National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - The … · 2015. 5. 4. · tributaries to the...

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YAKIMA RIVER RADIO-TELEMETRY STUDY:

SPRING CHINOOK SALMON, 1991-92

by

Eric Hockersmith

John Vella

Lowell Stuehrenberg

Robert N. Iwamoto

and

George Swan

Funded by

u.S. Department of Energy

Bonneville Power Administration

Division of Fish and Wildlife

P.O. Box 3621

Portland, OR 97208-3621

Project 89-089

Contract DE-AI79-89BP00276

and

Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division

Northwest Fisheries Science Center

National Marine Fisheries Service

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

2725 Montlake Boulevard East

Seattle, Washington 98112-2097

September 1994

iii

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MATERIALS AND METHODS............................ . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Study Area............................................. 3

Trapping and Tagging...... . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radio Tags.............................................

Surveillance Equipment and Procedures....... ....... ....

RESULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

6

7

10

Spawning Population Segregation................... .....

Passage Evaluation.....................................

10

20

Migration Behavior........................... . . . . . . . . . .

Spawning Behavior.............. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40

46

Mortality..............................................

Evaluation of Prosser Dam Adult Collection Facility....

50

50

DISCUSSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

APPENDIX TABLES............................................. 66

INTRODUCTION

The Northwest Power Planning Council Master Plan for the

Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project was developed in 1987 to test

the assumptions that artificial production can be used to 1)

increase harvest opportunities, 2) enhance the natural production

of depleted stocks in the Yakima and Klickitat Basins, and 3)

maintain genetic resources (Clune and Dauble 1991). In addition,

the plan proposed the development and implementation of a program

to monitor the status and productivity of salmon and steelhead in

the Yakima and Klickitat Basins.

As part of the presupplementation planning, baseline data on

the productivity of spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus

tshawytscha) in the Yakima River have been collected (Fast et al.

1991). However, for adult salmonids, data on habitat use, delays

in passage at irrigation diversions, migration rates, and

substock separation have not been collected.

In 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) began

a 2-year radio-telemetry study of adult spring chinook salmon in

the Yakima River Basin.

Specific objectives of the study were to:

1) Determine spawning populations' run timing, passage

patterns at irrigation diversion dams, and morphometric

characteristics to determine where and when substocks

become separated.

2) Evaluate fish passage at Yakima River Basin

diversion dams including Prosser, Sunnyside, Wapato,

Roza, Town Diversion, Easton, Cowiche, and Wapatox Dams.

2

3) Determine spring chinook salmon migration rates between

Yakima River Basin dams, prespawning behavior, temporal

distribution, and habitat utilization.

4) Identify spawning distribution and timing of spring

chinook salmon.

S) Determine the amount and cause of prespawning mortality

of spring chinook salmon.

6} Evaluate adult fish-handling procedures for the right

bank, adult-trapping facility at Prosser Dam.

3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

The Yakima River flows 349 km southeast from its headwaters

in the Cascade Range (elevation 746 m) to its confluence with the

Columbia River (elevation 91 m) near Richland, Washington,

draining an area of 15,941 km2 (Fig. 1). Its major tributaries,

with the exception of Satus and Toppenish Creeks, join the river

upstream from Yakima, Washington. The largest tributary to the

Yakima River is the Naches River, which drains an area of

2,865 km2 and enters the Yakima River 0.5 km upstream from the

city of Yakima. Major tributaries to the Naches River include

the Little Naches, Bumping, and American Rivers, which form its

headwaters, and the Tieton River and Rattlesnake Creek. Major

tributaries to the upper Yakima River include the Teanaway and

Cle Elum Rivers.

Nine major diversion dams control water flow in the basin

and provide irrigation to over 200,000 cultivated hectares. On

the Yakima River these darns are Horn Rapids (River Kilometer

(RKm) 29), Prosser (RKm 75.8), Sunnyside (RKm 167.1), Wapato (RKm

171.6), Roza (RKm 205.9), Town Diversion (RKm 258.6), and Easton

(RKm 326) Dams. The major diversion dams on the Naches River are

Cowiche (RKm 5.8) and Wapatox (RKm 27.5) Dams. All of these dams

have adult fish-passage facilities.

In addition to the irrigation diversion dams, reservoirs on

the Yakima and Naches Rivers regulate flows and store water

during the winter to supplement irrigation from March through

Salus Cr.

• Monitoring Sites mCollection and Tagging Facility* Release Site

c:::II DlIms

4

Columbia Aiver

Figure 1.--Map of the Yakima River Basin showing irrigation diversion dams, monitoring sites, collection and tagging location, and release site.

5

October. These reservoirs include Keechelus and Kachess on the

Yakima River, Cle Elum on the Cle Elum River, and Rimrock and

Bumping Reservoirs in the Naches River Basin. None of the dams

associated with the reservoir system have adult fish-passage

facilities. Johnson (1964) and Fast et ale (1991) provide

additional descriptions of the Yakima River Basin.

Trapping and Tagging

Spring chinook salmon were collected and tagged at Prosser

Dam by NMFS and Yakama Indian Nation personnel. Tagging

procedures were developed and modified throughout the study.

Fish were tagged and released in proportion to temporal abundance

based on passage information from McNary and Prosser Dams. We

collected spring chinook salmon by blocking upstream movement

with a lead gate in the right-bank fish ladder at Prosser Darn.

We inserted a steep-pass denil into the pool below the lead gate.

Fish ascended the denil to a flume that then diverted them into

an anesthesia tank containing a solution of tricaine

methanesulfonate (MS-222).

After examination for marks, tags, or injuries, fish were

weighed, measured, and had scale samples taken. Each fish was

then placed in a tagging cradle, and a radio transmitter was

inserted through its mouth and into its stomach (Mellas and

Haynes 1985). To minimize tag regurgitation, we radio-tagged

only fish larger than 60-cm fork length. Tagged fish were also

marked with two external anchor tags for later identification in

the tribal subsistence harvest. The entire tagging procedure

6

took 2-5 minutes per fish. Following tagging, fish were allowed

to recover for up to 4 hours in a transport truck with

circulating river water. During the recovery period, a receiver

was used to monitor transmitters for frequency drift. After

recovery, tagged fish were released 0.5 km downstream from

Prosser Dam. Nontarget species and target species in poor

condition or of insufficient size were released into the fish

ladder upstream from the lead gate after recovering from

anesthesia.

Age determination from scale samples was conducted by

Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission personnel.

Radio Tags

Radio tags were purchased from Advanced Telemetry Systems,

Inc. 1 Each tag was powered by one 3.7-V lithium battery and had

a life span of at least 7 months.

The transmitter and battery were sealed in a 6.0-cm length X

1.6-cm diameter epoxy capsule and weighed 26 g in air. Each

transmitter had a 12.0-cm flexible external whip antenna attached

to one end. The tags transmitted on one of nine frequencies

spaced 10 kHz apart (30.17 MHz to 30.25 MHz). The bandwidth of

each pulse provided individual identification codes for each tag.

Each tag also contained a motion sensor which added extra pulses

to the base rate when activated by movement.

lReference to trade names does not imply endorsement by National Marine Fisheries Service.

7

Surveillance Equipment and Procedures

Two types of telemetry receivers were used for locating

tagged fish during the study. Both types operated on 12-V DC and

consisted of a radio receiver, data processor, internal clock,

and data logger. Data loggers recorded month, day, hour, minute,

tag code, and receiving antenna number. The first type of

receiver (Model SRX-400) was purchased from Lotek Engineering

Inc., Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. These units were used in

vehicles, boats, and as fixed-site general location monitors.

The second type of receiver was developed and manufactured by

NMFS electronics shop personnel and had a higher scanning rate

than Lotek receivers (1.5 vs. 13.5 seconds). These units were

used in vehicles, boats, airplanes, and as fixed-site general

location and fish-ladder passage monitors.

Self-contained fixed-site monitors were installed to record

the presence and activities of radio-tagged fish in specific

areas. Fixed-site monitors (Fig. 1) collected run-timing

information at potential broodstock removal sites and passage

information at irrigation diversion dams. A fixed-site monitor

consisted of a receiver system, power supply, antenna switching

box, and either a single antenna or series of antennae. Fixed

site surveillance data were downloaded and processed at least

once per week.

Two types of antennae were used. Underwater antennae

consisted of coaxial cable suspended in fish ladders, with 10 cm

of shielding stripped from the distal end. Tuned-loop antennae

8

were used to monitor fish in a general area or to monitor fish

passage by the combination of two antennae (one upstream and one

downstream). Locations and antennae configuration for fixed-site

telemetry monitors are summarized in Table 1.

In 1991, only the entrances to the right-bank fish ladder at

Prosser dam were monitored. Problems with electronic equipment

resulted in limited data to evaluate the rejection of or

withdrawal from the fish ladders. In 1992, monitoring of all

fish-ladder entrances and exits at Prosser Darn and improvements

to electronic equipment provided data to evaluate avoidance of

the denil fishway or withdrawal from fish ladders.

Aerial surveillance of the Yakima River and its major

tributaries was conducted once per week, weather permitting.

Locations of radio-tagged individuals were determined from

latitude and longitude coordinates provided by a global

positioning system.

Mobile telemetry receivers were used once per week, and more

frequently when personnel were available, to collect more-precise

information on fish locations. This information was used to

develop data on habitat utilization and fish behavior. Activity

in the radio-tag motion switch and upstream movement were used as

indicators of live fish. In addition, attempts were made to

recover carcasses of stationary individuals.

In 1992, tests were conducted comparing "V" and flash-board

type weirs in the right-bank fish ladder at Prosser Darn for the

entrance into a proposed off-ladder holding pool. Fish movements

9

Table 1.--Locations and antennae configuration for fixed-site telemetry monitors.

