NATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLEN

SLOVAKIA

Gender mainstreaming strategy Gender mainstreaming strategy for employment in mountain rural for employment in mountain rural

areas in Slovakiaareas in Slovakia

IngIng. Viera Petrášová. Viera Petrášová, CSc., CSc.

Area: 49 036 kmArea: 49 036 km22

PopulationPopulation: : 55 3367 800 inhabitants67 800 inhabitants

Density of population: Density of population: 109 inhabitants/km109 inhabitants/km22

Bratislava (460 000)-Bratislava (460 000)-capital citycapital city

8 regions: Bratislava, 8 regions: Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra,TrenčTrnava, Nitra,Trenčíín, n, Žilina, BanskŽilina, Banskáá Bystrica, PreBystrica, Preššov, ov, KoKoššiceice

Data of our projectData of our project• Project beginning January 2005Project beginning January 2005• Project end December 2007Project end December 2007

Project budget Project budget

173 000 €173 000 €

Project partners:Project partners: Office for LaboOffice for Labouur, Social Affairs and r, Social Affairs and

Family ZvolenFamily Zvolen Office for Labour, Social Affairs and Office for Labour, Social Affairs and

Family Banská ŠtiavnicaFamily Banská Štiavnica

Idea of benefits of our project:Idea of benefits of our project: Increase the level of transparency and Increase the level of transparency and

support for creating competitive support for creating competitive entrepreneurial environmententrepreneurial environment

At local level there are women with At local level there are women with higher educationhigher education

Effects of the tools of active police of Effects of the tools of active police of labour marketlabour market

Definition of problems in rural Definition of problems in rural mountains area:mountains area:

Moving of young people for work Moving of young people for work abroadabroad

Traditional gender segregation at Traditional gender segregation at labour marketlabour market

Mostly people with elementary Mostly people with elementary education stay to live and work in education stay to live and work in villagesvillages

Regional disparityRegional disparity

What opportunities we have:What opportunities we have: Reducing taxes and transfer paymentsReducing taxes and transfer payments Elimination of legislative and Elimination of legislative and

administrative barriersadministrative barriers Development of the system of regional Development of the system of regional

support to enterprising, consultancy, support to enterprising, consultancy, marketing, informationmarketing, information

Risks:Risks: Structural changes of labour marketStructural changes of labour market Budgetary restrictions of the Budgetary restrictions of the

governmentgovernment Absence of regional policyAbsence of regional policy Discordance between employment Discordance between employment

policy and labour market policypolicy and labour market policy

Main objective of the project:Main objective of the project:Elaborate gender mainstreaming Elaborate gender mainstreaming strategy for the employers in agrarian strategy for the employers in agrarian enterprises in mountain rural areas of enterprises in mountain rural areas of SlovakiaSlovakia

Specific objectivesSpecific objectives:: Increase gender sensitization during policy Increase gender sensitization during policy

drafting by the actors of agrarian policydrafting by the actors of agrarian policy Strengthen gender strategy in patriarchal Strengthen gender strategy in patriarchal

enterprises in agrarian sector that are enterprises in agrarian sector that are characteristic forcharacteristic for structure imbalance of structure imbalance of genders in the processes of management genders in the processes of management and decision-makingand decision-making

Influence employers in agrarian sector Influence employers in agrarian sector through dissemination and exchange of through dissemination and exchange of knowledge on the role of gender strategy in knowledge on the role of gender strategy in rural areas in other countriesrural areas in other countries

Target groupsTarget groups Women employers and men employersWomen employers and men employers Women employees and men employeesWomen employees and men employees Women entrepreneurs and men Women entrepreneurs and men

entrepreneursentrepreneurs

Activities of the project:Activities of the project:

