Hermann Obrist, Design for a Memorial, Basel, Switzerland, 1892 (left); study of movement, 1893 (right)

August Endell, Elvira Photography Studio, Munich,

1897, exterior views

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.

Elvira Photography Studio, view of entrance

hall

Elvira Photography Studio, view of staircase

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh (w/ Margaret McDonald), Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04

Hill House plan of ground floor

View of Hill House entrance hall

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Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom

Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom

Hill House, furniture in master bedroom

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Furniture in Hill House master bedroom

Hill House, washstand

Mackintosh, competition drawing for “A House for a Friend of Art” , 1903, perspective view of music/reception room

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Version of Mackintosh’s Music Room constructed in 2002 in Glasgow

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Mackintosh, chair design and fireplace design

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903, and Willow Tea Room, Glasgow, Scotland, interior view, decorative wall panels, 1901

Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask,

general view, 1903.

Karelian and Finnish national identity, awakened especially vis a vis conflicts w/Russia over the region of Karelia, stimulate Finnish idenitification with

landscape, local roots, natural materials, craft traditions

Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask, elevation drawing and section elevation, 1900

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Heinrich Tessenow, “Dwelling for the Simple Life,” Germany, 1905

CFA Voysey, “Perrycroft,” north elevation, 1893; below: Inglenook and gallery from “Blackwell,” by M.H. Baillie

Scott, 1899

Henry Hobson Richardson, Ames Gate Lodge (1879-81) and Ames Memorial Library (1877-79), North Easton, MA

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Wassily Kandinsky, Russian lawyer-turned-painter, “The Old Village,” 1903, painted in Munich, but thematizing Russian villages and folk traditions in a

distinctive, individualistic style of painting

MikalojusCiurlionis, “A Fairy Tale of Kings,” 1909

Like the Finns and some Russians, the Baltic

peoples (here a Lithuanian artist)

identified with their local landscape and traditions

in opposition to occupation by Czarist

Russia

.

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Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, general view (recent view; original tower was destroyed by fire in 1922)

Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, site plan

Villa Hvrittask, view of garden front

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Villa Hvrittask, view of entrance and gate tower

Villa Hvrittask, view of living room

Eliel Saarinen, Library at Suur Merijoki, 1903, Watercolor Interior View

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Details from work of Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren

Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Finnish

Exhibition Pavilion, Paris World’s

Exhibition of 1900

The fusion of national representation with religious architectural motifs helps sacralize modern Finnish

identity and fuse it with native building forms

.

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Alphonse Mucha (Czech, 1860–1939), Brooch, ca. 1900

Manufacturer: Georges Fouquet; Gold, enamel, mother-of-pearl, opal, emerald, colored stones,

gold paint

Vienna and surroundings

Late 19th

century

Otto Wagner, author of 1894 textbook, Modern Architecture, redesigns Vienna’s infrastructure

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Vienna 1st

district bird’s eye view

Otto Wagner, Karlsplatz subway station entrance pavilion, 1896-1900 of dozens of different stations designed after he won a competition for expanding the system

Karlsplatz Station, entrance details and construction details

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Wagner’s Post Office Savings

Bank, 1904, near the Vienna Ringstrasse

.

Sanatorium outside Vienna and site of Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902

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Steinhof Sanatorium, outside Vienna, with Wagner church at top

Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902

Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902

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Joseph Maria Olbrich, Secession Building,

Vienna, 1897-99, with Gustav Klimt

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Joseph Maria Olbrich, Elevation for Villa Friedman, Ladies Sitting Room, 1902

“Der Zeit Ihre KunstDer Kunst Ihre Freiheit

To the time its own artAnd to art its freedom

View of Vienna, with Gottfried Semper’s Court Theater in the foreground, directly on the Ringstrasse boulevard

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Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Forest Chapel at Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920.

Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920.

Louis Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota, 1908

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Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, distant view

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank,

exterior wall detail with tiles and terra

cotta ornament

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, lamps hung from iron wall bracket

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Frieze detail

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, postcard view of interior banking hall

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, hanging chandelier

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Sullivan, National

Farmers’ Bank, second view of

hanging chandelier

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, ornaments above entrance on the interior

Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, stained glass window

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Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, decorative painting on interior arch