Monitor number

Monitor

location

Monitor type

River River

Km

Antenna number

Antenna location

72 Horn Rapids Dam Lotek Yakima 2B.8 1 Downstream

72 Horn Rapids Dam Lotek Yakima 28.8 2 Upstream

1 Chandler Juvenile Facility NMFS Yakima 74.1 1 Across

2 Prosser Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 75.4 1 Denil pool

2 Prosser Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 75.4 2 Ladder exit

70 Prosser Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 75.4 1 Ladder entrance

3 Prosser Dam Center NMFS Yakima 75.4 1 Ladder entrance

3 Prosser Dam Center NMFS Yakima 75.4 2 Ladder exit

4 Prosser Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 75.4 1 Ladder entrance

4 Prosser Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 75.4 2 Ladder exit

71 Prosser Dam Left-Bank Lotek Yakima 75.4 1 Downstream

5 Sunnyside Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 166.1 1 Ladder exit

6 Sunnyside Dam Center NMFS Yakima 166.1 1 Ladder exit

7 Sunnyside Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 166.1 1 Ladder exit

7 Sunnyside Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 166.1 2 Downstream

B Wapato Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 170.6 1 Ladder exit

9 Wapato Dam Center NMFS Yakima 170.6 1 Ladder exit

9 Wapato Dam Center NMFS Yakima 170.6 2 Downstream

10 Wapato Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 170.6 1 Ladder exit

10 Wapato Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 170.6 2 Downstream

11 Roza Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 204.6 1 Ladder exit

11 Roza Dam Left-Bank NMFS Yakima 204-.6 2 Downstream

12 Roza Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 204.6 1 Gallery inside

12 Roza Dam Right-Bank NMFS Yakima 204.6 2 Gallery outside

13 Town Diversion Dam Lotek Yakima 257.0 1 Downstream

13 Town Diversion Dam Lotek Yakima 257.0 2 Upstream

14 Easton Dam Lotek Yakima 324.0 1 Ladder exit

14 Easton Dam Lotek Yakima 324.0 2 Downstream

40 Cowiche Dam Left-Bank NMFS Naches 5.B 1 Ladder entrance

40 Cowiche Dam Left-Bank NMFS Naches 5.8 2 Ladder exit

43 Cowiche Dam Left-Bank Lotek Naches 5.B 1 Downstream

41 Wapatox Dam Left-Bank Lotek Naches 27.4 1 Downstream

41 Wapatox Dam Left-Bank Lotek Naches 27.4 2 Upstream

42 Rattlesnake Creek NMFS Rattlesnake 0.8 1 Across

10

in the right-bank fish ladder were videotaped, to compare the

numbers of fish that passed vs. those that rejected the entrance.

RESULTS

Spawning Population Segregation

In 1991 and 1992, respectively, 63 and 92 spring chinook

salmon were radio tagged at Prosser Dam and tracked through

spawning. Spring chinook salmon migrated into the Yakima River

from early April through June (Fig. 2). Returning adult spring

chinook salmon exhibited three behavioral phases similar to those \

described for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by Bagliniere et al.

(1991). These phases consisted of a migratory phase, a

prespawning holding phase, and a spawning phase. The following

substocks or spawning populations of spring chinook salmon were

identified in the Yakima River Basin: American River; Bumping

River; Little Naches River; Naches River; Rattlesnake Creek; the

upper Yakima River above Ellensburg, Washington; Cle Elum River;

and Roza Dam tailrace.

Analysis of 1991 and 1992 passage data indicated that all

substocks were mixed and could not be segregated based on time of

passage at Prosser, Sunnyside, and Wapato Dams (Figs. 3-5). In

addition, spawning populations could not be segregated on the

basis of fish-ladder selection at Yakima River diversion dams

with multiple fish ladders (Prosser, Sunnyside, and Wapato Dams)

(Figs. 6-8). Segregation of substocks did not occur until fish

reached the confluence of the Naches and Yakima Rivers.

11

140 mVlDEO COUNTS N-Z,u4 -TAGGED N-11

120

::z:: 100U) u: u. 800 a: w 60m :E :;:) 40Z

20

0 4/1 4/15 5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 7/1

1991

300 9 V1DEO COUNTS N-4,311 .TAGGED N-IDZ

250

::z:: ~200u.

4/1 4/15 5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 7/1

1992

u. 0 a: 150 w m ::e 100::l Z

50

0

Figure 2.--Spring chinook salmon migration past Prosser Dam and number radio tagged, 1991-92 ..

12

AMERICAN RIVER 1------

BUMPING RIVER 1----------------

UTIlE NACHES 1-------

RATTlESNAKE CREEK 1------

NACHES RIVER 1----

YAKIMA RIVER

CLE EWM RIVER 1--------

ROZA TAILWATER 1--------

4/15 5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 6/30

1991

AMERICAN RIVER 1---------

BUMPING RIVER 1-----

IJTTlE NACHES 1----

RATI1.ESNAKE CREEK 1-------

NACHES RIVER 1-------

YAKIMA RIVER

CLE ELUM RIVER 1--------1

ROZA TAiLWATER 1---------

4/1 4/15 5/1 5/15 5/31

1992

Figure 3.--Tagging dates of spring chinook salmon substocks at Prosser Dam, 1991-92.

13

AMERICAN RIVER 1----

BUMPING RIVER I---------~---

UTTLE NACHES

RATTLESNAKE CREEK f------

NACHES RIVER f--

YAKIMA RIVER

CLE EWM RIVER 1-----

5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 7/1 7/15

1991

AMERICAN RIVER 1-------

BUMPING RIVER 1-----

LmLE NACHES 1-----

RATll.ESNAKE CREEK 1-----

NACHES RIVER f----

YAKIMA RIVER

CLE EWM RIVER 1----

ROZA TAiLWATER f--------

4/15 5/1

1992

5/15 5/31

Figure 4.--Passage dates of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks at Sunnyside Darn, 1991-92.

14


BUMPING RIVER 1------------

UTTLE 'NACHES \--_

RATTLESNAKE CREEK 1---------'

NACHES RIVER 1----

YAKIMA RIVER 1---

5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 7/1 7/15

1991


BUMPING RIVER 1------

UTTLE NACHES 1---

RATTLESNAKE CREEK 1---

NACHES RIVER 1------,

CLE EWM RIVER I---~

YAKIMA RIVER

ROZA TAILWATER 1-------

4/15 5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15

1992

Figure S.--Passage dates of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks at wapato Dam, 1991-.92.

http:1991-.92

15

1991

50%

N = 16

8%

N =50

LEFT-BANK FISH LADDER

33%

N=3

1992

47%

N = 15 CENTER FISH LADDER

N = 15

65%

12%

N = 17 RIGHT-BANK FISH LADDER

~NACHES

mI UTIlE NACHES • ROZA TAILWATER II1II UPPER YAKIMA 0 Cl.E EWM l1li RATTLESNAKE ffi] BUMPING ~AMERICAN

Figure 6.--Fish-ladder selection by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks at Prosser Da~, 1991-92.

16

1991

3%

41%

6%

43%

6% 14%

N=4 N = 34 N=7

1992

53%

54% 60%

N = 20 RIGHT-BANK FISH LADDER

.ROZA TAILWATER II1II UPPER YAKIMA DCLE ELUM ~NACHES

l1li RAnLESNAKE [TIJ BUMPINQ ~AMERICAN m1 L1nLE NACHES

17%

N =24

LEFT-BANK FISH LADDER

12%

N =49 CENTER FISH LADDER

Figure 7.--Fish-ladder selection by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks at Sunnyside Dam, 1991-92.

17

1991

61%

100%

17% 28%

N = 1 N = 18 N = 12

1992

49%

4% 7%

2% - 100% 5%

N = 19 N =57 N = 3 LEFT-BANK FISH LADDER CENTER FISH LADDER RIGHT-BANK FISH LADDER

.Ron TAiLWATER IliuPPER YAKIMA DeLE ELUII ~NACHES l1li RATTLESNAKE IllD BUMPING E3AMERICAN &i]J LITTLE NACHES

Figure 8.--Fish-ladder selection by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks at Wapato DamJ 1991-92.

1B

At that point, spring chinook salmon that spawned in the

mainstem Yakima River or Cle Elum River continued up the Yakima

River, and those that spawned in the Naches River Basin migrated

up the Naches River. Only two radio-tagged spring chinook salmon

deviated from this behavior, both in 1991. These two individuals

eventually spawned in the mainstem Naches River after straying

past the Naches River to the base of Roza Dam. Neither fish

exited the fish ladder at Roza Dam: one remained in the tailrace

at Roza Dam for 1.B days, while the other remained for 36.9 days

before moving back downstream and migrating up the Naches River.

Only upper Yakima River and Cle Elum River spawners exited the

fish ladder at Roza Dam during both years. No Naches River

substocks strayed to Roza Dam in 1992.

Naches River Basin spawning populations were mixed during

passage at Cowiche Dam on the Naches River (Fig. 9). These

populations did not become segregated until completing their

migration phase and settling into the prespawning holding phase.

Straying of upper Yakima River spawners into the Naches

River below Cowiche Dam could not be assessed, since the area was

not monitored by fixed-site equipment. Similarly, straying of

Naches River Basin spawning populations into the Yakima River

above the Naches River confluence and downstream from Roza Darn

could not be assessed since this area also was not monitored by

fixed-site equipment. In addition, since the entrance of the

Roza Dam fish ladder was not monitored, entrance into the fish

ladder by the two Naches River fish that ~trayed to the base of

19


LnTLE NACHES 1---

RATn.ESNAKE CREEK 1--------

NACHES RIVER 1--.........

5/1 5/15 6/1 6/15 7/1 7/15

1991

AMERICAN RIVER 1---------

BUMPING RIVER 1-------

LlnLE NACHES 1------

RAnLESNAKE CREEK 1------

NACHES RIVER 1------

4/15 5/1 5/15 5/31

1992

Figure 9.--Passage dates of radio-tagged Naches River spring chinook salmon substocks at Cowiche Dam, 1991-92.

20

Roza Dam in 1991, or by the Roza Dam tailrace spawners during

both years, could not be assessed.

Length and age characteristics of radio-tagged spring

chinook salmon were analyzed to determine if substocks could be

separated based on th6se characteristics. Length, age, and last

observations of individual radio-tagged fish are indicated in

Appendix Tables A.1 and A.2. Spawning populations were

predominantly 4-year-old in both years, but in 1991, there was a

higher proportion of 5-year-old fish in the Naches River drainage

(Table 2).

Lengths of fish from individual substocks overlapped

considerably (Figs. 10-11). The largest radio-tagged fish were

part of the American River population. Large fish (fork length

>90 cm) also spawned in the Bumping River, Rattlesnake Creek, and

Naches River. Fish from the Yakima River were generally smaller.

Passage Evaluation

Individual radio-tagged spring chinook salmon passage times

and ladder use at Yakima River irrigation diversion dams are

indicated in Appendix Tables B.1 and B.2.