1.1. Database creationDatabase creation

2.2. Elaboration of gender Elaboration of gender mainstreaming strategymainstreaming strategy

3.3. Dissemination of knowledgeDissemination of knowledge

4.4. Transnational cooperation and Transnational cooperation and exchange of experienceexchange of experience

Database creation:Database creation: Creation of database for respective Creation of database for respective

areas of equal opportunities for areas of equal opportunities for women and men in agrarian women and men in agrarian enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia will be done on the basis of will be done on the basis of following:following:

development of tools for the audit of development of tools for the audit of enterprise/employers´s policy of enterprise/employers´s policy of equal opportunities for women and equal opportunities for women and menmen

Database creation:Database creation: analyze regularly current practices in analyze regularly current practices in

investigated enterprises from gender investigated enterprises from gender aspectaspect

obtaining gender-differentiated data on obtaining gender-differentiated data on equality of women and men in labour equality of women and men in labour market under the conditions of rural market under the conditions of rural areas of Slovakiaareas of Slovakia

2.2. Elaboration of gender mainstreaming Elaboration of gender mainstreaming

strategy will be done:strategy will be done: on the basis of gradual processing of data on the basis of gradual processing of data

from the database being created, from the database being created, through preparing synthetic data from through preparing synthetic data from

the first activity, and the first activity, and exchange of experienceexchange of experience

Elaboration of gender mainstreaming Elaboration of gender mainstreaming strategystrategyImportant areas for working out gender Important areas for working out gender mainstreaming strategy:mainstreaming strategy:

Access to and participation in labour market on Access to and participation in labour market on all levels;all levels;

Education and training, first of all, what Education and training, first of all, what concerns knowledge and qualification for concerns knowledge and qualification for respective profession;respective profession;

Establishment and development of enterprises;Establishment and development of enterprises; Harmonization of working life and family life;Harmonization of working life and family life; Balanced participation in decision making Balanced participation in decision making

3.3. Dissemination of knowledge will be Dissemination of knowledge will be performed trough:performed trough: publishing professional articles in publishing professional articles in

national and international scientific national and international scientific and technical journalsand technical journals

publishing papers of the project's publishing papers of the project's participants in technical and popular participants in technical and popular journalsjournals

organizing 2 national workshopsorganizing 2 national workshops

4.4. Transnational cooperation and Transnational cooperation and exchange of experienceexchange of experience

Exchange of experience and knowledge Exchange of experience and knowledge on solving the mentioned issues on on solving the mentioned issues on transnational leveltransnational level

Obtaining information on innovative Obtaining information on innovative methods of solution of the mentioned methods of solution of the mentioned issuesissues

Indicator Measure unit

1990 2000 2004 2005

Gross domestic product

Bill. SKKBill. €

278,5-

1 19629,97

1 32533,21

1 44043,6

Of that forestry Bill. SKK%

2,70,97

5,60,47

7,10,54

8,40,58

Employees Ths. persons 2 459 2 164 2 170 2 216

Of that forestry Ths. persons%

361,47

180,83

140,65

130,62

Average monthly salary

SKK€

3 278-

14 365360,0

15 825396,6

17 274494

Of that forestry SKK€%

3 419-

104,3

12 712318,6

88,5

14 309358,6

90,4

15 54344488,7

These are primary data of economy in Slovakia

2005

This is scan of land and surface in Slovakia

Prepared by: RIAFE

598

102

966

5

farming cooperatives organisations co-fundet from state budgetfarming companies state-owner enterprises

Staff rations in agricultural organisations in 2005

Development of agrarian unemployment in Slovakia Development of agrarian unemployment in Slovakia

Source: www.nup.skSource: www.nup.skPrepared by: RIAFEPrepared by: RIAFE

Indicator unit 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005

Agriculture (as of 31 December) of which unemployeed

Number of persons 44 248 41 140 38 444 39 483 28 600

Share in the total number of registered unemployed identified by sector % 13,2 11,1 11 12,2 6,7

Another 10 000 are in business subjects offered services

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005

Development business subjects in agriculture

The area of cultivated land – almost 80%The area of cultivated land – almost 80% 20% of population live in such areas20% of population live in such areas

7% work in agriculture or forestry7% work in agriculture or forestry Important local differencesImportant local differences

Situation of agriculture:Situation of agriculture:

We can state that:We can state that: The area of unused agriculture land The area of unused agriculture land

has been falling in favour of forest has been falling in favour of forest landland

The number of people move from The number of people move from urban areasurban areas

Situation of the Slovak Republic:Situation of the Slovak Republic: Rural areas – 59,5% of the territoryRural areas – 59,5% of the territory Agricultural land – 62,8% rural areasAgricultural land – 62,8% rural areas Forest land – 55,9 rural areasForest land – 55,9 rural areas Agricultural lands cover almost 40% Agricultural lands cover almost 40%

of the area of Slovakiaof the area of Slovakia By OECD indicators – 79% territory By OECD indicators – 79% territory

with rural character with rural character

Current situation in rural areas of Current situation in rural areas of SlovakiaSlovakia

Transformation of national economyTransformation of national economyConstruction of big industrial centres, Construction of big industrial centres,

farmer´s cooperatives without strong farmer´s cooperatives without strong diversification of activitiesdiversification of activities

10% of total proportion of unemployeed 10% of total proportion of unemployeed population had work in agrarian sectorpopulation had work in agrarian sector

The reasons are following:The reasons are following:Low mobility of rural population due to Low mobility of rural population due to

growing agegrowing ageLow qualification levelLow qualification levelLow adaptability of entrepreneurial Low adaptability of entrepreneurial

activities in rural areasactivities in rural areasRegional differencesRegional differences

Other reasonsOther reasons- lack of industrial infrastructurelack of industrial infrastructure

High unemployment rate and low High unemployment rate and low incomes – do not enable daily mobility incomes – do not enable daily mobility after workafter work

- small enterprises in rural areas of - small enterprises in rural areas of Slovakia – without partnershipSlovakia – without partnership

The drop of the number of employees The drop of the number of employees in forestry is proportional to the drop in forestry is proportional to the drop in performance in silvicilture and in performance in silvicilture and forest protectionforest protection

100 000 licence holders in logging who 100 000 licence holders in logging who work in forestwork in forest

More than 7 000 enterprisesMore than 7 000 enterprises

Our proposals are:Our proposals are:

Quality Legislative social measuresQuality Legislative social measures

Development tourismDevelopment tourism

Utilization of projectsUtilization of projects

3,61,5

12,2

4,65,8

2,2

23,5

10,0

13,4

6,0

14,9

6,3

13,0

5,2

13,6

5,8

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0%

of

pers

ons

Regions

Share of persons working on farms by regions

In total of which women

Total numberTotal number of the persons working of the persons working inin the farms: the farms:252 031 persons;252 031 persons;

Of which women: 104 701 (41,5 %)Of which women: 104 701 (41,5 %)

5,5

2,0

17,2

4,8

9,6

2,9

22,8

6,7

9,0

2,9

13,3

4,2

13,2

3,8

9,5

2,7

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

% (

of

leg

al

per

son

s)

Regions

Share of permanent employees on the farms of legal persons by regions

Together of which women

Total number of permanent employees on the farms of legal personTotal number of permanent employees on the farms of legal personss::72 65072 650 persons; persons;

Of which women: Of which women: 21 70821 708 ( (29,929,9 %) %)

319

63

1122

204333

55

1767

351497

73

1052

162

587

89

873

196

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Nu

mb

er

Bratis

lava

Trnav

a

Nitra

B. Bys

trica

Regions

Number of employees of labour force on the farms by regions

Togheter of which women

Total number of Total number of empoyeesempoyees of labour force on the farms : of labour force on the farms :6 5506 550 persons; persons;

Of which women: Of which women: 1 1931 193 ( (18,218,2 %) %)

20

8

35

1725

13

145

71

114

48

2935

14

56

14

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Nu

mb

er

Regions

Number of heads of farms by regions (registred natural persons)

Together of which women

Total number Total number of heads of farms of heads of farms ::375375 persons; persons;

Of which women: Of which women: 170170 ( (45,345,3 %) %)

Thank you very much Thank you very much for your attentionfor your attention..