Prosser Dam

Passage times at Prosser Dam in 1991 ranged from 0.1 to

9.8 days for 57 fish (median 1.0 day) and in 1992 ranged from 0.1

to 6.0 days for 94 fish (median 0.5 days) (Fig. 12). Migration

delay at Prosser Dam was less in low-flow conditions (1992) than

normal-flow conditions (1991) (Figs. 12-13).

21

Table 2.--Age composition of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon substocks, 1991-92.

1991 1992

Substock 4-year old 5-year old 4-year old 5-year old

American River 0 6 5 3

Bumping River 0 1 4 2

Little Naches River 0 2 3 1

Naches River 9 12 9 1

Rattlesnake Creek 2 1 4 0

Roza Dam tailrace 2 0 1 0

Cle Elum River 1 0 4 0

Upper Yakima River 22 5 44 6

22

1991

RATnESNAKE CREEK1__------

NACHES RIVER �__-------

YAKIMA RIVER 1----

ROZA TAILWATER 1----------

C~EWMRMERI---------

55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 n 79 81 83 85

FORK LENGTH (em)

1992

AMERICAN RIVER 1__----------

~M~NGRIVERI__---------------

UTTlE NACHES 1------------

NACHES RMER 1----'

YAKIMA RIVER 1-----

CLE EWM RIVER 1----------

ROZA TAiLWATER 1--------------

55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85

FORK LENGTH (em)

Figure 10.--Fork lengths (em) of 4-year-old radio-tagged spring chinook salmon by substock, 1991-92.

23

1991

AMERICAN RIVER 1----------

BUMPING RIVER I----~--------

LITTlE NACHES 1--------

RAnLESNAKE CREEK I--------------~

NACH~RIVER~------

YAKIMA RIVER 1---

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

FORK LENGTH (em)

1992


BUMPING RIVER 1-----------1

LrrnE NACHES 1---------

NACHES RIVER 1----------

YAKIMA RIVER 1---

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 FORK LENGTH (em)

Figure 11.--Fork lengths (cm) of 5-year-old radio-tagged spring chinook salmon by substock, 1991-92.

80 .1991 N = 57 ~1992 N = 94

J: 60 en u::: u. o ... 40 Z W oa: w a. 20

o 0-1 2-3 8-9 10-11 4-5 6-7

PASSAGE TIME IN DAYS

24

Figure 12.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Prosser Dam, 1991-92.

175 -10-YEAR AVG

-I---J.,.----------------t _.... 1991150 i\ 1\i \

125 E ~ I I i : i \ \; \-

0 APR MAY JUN

175 - 10-YEAR AVG

150 -+---------------- '-"'1992

125

-•E 100 .2

• I \ /IE100 I u-~ 9 75 \,

! .,1 \\g

\

\. u.

50 j

25

t. f:'-.1

i ....'

~ 0 75 ..J u.

50

25

II \ \

~. f \

0 APR MAY JUN

25

Figure 13.--Yakima River flow (cubic meters per second, cms) at Prosser Dam compared to the lO-year average.

26

Fish-ladder selection by radio-tagged fish was compared with

overall ladder distribution from videotape monitoring to

determine if ladder selection may have been biased by collecting

all fish from the right-bank fish ladder (Fig. 14). In 1991, the

portion of radio-tagged fish using the right-bank fish ladder was

greater than, and the portion using the left-bank and center fish

ladders was less than, in the total run. However, in 1992, the

radio-tagged portion using the right-bank and center fish ladders

was less than, and the portion using the left-bank fish ladder

greater than, in the total run.

No conclusions regarding fish-ladder selection in relation

to flow were possible due to variability in discharge below the

dam, ladder operations, environmental conditions, and

fluctuations in run composition.

During 1991, 51% of the radio-tagged fish passing Prosser

dam were monitored for fish-ladder selection. Four fish withdrew

from the right-bank fish ladder: two while the denil was

operating and two while the denil was not operating (Table 3).

Of the four fish that withdrew from the right-bank fish ladder,

three subsequently passed Prosser Dam via the left-bank fish

ladder and one passed via the right-bank fish ladder when the

denil was not operating. Withdrawal from the center and left

bank fish ladders was not evaluated in 1991.

During 1992, 91% of the radio-tagged fish passing Prosser

Dam were monitored for fish-ladder selection. Only three fish

withdrew after entering the right-bank fish ladder. Two fish

27

LEFT 63%

CENTER 28%

N =2,834

LEFT 49%

N = 4,365

1991

LEFT 45%

RIGHT 42%

N = 38

1992

LEFT 61%

RIGHT 22%

N = 88

FISH·LADDER COUNTS RADIO-TAGGED FISH

Figure 14.--Comparison between fish-ladder counts and radiotracking monitoring of spring chinook salmon fishladder use at Prosser Dam, 1991-92.

28

Table 3.--Radio-tagged spring chinook salmon passage at Prosser Dam, 1991-92.

1991 1992

Tagged 91 102

Passed Prosser Dam 74 97

Fish-ladder passage recorded 38 88

Recaptured in denil 1 1

Withdrawal from:

Right-bank fish ladder 4 3

Center fish ladder o 1

Left-bank fish ladder o o

29

withdrew during operation of the denil, and one withdrew when the

denil was not operating. Of the three fish that withdrew from

the right-bank fish ladder, two subsequently passed Prosser Dam

via the left-bank fish ladder and one via the center fish ladder.

In addition, one fish withdrew after entering the center fish

ladder and subsequently passed Prosser Dam via the left-bank fish

ladder. No withdrawal from the left-bank fish ladder was

observed in 1992. During both years, only two (one in each year)

radio-tagged spring chinook salmon were recaptured in the denil

after being tagged and released downstream.

Sunnyside Dam

Passage times and fish-ladder selections of radio-tagged

spring chinook salmon were analyzed for 54 and 95 fish in 1991

and 1992, respectively (Fig. 15). Passage times at Sunnyside Dam

ranged from

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4


100

80 J: en i! LL 60 0 IZ w 40Ua: w D.

20

o

.1991 N = 54

~1992 N = 95

30

Figure 15.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Sunnyside Dam, 1991-92.

31

SUNNYSIDE DAM

12% 53%77%

12%

1991 1992 N = 52 N = 95

WAPATO DAM

37%60% 73%

1992 N = 80

• RIGHT-BANK FISH LADDER liliiii CENTER FISH LADDER 0 LEFT-BANK FISH LADDER

3%

1991 N =35

Figure 16.--Fish-ladder selection by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Sunnyside and Wapato Dams, 1991-92.

100

::r: enu: LL 0 .... Z w 0a: w Q.

.1991N=35

~1992 N = 78

80

60

40

20

o 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7


32

Figure 17.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at wapato Dam, 1991-92.

33

the center fish ladder (60% in 1991 and 74% in 1992) (Fig. 16).

Roza Dam

Passage times at Roza Dam were analyzed for 26 and 59 fish

in 1991 and 1992, respectively (Fig. 18). Passage times at Roza

Dam ranged from 0.1 to 22.1 days in 1991 (median 1.4 days) and

from 0.1 to 8.7 days in 1992 (median 0.8 days). No fall-backs

were observed in either 1991 or 1992.

A total of 10 (38%) and 32 (54%) radio-tagged spring chinook

salmon used the gallery at Roza Dam in 1991 and 1992,

respectively (Table 4). Only 5% (two fish, both in 1992) of the

fish using the gallery passed upstream through the gallery into

the fish ladder and continued up the fish ladder past Roza Dam.

The remaining fish dipped into the gallery entrance but did not

pass though the gallery, passed downstream through the gallery

(from the fish ladder into the gallery and exited into the

tailrace on the right-bank shoreline), or passed upstream through

the gallery into the fish ladder and traveled back down the

ladder into the tailrace on the left-bank shoreline.

Thirty and 38% of the fish associated with the gallery in

1991 and 1992, respectively, only dipped into the gallery

entrance. The number of radio~tagged spring chinook salmon that

passed through the gallery downstream only, upstream only, and

both upstream and downstream were similar during both years

(Table 4) .

60 .1991 N =26 ~1992 N =59

50

:::t rn -u.. 40 u.. 0 I- 30 Z w 0a: 20 w a.

10

0 0-1 2-3 10-11 > 22 4-5 6-7 8-9


34

Figure 18.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring

chinook salmon at Roza Dam, 1991-92.

35

Table 4.--Fish passage and gallery use at Roza Dam by radiotagged spring chinook salmon, 1991-92.

1991 1992

Did not use the gallery 16 27

Used the gallery for passage o 2 Entered the gallery 10 30

Gallery behavior and movement

Dipped into entrance only 3 12

Passed downstream only 2 6

Passed upstream only 2 8

Passed both upstream and downstream 3 6

36

Migrational delays at Roza Dam were mainly associated with

the use of the gallery (Table 5). Median passage times for fish

that used the gallery were more than twice as long in 1991 and

four times as long in 1992 than median passage times for fish

that did not use the gallery.

Town Diversion Dam

Passage times at Town Diversion Dam ranged from

37

Table 5.--Median passage delay (days) for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Roza Darn, 1991-1992.

1991 1992

Overall 1.4 0.8

Fish that did not use the gallery 1.1 0.5

Fish that used the gallery 2.7 2.0

38

100

::c tJ)-LL LL 0 IZ LIJ 0a: w a.

80

60

40

20

.1991N=14

~1992 N = 52

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4


Figure 19.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Town Diversion Dam, 1991-92.

60

.1991 N = 25

~1992 N = 33

50

:::r: U)u: 40

LL 0 I- 30

Z UJ 0a: 20

UJ D.

10

0 0-1 6-7 7-8 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6


39

Figure 20.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Cowiche Dam, 1991-92.

40

0.1 to 7.8 days in 1991 (median 1.0 day) and from

41

USED THE FISH LADDER USED THE FISH LADDER 12% 33%

JUMPED JUMPED 88% 67%

N =25 N =33

1991 1992

Figure 21.--Fish-ladder use at Cowiche Dam by radiotagged spring chinook salmon, 1991-92.

42

:x:: 30 enu:: La. o I- 20 Z w o a: w D. 10

o 4·5 6-7 8-9 10-11 > 44


40

.1991 N = 30

~1992 N = 33

0-1 2-3

Figure 22.--Passage times of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Wapatox Dam, 1991-92.

35

~ 30

ffi 25 D..

~ 20 W

Iii 15 :E o == 10 ~

5

o

40 .1991

~1992

PROSSER SUNNYSIDE WAPATO ROZA COWICHE

TO TO TO TO TO

SUNNYSIDE WAPATO ROZA TOWN WAPATOX

WAPATO

TO

COWICHE

43

Figure 23.--Median migration rates of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon between Yakima River irrigation diversion dams, 1991-92.

44

141 days). Habitat utilization and behavior during prespawning

holding periods were investigated only in 1992. Prespawning

behavior, spawning behavior, and habitat utilization for

individual radio-tagged spring chinook salmon are indicated in

Appendix D. Of 94 radio-tagged spring chinook salmon, 91%

(86 fish) held in only one location during the prespawning

holding period; the remaining 9% (8 fish) continually migrated

upstream or held in multiple locations for short durations.

Habitat utilization while holding was limited to areas with

nonlethal water temperatures, turbulence, large substrate

material, and high-quality overhead cover such as woody debris,

undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation. During 1992, 83%

(76 fish) of the radio-tagged spring chinook salmon spent holding

periods in areas with overhead cover. Spring chinook salmon

preferred riffle habitat associated with overhanging vegetation

or undercut banks (Fig. 24). No aggressive behavior was observed

during the prespawning holding period. A log jam on the American

River was utilized by one radio-tagged and three nontagged spring

chinook salmon throughout the summer in 1992. These four fish

spent holding periods in close proximity «2 m) and did not

appear affected by the presence of each other. Beginning in

August and continuing through October,~erritorial behavior

began, and radio-tagged fish moved onto adjacent spawning

grounds.

46

Spawning Behavior

Spawning areas were close «16 km) to prespawning holding

areas, with 45% of the tagged fish moving less than 1 km to spawn

and 80% moving 4 km or less (Fig. 25). Spawning occurred earlier

in areas of higher elevation and where water was cooler (e.g.,

American River) than in areas of lower elevation and warmer water

(e.g., Roza Dam tailrace) (Fig. 26).

The spawning areas were determined for 63 and 91% of the

radio-tagged fish in 1991 and 1992, respectively (Fig. 27).

Eight spawning areas (American River, Bumping River, Little

Naches River, Naches River, Rattlesnake Creek, the upper Yakima

River above Ellensburg, Cle Elum River, and Roza Dam tailrace)

were identified by radio telemetry. Radio-tagged spring chinook

salmon utilized spawning grounds in a pattern similar to that

identified during spawning ground surveys of the distribution of

redds conducted by the Yakama Indian Nation during both years

(Hubble et al. 1991, 1992). Only one radio-tagged spring chinook

salmon spawned outside historical spawning locations during this

study (Fast et al. 1991). During 1992, this fish ended its

spawning migration in Crow Creek, a tributary to the Little

Naches River. No spawning was observed in the Tieton or Teanaway

Rivers, downstream from Cowiche Dam on the Naches River, or in

the Yakima River downstream from the Naches River confluence.

47

::c en

50

40

u: 30 II. o ~ LLI U20a: w a.

10

o

.f' BOTH PERCENTILE

o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

DISTANCE TRAVELED TO SPAWN-{km)

16

Figure 25.--Migration distance from pre-spawning holding areas to spawning locations for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1992.

48

923

901 BUMPING RIVER -E-Z LITTLE NACHES 8000

~ >w 664 RATTLESNAKE CREEK ...I W

z 549 NACHES RIVER I1i :::::E

557 YAKIMA RIVER

335 ROZA TAILWATER

8/1 8/15 9/1 9/15 10/1 10/15

Figure 26.--Mean elevation of spawning areas compared to time of spawning by substock for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1992.

49

43% 1991 48%

2% 3% 3%

4%

4%

2% 8%

N = 63 N = 568

199259%

1" 1" 4% 3"

10"

N = 1.673

RADIO-TAGGED FISH

SPAWNING DISTRIBUTION REDO DISTRIBUTION

• ROZA TAILWATER III UPPER YAKIMA 0 CLE ELUM miNACHES

1m RATTLESNAKE IIID BUMPING E3AMERICAN 1m LITTLE NACHES

N =92

Figure 27.--Spawning distribution of spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1991-92, as determined by radio telemetry and Yakama Indian Nation redd survey data.

50

Mortality

Observed mortality of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon was

14 and 10% in 1991 and 1992, respectively (Table 6). The tribal

subsistence fishery on the Yakima River harvested 1 and 2% of the

tagged fish in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Tagging accounted

for 3 and 1% of mortality in 1991 and 1992, respectively. The

remaining 10% mortality observed in 1991 consisted of fish that

died during migration (7%), and fish surviving the prespawning

holding period but whose carcasses were found unspent during

spawning-ground surveys (3%). The remaining 7% mortality

observed in 1992 consisted of fish that died during migration

(3%), fish that died from predation (2%), and fish surviving the

prespawning holding period but whose carcasses were found unspent

during spawning-ground surveys (2%).

Evaluation of Prosser Dam Adult Collection Facility

Daily fish-ladder counts of spring chinook salmon passing

Prosser Dam are indicated in Appendix Tables-E.1 and E.2. Denil

operations at Prosser Dam to collect spring chinook salmon at

Prosser Dam for radio-tagging are indicated in Appendix Table F.1

and F.2. Collection and handling of salmonids at the right-bank

fish ladder of the adult collection facility at Prosser Dam was

difficult; run numbers were low, and most of the run used the

left-bank ladder (Fig. 14). To collect significant numbers of

fish, the trap was operated frequently, resulting in the capture

of large numbers of nontarget species. When fish were collected

in the handling room, it required immediate staff attention to

51

Table 6.--0bserved mortality of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon, 1991-92.

1991 1992

Number tagged 91 102

Tagging mortality 3 1

Migration mortality 6 3

Harvest mortality 1 2

Pre-spawning holding mortality 3 2

Predation mortality 0 2

52

handle fish. If fish accumulated in the crowder area, they

required dipnetting before anesthetization.

Collection of fish in the hopper and transfer to the flume

near the denil for further transfer to the tagging room was

viable only when nontarget species were absent. These handling

procedures confined large numbers of target and nontarget fish in

the hopper and thus may have caused additional stress or injury.

Pass to rejection ratios were 1.0 and 0.7 for "V" and flash

board weirs, respectively. These ratios measured the entrance of

a proposed off-ladder holding pool weir in the right-bank fish

ladder at Prosser Dam, with the "V" weir having slightly less

rejection (Table 7).

From 24 April through 1 May 1992, attraction flows were

turned off in the left-bank fish ladder and reduced in the center

fish ladder under operational criteria for low-flow conditions.

During this time, the majority of attraction water passed through

the right-bank fish ladder. The change in attraction flow did

not affect fish-ladder passage distribution (Fig. 28). The

dominant use of the left-bank fish ladder for passage at Prosser

Dam was probably due more to the orientation of the dam to

tailrace flow than to environmental factors. Because Prosser Dam

is oriented at an angle to the downstream flow, the right-bank

fish ladder is downstream from the left-bank fish ladder (Fig.

29). Fish migrating upstream at Prosser Dam are funneled into a

corner at the left-bank fish-ladder entrance due to the combined

orientation of the dam and a diversion wall below the dam.

53

Table 7.--Passage by adult spring chinook salmon through "V" and flash-board weirs.

weir type Passed Rejected Ratio

"V" 453 451 1.00

Flash-board 639 924 0.69

RIGHT-BANK CENTER RIGHT-BANKCENTER 32% 23% 24%21%

LEFT-BANK 47'"

N =3,029 ATTRACTION FLOW ON

LEFT-BANK 53%

N = 1,120 ATTRACTION FLOW OFF

54

Figure 28.--Fish-ladder selection by spring chinook salmon with and without attraction flow in the left-bank fish ladder at Prosser Dam, 1992.

55

r 1

r 1. Left-Bank Fish Ladder 2. Center Fish Ladder 3. Right-Bank Fish Ladder i Flow Direction

Figure 29.--Yakima River flow pattern at Prosser Dam.

.'

56

DISCUSSION

Eight substocks or spawning populations (American River,

Bumping River,Little Naches River, Naches River, Rattlesnake

Creek, the upper Yakima River above Ellensburg, Cle Elum River,

and Roza Dam tailrace) of spring chinook salmon were observed in

the Yakima River Basin. The fish exhibited three behavioral

phases (migratory period, prespawning holding period, and

spawning period) .

Prosser Dam, Roza Dam, and Cowiche Dam have been selected as

possible broodstock collection sites for spring chinook salmon in

the Yakima River. Although Prosser Dam was selected because it

is downstream from all spawning areas, based on our radio-tagged

spring chinook salmon, separation of substocks there would not be

possible either by size, age, run timing, or ladder selection.

In both 1991 and 1992, the run timing of all substocks occurred

simultaneously below the confluence of the Naches and Yakima

Rivers and throughout the migration period in the Naches River.

If upper Yakima River and Cle Elum River spawners are

genetically similar, broodstock from these populations could be

collected at the exit of the Roza Dam fish ladder. However, this

study could not determine if spawning fish in a given location

were part of the population or strays from other populations.

Nonetheless, straying during migration was observed for only two

fish that eventually spawned in the mainstem Naches River after

spending time below Roza Dam. Some level of straying probably

occurs naturally in wild populations and should be accounted for.

57

in the plan for the Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project (Quinn and

Fresh 1984, Quinn and Nemeth 1991).

Radio-telemetry data from 1991 and 1992 identified problems

with broodstock collection and substock separation at Cowiche

Dam. Seventy-five percent of the radio-tagged fish jumped

Cowiche Dam rather than using the fish ladder, thereby avoiding

the locations of the proposed fish-ladder trapping or monitoring

facilities. The fish-ladder entrance at Cowiche Dam opens into

the spill basin and may account for the low percentage of fish

using the fish ladder. Broodstock collection would be affected

by fish jumping the dam, and operation of a trap in the fish

ladder may delay passage or increase the portion of the run

jumping the dam. In addition, radio-tagged Naches River

substocks were mixed while passing Cowiche Dam. Naches River

Basin substocks were mixed until arrival at prespawning holding

areas.

Separation of substocks based on age or ~ength was not

possible due to the overlap of length and age classes between

most spawning populations.

Migration delays for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at

Yakima River Basin dams were similar or less than passage times

at Columbia and Snake River dams (Bjorn and Perry 1992).

Although fall-back at Roza Dam was not observed for normal

(1991) and below-normal (1992) flows, fall-back may occur under

high flow conditions (during spill) at Roza Dam. Berman and

Quinn (1991) reported that 8 of 19 radio-tagged adult spring

58

chinook salmon collected and tagged at Roza Dam in 1989

subsequently fell back downstream over Roza Dam to spawn.

Passage delay at Roza Dam was two to four times longer for

fish using the gallery. Radio-tagged fish traveled upstream and

downstream through the gallery. After passing through the

gallery, most fish returned to the Roza Dam tailrace before

passing Roza Dam.

Delays to migration at Wapatox Dam were the longest delays

observed for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon, with the

exception of passage delays at Easton Dam. Passage conditions at

Wapatox Dam or its proximity to spawning grounds may have been

responsible for these delays.

Long passage delays at Easton Dam may have been due to

passage conditions or its proximity to spawning grounds. A large

population holds and spawns below Easton Dam, and this may affect

passage times for individuals spawning above the dam.

Migration rates of radio-tagged spring ch~nook salmon

decreased as fish migrated upstream, and long delays in passage

at dams close to spawning areas may be a function of decreased

migration rates. In general, passage times at dams were lower

and migration rates between dams were higher in 1992 during lower

flow conditions. Bjorn and Perry (1992) also found that

migration rates were higher and passage times were lower at dams

on the Snake and Columbia Rivers during lower flow conditions.

After migrating upriver, adult spring chinook salmon settled

into prespawning holding areas near spawning areas. Habitat

59

utilization while holding was limited to areas with nonlethal

water temperatures, turbulence, large substrate material, and

high-quality overhead cover such as woody debris, undercut banks,

or overhanging vegetation. Riffle habitat with either

overhanging vegetation or undercut banks was preferred. The

availability of holding areas did not appear to be limiting.

Spawning occurred near prespawning holding areas from

August through September in the Yakima River Basin. The time of

spawning was tributary-specific, with spawning occurring earlier

in areas of higher elevation than in areas of lower elevation.

Differences in spawning time due to water temperature associated

with elevation for chinook salmon have been described by Miller

and Brannon (1982) and Mullan (1987).

No spawning was observed in the Yakima River below its

confluence with the Naches River in 1991 or 1992. However,

Berman and Quinn (1991) reported that four radio-tagged spring

chinook salmon spawned in this area in 1989.

Most of the mortality observed during the study occurred

with equal frequency during the migration period and during the

prespawning holding period.

Behavior of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Prosser

Dam may have been biased by collecting all fish from the right

bank fish ladder and then subjecting them to a second passage to

evaluate ladder selection and rejection. Only 1 year of reliable

data were analyzed for fish-ladder rejection and subsequent

selection at Prosser Dam, during a low-flow year when passage was

60

faster. In addition, it was not possible to monitor movements

around Prosser Dam tailrace to determine where and how migrating

salmon select a fish ladder for passage or how flows affected

fish-ladder selection. The operation of the denil in the right

bank fish ladder at Prosser Dam had a limited effect on fish

passage.

Most adult spring chinook salmon pass Prosser Dam via the

left-bank fish ladder; changes in attraction flow did not

influence ladder selection. The dominant use of the left-bank

fish ladder for passage at Prosser Dam is probably due to the

orientation of the dam to tailrace flow rather than to

environmental factors.

61

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on results of the 1991-92 radio-telemetry studies, we

developed the following recommendations:

1) Construction of the off-ladder holding pool on the

right-bank at Prosser Dam should proceed only if

significantly more fish use the right-bank fish ladder.

Passage times at Prosser Dam may increase if use of the

right-bank fish ladder is increased by blocking the

left-bank fish ladder. Development of fish-handling

facilities at the left-bank fish ladder would be

preferable to attempts to alter passage behavior at

Prosser Dam.

2) Broodstock collection for upper Yakima River and Cle

Elum River spawning populations appears feasible at Roza

Dam. However, the effects of broodstock collection on

fish passage should be evaluated. Structural

modifications or changes in attraction flows for the

gallery at Roza Dam should be considered to reduce

passage delay associated with use of the gallery.

3) Broodstock collection of Naches River substocks should

be conducted either during the prespawning holding

period or on the spawning grounds. If broodstock

collection is to occur at Cowiche Dam, the fish-ladder

entrance should be moved to the downstream face of the

fish ladder. Also, the height of Cowiche Dam may need

to be raised during migration periods to increase the

62

numbers of fish using the fish ladder.

4) Unspent fish should be counted during spawning ground

surveys to further quantify prespawning mortality of

fish reaching the spawning grounds.

5) When numbers increase from supplementation, prespawning

holding areas may provide an opportunity to assess

interactions of resident and anadromous populations.

6) Radio-telemetry studies should be conducted on adults

from supplementation programs to evaluate straying,

intra-specific competition, mortality rates, and the

overall effects supplementation programs have on wild

populations.

63

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Support for this research came from the region's electrical

rate payers through the Bonneville Power Administration.

The following staff members of the National Marine Fisheries

Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington,

participated directly in the study: Charles Bartlett, Byron

Iverson, Mark Kaminski, Bryan Sheckler, and Brad Peterson. The

following staff of the Yakama Indian Nation, Toppenish,

Washington, assisted with collection, tagging, and tracking fish:

Joe Jay Pinkham, Thomas Morrison, Paul Wahpat and Virgil Lewis.

Jeffrey Fryer, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission,

aged scale samples from radio-tagged spring chinook salmon.

The help and cooperation of personnel from the Bureau of

Reclamation were instrumental to completion of the project.

64

REFERENCES

Bagliniere, J., G. Maisse, and A. Nihourn. 1991. Radiotracking of male adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during the last phase of spawning migration in a spawning stream (Brittany, France). Aquat. Liv. Res. 1991(4) :161167.

Berman, C. H., and T. P. Quinn. 1991. Behavioral thermoregulation and homing by spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Yakima River. J. Fish BioI. 39:301-312.

Bjorn, T. C., and C. A. Perry. 1992. A review of literature related to movements of adult salmon and steelhead past darns and through reservoirs in the lower Snake River. u.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Technical Report 92-1, Portland, Oregon, 125 p. (Available from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843.)

Clune, T., and D. D. Dauble. 1991. The Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project: a strategy for supplementation of anadromous salmonids. Fisheries 16(5) :28-34.

Fast, D., J. Hubble, M. Kohn, and B. Watson. 1991. Yakima River spring chinook enhancement study. Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Contract DE-A179-83BP39461, 345 p. (Available from Bonneville Power Administration, P.O. Box 3621, Portland, OR 97208-3621.)

Hubble, J. D., M. Kohn, W. Sharp, and M. Johnston. 1992. Yakima/Klickitat Natural Production and Enhancement Program. Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon, Contract DE-B179-90BP03322, 88 p. (Available from Bonneville Power Administration, P.O. Box 3621, Portland, OR 97208-3621.)

Hubble, J. D., M. Kohn, W. Sharp, M. Johnston, B. Watson, and J. Rau. 1991. Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project. Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon, Contract DE-A179-90BP03322, 134 p. (Available from Bonneville Power Administration, P.o. Box 3621, Portland, OR 97208-3621.)

Johnson, o. 1964. River mile index, Yakima River and tributaries. Report to Hydrology Subcommittee, Columbia Basin Inter-agency Committee, Portland, Oregon, 40 p.

65

Mellas, E. J., and J. M. Haynes. 1985. Swimming performance and behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and white perch (Marone americana): effects of attaching telemetry transmitters. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42:488-493.

Miller, R. J., and E. L. Brannon. 1982. The origin and development of life history patterns in Pacific salmonids. In E. L. Brannon and E. o. Salo (editors), Proceedings of the Salmon and Trout Migratory Behavior Symposium, p. 296-309. Univ. Washington, Seattle.

Mullan, J. W. 1987. Status and propagation of chinook salmon in the mid-Columbia River through 1985. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servo BioI. Rep. 87(3), 111 p.

Quinn, T. P., and K. Fresh. 1984. Homing and straying in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Cowlitz River Hatchery, Washington. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:10781082.

Quinn, T. P., and R. Nemeth. 1991. Homing and straying patterns of fall chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 120:150-156.

66

APPENDIX TABLES

67

Appendix Table A.1.--Tagging data and last observations of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon, 1991

Serial Tagging Length Weight number date (em) (kg) Sex Age Last observation

1.002 llay 67 3.8 F Rattlesnake Creek spawner

1.003 22 May 76 4.5 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.005 16 May 71 3.8 M Upper Yakima RiVer spawner

1.008 13 May 67 3.4 F 4 Naches River spawner

1.009 30 May 89 7.9 F Naches River spawner

1.012 Jun 72 4.0 M Rattlesnake Creek spawner

1.014 6 Jun 90 7.9 F Bumping River spawner

1.016 6 Jun 88 7.6 F Disappear below Prosser Dam

1.026 a May 71 4.4 F Disappear below Prosser Dam 1.033 21 May 19 8.6 M 5 American River .pawner

1.034 23 May 66 2.8 M 4 Migration mortality

1.037 6 May 87 8.4 F American River spawner

1.040 16 May 95 9.1 F ~erican River spawner

1.041 4 Jun 62 2.6 F Tagging mortality

1.044 Jun 69 3.9 M Disappear below Prosser Dam

1.045 May 74 4.3 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.048 18 Apr 87 6.9 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.049 20 Jun 85 6.8 M Haches RiVer spawner

1.053 15 May 88 7.7 F Naches RiVer spawner

1.066 llay 62 2.7 F Upper Vakima River spawner

1.068 23 May 3.6 F Migration mortality

1.070 16 May 89 7.3 F Naches River spawner

1.072 28 May 73 4.2 F 4 upper Yakima River spawner

1.075 5 Jun 4.1 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.077 Jun 83 0.0 M Disappear below Prosser Dam

1.079 Jun 72 4.8 F Prespawning mortality

1.081 Jun 77 5.4 F Disappear below Prosser Dam

1.083 21 Jun 85 6.6 F prespawning mortality

1.090 May 69 3.3 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.093 15 May 3.6 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.097 May 79 7.7 F Little Nache. River .pawner

1.099 23 llay 69 3.5 F Upper Yakima River spawner

1.100 IS May 71 4.2 F Cle Elum River spawner

1.101 23 May 88 7.7 F Haches River spawner

1.104 16 May 72 4.3 M Haches River spawner


1.107 31 May 93 8.8 F American River spawner

1.111 5 Jun 86 6.6 M Haches River spawner

1.113 6 Jun 6t 3.6 F 4 Hiqration mortality

1.117 7 Jun 66 3.9 F

1.111 21 Jun 79 7.2 F Upper Yakima RiVer spawner

1.125 13 May 67 3.5 M Upper Yakima River s~vner


68

Appendix Table A.l.--Continued.


A134 23 May 71 3.9 F Naches River spawner

All6 23 May 79 5.0 M Naches River spawner

All7 7 May 73 4.5 F 4 Naches River spawner

A139 21 May 17 7.3 F Naches River spawner

Al41 15 May 67 3.6 F Upper Yakima River spawner

Al42 Jun 71 3.9 F Disappear below Prosser DaM

A144 6 Jun 61 3.7 F 4 Naches River spawner

Al45 Jun 19 7.5 F 5 Taqqinq mortality

A150 27 Jun 13 5.0 M Miqration mortality

A158 10 May 64 3.1 M Taq requrqitation

Al60 17 May 11 5.7 F Naches River spawner

A162 29 Apr 72 3.7 F Upper Yakima River spawner

A163 15 May 79 5.4 M Pre.pawning mortality

A165 24 May 69 3.7 M 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

A167 29 May 68 4.1 M 4 Taqqinq mortality

A1U 20 May 72 4.1 M American River spawner

A172 Jun 94 10.0 M Disappear below Prosser Dam

A174 7 May 103 13.0 M American RiVer .pawner

A175 7 Jun 71 5.0 F Upper Yakima River spawner

A176 18 Jun 79 4.5 F Tag regurqltation

AU4 10 May 72 4.5 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

AlI6 7 May 76 5.2 F 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

A190 3 May 10 6.0 F Tribal harvest

AU4 22 May 67 3.4 F 4 Naches River .pawner

Al97 23 May 97 9.3 F Rattlesnake Creek spawner

A199 24 May 91 8.2 F Naches River .pawner

A202 30 May 64 3.1 M 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

A204 31 May 69 3.6 M 4 Miqration mortality

A205 5 Jun 93 8.6 M Disappear below Prosser Dam

A207 ,"Jun 71 4.4 F 4 Dis.ppear below Prosser Dam

A201 May 10 5.7 F Nache. River spawner

A210 11 Jun 71 4.1 M Disappear below Prosser Dam

A215 15 May 68 3.6 F Roza Dam tailrace spawner

A217 13 May 75 4.8 M Nache. River spawner

A220 20 May 61 3.5 F 4 Disappear below Prosser Dam

A224 7 May 71 3.9 F Upper Yakima River spawner

A226 22 May 19 7.5 M American River spawner

A221 23 May 67 3.1 F Roze Dam tailrace spawner

A230 24 May II 6.6 F Little Nache. River .pawner

A233 30 May 70 3.9 F Upper Yakima River spawner

A235 Jun 95 9.8 F Miqration mortality

A236 Jun 61 3.6 F 4 Disappear below Prosser Dam

A237 2 May 65 3.3 F 4 Upper Yakima RiVer spawner

A231 7 Jun 62 2.9 F Disappear below Prosser Da.

69

Appendix Table A.l.--Continued.


A239 13 May 71 4.4 M Upper Yo kima River spawner

A242 16 May 71 4.3 M 4 N.u:hes River spawner

A244 7 May 82 6.1 F 4 Naches River spawner

1.247 20 May " 3.2 M Upper Yakima River spawner

70

Appendix Table A.2.--Tagging data and last observations of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon, 1992.

Serial number

Tagging date

Length (em)

Weight (kg) Sex Age Last observation

C003 4 Apr 11 3.6 F 4 CIa Elum Rtver spawner

coo. 21 Apr 10 5.6 F 4 Cle Elum River spawner

COlO 5 by 66 3.1 F Disappear below Prosser Dam

COll 22 Apr 12 4.1 M 4 Cle Elum River spawner

C014 29 Apr 3.6 M 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C016 1 by II '.4 F 5 AMerican River spawner COl. I by " 3.5 F 4 Upper Yakima River spawner C022 24 Apr 16 5.4 M Cia Elum River spawner

C023 30 Apr 65 2.1 M Rattle.nate Creek spawner

C025 1 by 81 1.0 F Bumping River spawner

C026 11 by 11 5.1 F Upper Yakima River spawner

C027 29 Apr 16 5.4 F 4 Nach.s River spawner

C030 21 Apr 61 3.3 F Sport fishing harvest

COll 12 by 15 6.4 M 5 Upper YakimA River spawner

CD4D 4 by 15 5.0 F 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C042 29 Apr 12 4.3 F Upper Yakima River .pawner

con 17 Apr 12 3.' F Upper Yaki~ River spawner C052 27 Apr 5.3 F 4 CIa Elum River spawner

C057 30 Apr 18 1.1 F Predation mortality

C05. 07 May 1. 5.4 M American River spawner

C060 21 Apr 3.6 M 4 upper Vaktma River spawner

CD&! 22 by 15 4.5 M 4 Mi9ration mortality

C063 15 by 14 5.1 F 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C065 24 Apr 6.' F 5 Nach•• River spawner C066 21 Apr '2 9.3 F 5 American River spawner

C010 23 Apr 61 3.1 M Upper Yakima River spawner

COlO 13 Apr 1. 5.4 F Upper Yakima River spawner

COil

COl5

4 by

2. Apr

67

1. 3.2

5.' F

F 4

Upper Yakima River spawner

Upper Yakima River spawner

CO.. 6 May 12 4.2 F Upper Vaki.. River spawner

C091 I by 16 5.1 M 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C096 12 May 13 4.3 M Nach.s River spAwner

CO,. 12 by 3.' M Naches River spawner CO" 23 Apr 3.8 F Upper Yakima River spawner

ClOD 24 Apr 3.' F 4 Bumping River spawner C103 22 by 11 5.9 F Upper Yakima River spawner

CI05 21 Apr 14 5.4 F upper Yakima River spawner

Clll 30 Apr 16 5.0 F Naches River spawner

C1l4 27 Apr 63 2.9 F 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C1l7 1 by 15 5.0 F American River spawner

Cl20 21 Apr 11 4.1 F 4 Upper Yaki .. River .pawner

C122 4 May 15 S.3 M upper Yakima River .pawner

Cl24 24 Apr 11 5.' M Upper Yakima River spawner

71

Appendix Table A.2.--Continued.


C127 2' Apr 74 5.0 H 4 Upper Yakima River .pawner

C132 1 ~y 79 5.2 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C133 21 Apr 70 4.1 H Naches River spawner

Cll4 21 Apr 67 3.6 H Taqqinq mortality

Cl40 15 !lay 78 5.4 f' Upper Yakima River .pawner

C142 21 Apr 76 5.4 f' upper Yakima River spawner

C151 72 4.5 M Bumping River .pawner

cn, 21 Apr 81 6.4 f' American River spawner Cl62 24 Apr 70 4.2 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C165 24 Apr 68 4.1 H Upper Yakima River spawner

CH6 26 Hay 77 5.0 f' 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C167 12 Hay 70 4.1 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C1n 19 Hay 68 3.6 F Upper Yakima River spawner

C170 14 Apr 77 5.4 H Little Naches River spawner

Cl7l 6 Hay 67 3.4 H Upper Yakima River spawner

Cl72 11 Hay 74 9.5 M American River spawner

C173 30 Apr 76 5.2 M Bumping River spawner

Cl75 27 Apr 72 4.5 F Migration mortality

C218 27 Apr 76 5.0 M American River spawner

C220 11 Hay 60 4.8 f' Naches River spawner

C222 22 Apr 70 4.1 M Rattlesnake Creek spawner

C225 6 Hay 73 4.8 F Upper Yakima River spawner

C227 13 Hay 4.5 f' Nachea River spawner

C22a 30 Apr 68 3.6 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C22' 16 Apr 66 3.6 M Prespawninq mortality

C230 Hay 68 3.6 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C231 27 Apr 62 2.7 f' Rattlesnake Creek spawner



C2H 21 Apr 73 4.8 f' Little Naches River spawner

C240 24 Apr 6B 3.7 f' Upper Yakima River spawner

C241 21 !lay 68 3.6 f' Upper Yakima River spawner


C245 Hay 62 2.6 F Predation mortality

C257 21 Apr 74 4.' F Rattlesnake Creek sp.wner C261 2' Apr 76 5.4 F Roza Dam tailrace ap.wner

C263 21 Apr 72 4.1 f' upper Yakima RiVer spawner

C266 22 Apr 68 4.1 f' 4 Upper Yakima River spawner

C267 !lay 74 4.1 f' Upper Yakima River .pawner

C268 24 Apr 84 6.4 f' Crow Creek spawner

C269 27 Apr 75 4.' f' upper Yakima River spawner

C271 21 Apr 74 4.1 f' 4 American River spawner

C272 18 Hay 71 5.1 f' Upper Yakima River .pawner

C273 30 Apr 73 4.1 f' Upper Yakima River .~wner

72

Appendix Table A.2.--Continued.


C27S Hay 13 4.5 M Miqration mortality


C286 22 Apr 11 5.0 F Upper YakiJu River spawner

CUI 5 Hay 12 4.6 F Upper Yakima River spawner

C219 16 Apr 69 4.1 F Bumping River spawner

C290 13 May 65 3.2 M Prespawninq mortality

C292 29 Apr 16 5.2 M American River spawner

C296 21 May 16 4.8 F Upper Yakima River spawner

C300 May 64 3.1 F Tribal harvest


C304 11 May IS 6.' F Bumping River spawner

C306 May 68 3.3 Taq regurgitation

C309 21 Apr 11 5.4 F Naches River spawner

C311 21 Apr 18 5.4 M Naches River spawner

C314 21 Apr 68 3.6 F upper Yakima River spawner

Appendix Table B.1.--Passage times (days) for and fish-ladder use by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Yakima River Basin irrigation diversion dams, 1991.

Seriol number

PrOller Dam Fish Pas.aq_

ladder time

Sunnyside D~m Fiah Passaqe

laddar time

Wapato Fish

ladder

D~m Pallaqe

tima

Roz. Dam Pa ••age

time

Town Diverlion Dam Pas9aqe

time

cowiche Dall Fiah ' ••S&98

ladder time

Wapatox. Dam

P.i. ••age

time

A002 Left 0.8 center 0.7 Riqht O.S 7.2

...003 2.7 center

Appendix Table B.l.--Continued.

Serial nl1lllber

Prosser Dam Fish Pa ••ag8

lAdder time

Sunnyside Dam Filh ' .. •• ..9ladder time

Wapato Dam Filh Passage

ladder time

Roza Darn Pa.sage

time

Town Diversion Dam Pa"age

time

Cowiche Dall Fish '····9ladder tille

Wapatox Dam ' .. , • .age

time

.0.011

A083 Left 0.2 Left 0.3 Center 6.1 Yea 3.7

A090 Center 1.1 Center 0.1

A093 Riqht 0.2 1.1

A097 Left 0.1 Center


Serbl nUJl\ber

Prosser Dam Fish Passage

lAdder ti..e

Sunnylide D.... Fish P....aqe

l .. dder ti...

wapato Da.. Fish P.......ge

l&dder ti...

Roz.. Dam , •• sage

time

Town Diver.ion Dam Pa••age

time

Cowiche Da.. Fish Pas.ag.

ladder time

Map.tax Dam ,asaage

time

A160 Center 1.0 Center


Serial nWllber

Prolser Dam Filh Pa' ••ge

ladder ti_

Sunnyside D." Fi.h r ••••ge

ladder ti"e

Wapato Fish

ladder

Da" 'u..ge ti".

Roza Dam p.I.age

time

Town Diversion Dam Pa.sage

time

Cowiche Da" Fish , ....g.

ladder ti". Wapatax Dam

Passage time

A228 4.1 4.1 0.1

1.230 Left 8.6 Center

Appendix Table B.2.--Passage times (days) for and fish-ladder use by radio-tagged spring chinook salmon at Yakima River Basin irrigation diversion dams, 1992.

Serial number

PrOller Dam Fish Passage

hdder time

sunnyside Da.. Fish Paslage

hdcler time

Wapato Dam Filh Passage

ladder time

Roza Dall Pa.sage

ti..e

Town Diver.ion Dam Pas.age

time

Coviche D... Fish Pa ••age

ladder tim.

W.patax Dam

Pa.sage

time

C003 Riqht 0.3 Lett

Appendix Table B.2.--Continued

Serial number

Prosser Dam Fish Passage

ladder tille

Sunny.ide Dam. Filh Pallage

ladder time

wapato Dam Filh Passage

ladder time

Roza Dam Pas.age

time

Town Diversion Dam. Pa..age

time

Cowiche Dam Fish passage

ladder time

WapatoK DaJl Passage

tim.

COBO Right 0.3 Left 0.1 Center 2.4 O.S 0.4

COil Left 0.2 Center


Serial number

Praiser Dam Flah Passage

ladder time

Sunnyside Dall. Fish Pa.sage

ladder time

Wapato Dam Flah Passage

ladder time

Roza Dam Pa.sage

time

Town Diver.ion Dam

Passage

time

Cowiche Dam Fiah pa"&g8

ladder time

Wapatax Dam 'a••age

tim.

C166 Right 4.4 Center


Serial nWllber

Pro••er Dam Fish Passage

ladder time

Sunnydde Dam Filh Pa.laqe

ladder time

wapato Dam Fish r····98ladder ti...

Roza Dam ra••aqe

ti...

Town Diversion Dam PJ.Jlaqe

time

Cowiche Dam Fhh Pa••aq.

laddar tim.

Wapatox Dam Pa ••aqe

time

C261 Lett 0.9 Center

81

Appendix Table C.1.--Migration times (days) between dams for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1991.

Sari,.l Proaser Dam

to Sunnyside Dam

to ""pato D....

to -Roza Dam

to ".pato Dam

to Cowiche Dam

to number Sunnyside Dam Wapato Dam Roza Daa Town Diveraion Dam Cowiche Dam Nap.tox Cam

M02 5.6 0.2

A003 1.7 0.4 2.2 2.5

A005 4.0 0.2

AOOI 4.5 0.1 3.0 5.0

A009 3.2 0.1 3.0 13.9

M12 4.1 0.5 2.6 6.3

.0.014 3.7

AD16

AD26

AD33 4.2

A034

AD37 6.1

AD40 0.2 I.B 6.2

M41

A044

M45 3.4

M48 B.B

A049 3.9 0.4 1.6

M53 6.2

AD 66 5.0

AD68 5.4 0.2

A010 2.1 8.0

AD 12 5.5 0.2 2.9

AD15 3.0 0.1 1.5 4.6

AD 11

AD19 3.3

Mil

M83 5.1 0.2 16.2

AD90 0.1

A093

A097 3.3 0.4 1.1 6.6

A099 4.1 3.1

AlOO 4.9

AI01 9.1

A104 1.1 7.0

AI06 4.1 0.2 4.8

AI07 2.7 0.2 2.4 4.0

A111 1.7 0.4

A1l3 1.0

A1l7 0.3 0.7

82

Appendix Table C.l.--Continued.

Serial number

Pro.ser Dam to

sunnyside Dam

Sunnyside Dam to

Ifapato Dam

wapato Dam to

Roza Dam

Roz.. D,l.nl to

Town Diversion Dam

wapato Dam to

Cowiche D.J.m

Cowiche Dam to

Wa~tox Dam

Alli 0.1 0.3 2.4 4.2

A125

A131 5.4 6.2

A134 3.3 0.4 1.3 4.9

A136 4.4

A131 5.S :.1

A139 2.S 0.6 3.2 8.6

AU1 3.1

A142 1.9 0.1 8.9

A144 0.9 8.3 10.3

A14S

AlSO 0.9

A151

A160 3.0 2.5

A162 6.8

AU3 0.7 2.9 5.0

Al65 4.6 0.3 2.2

AU1

Al69 0.1

Al72

A114 4.6

A115 3.2

A176 3.S

A184 0.2

AlI6 6.4 10.6

A19D

A194 7.3

Al'7 1.4 3.2

Al99 8.1

AlD2 3.2 1.0

AlD4

AlOS

AlD7

AlDI 8.1

A210

Al15

Al17 0.3 4.7

A220

Al24 5.7

Al26 4.6

Al2'

83

Appendix Table C.l.--Continued.

Serial Pro••er Dam

to Sunnydde Da,.

to wapato Dam

to Roza Da.

to lIapato Dam

to Cowiche Dam

to number Sunnylide Dam IIapato Da,. Roza Dall. Town Diver.ion Do,. Cowiche Da,. Napatox Dam.

A230 2.6 4.2

A233 3.0 4.2

A235

A236

A237 7.3

A238

A23'

A242 1.3 0.7

A244

A247 4.2 4.3

84

Appendix Table C.2.--Migration times (days) between dams for radio-tagged spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1992.

SeriAl Pra••er Dam

to Sunnyside DAm

to lIapato Dam

to Roza Da.

to Wapato Dam

to Cowiche Dam

to number Sunnyoida Dam IIApAto Dam Roza Dam. Town Diversion Dam Co..iche dam IIApAto" DAm

C003 5.4 0.3 2.3

CODa 4.3 0.1 1.5 5.3

COlO

COll 3.2 0.4 1.9 5.5

COlt 2.3 0.1 1.4 S.2

C016 3.' 0.1 1.7 4.1

COli 2.4

85

Appendix Table C.2.--Continued.

Serial Pro•••r

to Dam Sunnyside Oolm

to trapato Dol.

to Roa. Dol.

to Wapato D,l.JD

to Cowiche

to Da..

nWftber sunnydde Da.. Wapato D

86

Appendix Table C.2.--Continued.

Serial number

Pros.er Dam to

Sunnydde Dam

Sunnydde Dam

to

lIapato Da..

Wapato DaJI

to

Roz.. D....

Roza Daa to

Town Diveraion DaJI

lIap"to Da.. to

Cowiche da..

Cowiche Dam

to

"apatox Da..

C272 2.4 0.1 1.6 2.1

C273 4.4 0.1 2.3 S.2

C27S 2.' 0.1

C212 5.1 1.1

C216 3.9 22.7

C218 2.2 0.4 1.9 3.1

C289 6.9 3.6

C290 4.9 0.2 5.1 2.2

C292 3.7 0.2 2.0 5.7

C296 2.4 0.2 1.2 1.5

C300

C303 3.1 0.1 12.2

C304 2.5 0.1 1.3 3.1

C306

C309 5.9 0.1 0.5 9.4

C311 5.3 0.3 1.1 7.4

C314 1.6 0.7

Appendix Table D.--Prespawning and spawning behavior, and habitat utilization, of radio-tagged spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River Basin, 1992.

Serial number

Days migrating"

Holding dates

Prespawninq behavior

Holding coverl'

Holding habitat

Holding River name

location RKm

Spawning location River name RKm

Spawning dates

C003 34 6/1-10/2 Stationary dep/turb Rapid. Cle E1WII River 8.0 Cle E1um River 1.0 1/11-10/2

COOl 40 6/1-1/11 Stationary ub Riffle Cle E1WII River 11.0 Cle Elum River 12.9 1111-9/8

C011 100 6/27-10/3 Stationary ov Riffle Cle E1WII River 9.7 Cle Elum River 9.7

CO 14 51 6119-1/25 Stationary ov/ub Riffle Yakima River 289.7 Yakima River 289.7 8/25-9125

C016 32 612-1/19 Stationary _/ub Pool AmeriCAn River 9.7 American River 9.7 8/4-8/19

COli 53 6130-9117 Stationary ub Riffle Yakima River 288 .1 Yakima River 281.1

C022 40 6/3-9/1 Stationary ov Riffle Cle E1WII River 6.4 Cle Elum River 1.0 9/8-10/2

C023 34 613-1127 Stationary ov/ub/wm Glide Nache. River 46.7 J Rattlelnake Creek 1.6 8/27-9/17 C025 41 6110-9/1 Stationary dep Glide BWllping River 2.7 Bumping River 2.7 1/25-9/9

C026 59 7/16-115 Stationary Yakima River 297.7 Yakillla River 307.4 9/23

C027 16 7124-9/15 Stationary ub Glide Nache. River 56.3 Nachel River 69.2 1/25-9/15

C031 14 5/26-9/25 Stationary ov Riffle Yakima River 294.4 Yakima River 294.4 8/25-9/25

COCO 22 5/26-9117 Stationary ov/ub Riffle Yakima River 286.4 Yakima River 291.3 9/25

C042 41 6/9-9/21 Stationary dep Pool Yakima River 323.5 Yakima River 323.5 9/21

cou 2t 5/26-9/3 Stationary Riffle Yakima River 294.5 Yakima River 311.6 913-9/29

CO 52 37 6/3-9/17 Stationary turb/dep/sub Pool Cle Elum River 12.9 Cle Elum River 12.9

C051 22 5/29-1/11 stationary sub/turb Rapids American River 8.0 American River 10.1 8/11-8/22

C060 u 6/15-911 S Stationary dep Pool Yakima River 321.9 Yakima River 323.5 9/15-10/02

C063 19 6/3-10/1 Stationary I.

ovlub Riffle Yakima River 289.7 Yakima River 180.0 9125

C06S 35 5/29-9117 Stationary ub Glide Haches River S4. 7 Hache. River 54.7

C066 36 612-8/5 Stationary ubI_ Glide American River 12.9 American River 14.5 815-8/11

C070 61 6/23-9/29 Stationary wm Riffle Yakima River 317.0 Yakima River 317.0

COlO 35 5/11-9115 Stationary Vlfl/ov/dep/ub Riffle Yakima River 315.4 Yakima River 323.5 9/21

Call 14 5/18-9/11 Stationary wm/dep Riffle Yakima River 297.7 Yakimo River 305.8 9/16-9122

COIS 20 5/18-9116 Stationary ub/ov Glide Yakima River 297.7 Yakima River 313.8 9/16

call 79 7/24-9/3 Stationary ub/ov Riffle Yakima River 288.1 Yakima River 304.2 9/17-9/22

C091 26 613-1/14 Stationary turb/ub Rapid. Cle Elum River 1.6 Yakima River 299.3 8/27-9/17

00 --..J

Appendix Table D.--Continued.

Serial number

Days migrating"

Holding dates

Prespawning behavior

Holding cover"

Holding habitat

Holding River name

location RKm

Spawning River name

location RKm

Spawning dates

Cot6 Gradual migration Naches River 3'.6 9/14

C091 20 6/1-819 Stationary Rattlelnake Creek 3.2

CO" 47 6/9-9/17 Stationary dep/turb Riffle Yakima River 320.3 Yakima River 320.2

Cl00 35 5/29-1/14 Stationary ov/ub Glide Bumping River 3.2 Bumping River 19.3 1126-10/15

Cl03 11 6/9-9/3 Stationary dep/turb Rapids Yakima River 297.1 Yakima River 304.2 9/22-9/23

Cl05 43 6/3-9/28 stationary ubI.... Riffle Yakima River 254.3

Clll 34 6/3-9/14 Stationary dep Pool Nache. River 40.2 Naches River 39.4 9/14

C1l4 37 6/3-9/27 Stationary ub/"",/ov Riffle Yakima River 289.7 Yaki,.. River 219.1 9/17

C1l1 22 5/29-8/26 Stationary "'" Pool American River 8.7 American River 9.0 8/19 Cl20 20 5/18-9/3 Stationary Glide Yakima River 297.7 Yakima River 304.2 9/21

C122 22 5/26-1019 Stationary Yakima River 272.0 Yakima River 212.0

C124 24 5/18-9/25 Stationary ub Riffle Yakima River 214.8 Ya kima River 284.1

C121 35 6/3-9/17 Stationary "'" Riffle Cle Elum River 3.2 Cle Elum River 3.2 9/17 00 C132 25 5/26-9/21 Stationary ub/wm Pool Yakima River 315.4 Yakima River 315.4 9/21

00

C133 27 5/18-10/6 Stationary Riffle Hache. River 27.4

CHO 25 6/9-9116 Stationary ov/ub/lub Pool Yakima River 312.2 Yakima River 312.2 9/16

C142 23 5/14-9/10 Stationary lub/dep Pool Yakima River 325.1 Yakima River 323.5 9/15

ClSl 51 6/24-9/3 Stationary lub/turb/ov Riffle Bumping River 3.2 Bumping River 3.2 1/25-9/1

q59 31 5/29-8/19 Stationary WlII/ub alide American River 12.1 American River 12.9 ./19

C1U 24 5/18-9/25 stationary ub/..m.lov Riffle Yakima River 286.4 Yakima Ri ver 286.4 9/25

C165 31 5/25-9/21 Stationary WlII/ov Riffle Yakima River 324.3 Yakima River 325.1 9/21

C1U 59 1/24-9/17 Stationary Yakima River 254.3

C167 16 5/26-9/23 Stationary ub Riftle Yakima River 297.7 Yakima River 299.3 9/23

Cln 58 7/16-9/25 stationary ub/..../ov Riffle Yakima River 288.1 Yakima River 294.5 9/25

cno 34 5/18-8/4 Stationary turb/sub Riffle Hache. River 61.2 Little Nachel River 6.4 9/10

cnl 55 6/30-9/3 Stationary turb/ov Riffle Yakima River 305.8 Yakima River 313.' 9/3-9/30

C172 Gradual migration American River 4.' 9/1

C113 Gradual migration Bumping River 16.0 9/9-9/17


Holdinghabitat

Holding location River name RKm

Spawning location River name RKm

Spawning Dates

Glide American River 11. 3 ......ric.n River 11.3 1/4-1/11

Hache. River 54.7 1/24-9/17

Rapids Rattlesnake Creek 2.9 Rattle.nake Cre.k 3.2 8/27-9/17

Rapids Cle ElWII River 6.4 Yakima River 300.9 9/3

Pool Nache. River 53.1 Hach•• River 54.2 9/29

Riffl. Yakima River 229.3 Yakima River 229.3 9/17

Little Nache. River 9.6 9/1

Rapids Yakima River 289.7 Y.kima River 229.3 1/27-9/3

Riffle NAche. River 48.3 Rattlesnake Creek 0.1 9/17

R!!fle Yakima River 296.1 Yakima River 309.1 9/16

Y.kima River 305.1 1/25-9/10

Riffle Little Naches River 3.2 Little Nlch.. River 3.2 9/25-9/1

R!!fle Yakima River 297.7 Yakima River 323.5 9/17-9/21

Yakima River 297.7 Yakima River 297.7 9/17

Y.kima River 321. 9 Yakima River 321.9 9/21

Riffle Yakima River 305 ••

Pool Rattle.nake creek 4.8 R.ttle.nate Creek 4.1 9/11

Y.kim. River 202. I

Pool Yakim. River 317.0 Y.kima River 323.5 9/14-9117

Pool YAkima River 317.0 Y.kima River 312.2 9/16

Yllkim.a River 320.7 Yakima River 323.5 9/15

Crow Creek 1.6

Pool Y.kima River 325.1

R!!fle American River 11. 3 American River 11.3 1/4-8/21

Riffle Yakima River 318.6 Yi.klm& River 315.4 9/10-9/27

R!!fle Y,lkima River 289.6 Yakima River 219.7 9/25

R!!fle Y.kim. River 289.6 Y.kima River 219.6 8/11-9/25

V"kim. River 265.5 Yakima River 213.2

Serial number

C211

C220

C222

C22)

C227

C221

C229

C230

C231

C237

C231

C239

CHO

C241

CH2

CH)

C257

C261

C263

C266

C267

CUI

C269

C211

C272

C273

C212

C216

Days migratin~

32

34

21

21

34

45

32

25

31

18

40

27

90

31

10

41

54

22

36

31

16

19

35

42

Holding dates

5/29-8/19

5/26-9/23

6/3-1/21

6/10-9/29

6/3-9/17

6/19-1/26

5/29-9/3

5/26-8/26

5/29-913

5/13-8/26

6/30-9/10

5/26-9/21

7/30-8/27

5/29-1/27

5/9-912

6/9-1/20

6/15-9/16

5/26-9/10

6/2-8116

5/29-8/14

6/3-9129

5/18-9125

6/3-9/25

6/3-7131


Stationary

Gradual miqration

Stationary

Stationary

Stationary

Stationary

Gradual miqration

Stationary

stationary

Stationary

Gradual miqration

Holding cover·

ub/ov

.ub

turb/sub

turb/ub/ov

.ub

turb/sub

turb

Stationary

Stationary

St.tionary

St.tionary

Stationary

Stationary

St.tionary

Stationary

St.tionary

St.tionary

Gradual miqration

st.tionary

Stationary

Stationary

Stationary

St.tionary

St.tionary

ov/ub/turb/.ub

vm/ov

ov

ub

vm/ov

"wm/ov

dep

ov

ub/ov

oV/ub/WIII

co 1.0

http:ov/ub/turb/.ub


Serial number

Days migratinga

Holding dates


Holding cover-

Holding habitat

Holding location River name RKm

Spawning River name

location RKm

Spawning Dates

CUI

C2U

cno

C292

cn6

C30l

ClO4

ClO9

C311

C314

29

55

21

42

19

24

2l

37

21

6/3-9/11

6/10-'/26

6/3-1/14

6/10-1/4

6/9-9/11

5/11-9/11

6/l-9/9

6/l-9/21

5/26-"21

StAtionary

Stationary

StAtionary

StAtionArY

StationArY

Stationary

StAtionary

stationuy

Gradual miqration

StAtionArY

ov/turb

ub/ov

ov/turb/.ub

ov

Riffle

Rapid'

Riffle

Ritfle

Glide

Ritfle

YakimA River

American River

YAkimA River

Anlerican River

YaJdma River

YAkima River

8umpinq River

Nache. River

YakimA River

286.4

0.1

286.4

3.2

288.1

268.8

l.2

48.3

l23.5

YaltiJU River

American River

AmeriCAn River

8umpinq River

Nache. River

Hache. River

YAkimA River

294.5

0.'

4.'

6.4

4I.l

69.2

32l.5

9/11

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - The … · 2015. 5. 4. · tributaries to the...

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Transcript of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - The … · 2015. 5. 4. · tributaries to the...