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National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
National Disaster System & Laws in
Pakistan
By
Nadeem Ahmed Abro
NDMA, 12th Oct’ 2011
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 2
My Country• History• Administrative Division• 170 Million people• Religion • 97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3%
• Parliamentary Democracy• Economy• US$1200 Per capita Income
• GDP Size is approximately over US$165 Billion
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN PAKISTAN
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 4
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Diverse topographical
features
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 5
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with
rainfall as little as less than 1˝ to over 150˝ a year
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 6
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Uneven population density
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 7
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Unplanned development in hazard prone areas
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 8
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Poverty feeds into vulnerability
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 9
Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Pressure on national resources
10
Hazards and Disaster
11
Hazards in Pakistan
Natural
Droughts
Earthquakes
Floods
Tsunami
Avalanches
Landslides
Cyclones/Storms
Glacial Lake Outbursts
Human Induced
Transport Accidents
Oil Spills
Urban Fires
Internal Displacements
Industrial Accidents
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 12
GENESIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN PAKISTAN
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Genesis of System
13
Calamity Act 1958 existed in Pakistan which was mainly
concerned with reactive emergency response
Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
Relief Commissioner
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
World Conference on Disaster Reduction (18 - 22 Jan 05,
Japan) adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015
HFA recognized “Disaster Risk Management” as an
important element for achieving internationally agreed goals
Pakistan, along with 168 other nations, is a signatory to the
HFA
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 14
EQ 2005 - Incapacities of existing system came to fore
Reactive approach - Relief oriented
Lack of coordination and centralized control
Law not all encompassing
National Disaster Management Ordinance, promulgated
in Dec 2006, which was later on passed by the
Parliament as National Disaster Management Act-2010.
The NDMA is in the process of formulating the Disaster
Management Rules under the NDM Act, 2010.
Genesis of System
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 15
Institutionalize Structure
NDRF
NDMC
DDMAs
NDMA(NEOC)
PDMCs
Stake Holders
PDMAs(PEOC)
NIDM
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 16
Stake Holders
Armed Forces
PHF
Media
NHN Provinces
IFIs
Federal Ministers
UN / IOsDonors
NDMA
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
New System - Features
17
Paradigm shift (reactive to proactive approach)
One window operation
Centralized planning and decentralized execution
Disaster management - devolved subject
Directly responsible to political leadership
Ownership
Dedicated resources
Powerful law
Deals all four spectrums of disaster management
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 18
ReconstructionResponse
Recovery & Rehabilitation
Mitigation & Preparedness
DMSpectrum
Disaster Management Spectrum
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 19
Functions and Responsibilities
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
To act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for disaster management
(Article 9 of NDM Act 2010)20
NDMA’s Mandate
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
NDMA’s Mandate - Disaster Management
Managing the complete disaster
spectrum, including Preparedness;
Response; Recovery and
Rehabilitation; and Reconstruction
(Article 2.c of NDM Act 2010)
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Functions - NDMA
22
Act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring
body for disaster management
Implement, coordinate and monitor the implementation
of the National policy
Lay down guidelines for preparing disaster management
plans by different Ministries or Departments and the
Provincial Authorities
Provide necessary technical assistance to Provinces for
preparing their disaster management plans
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Functions - NDMA
23
Coordination with the United Nations agencies,
international organizations and governments of foreign
countries
Establish institutions for research, training, and
developmental programmes in the field of disaster
management
Extend such support to other countries affected by major
disaster as it may deem appropriate
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 24
Organization Structure
Chairman
MemberDisaster Risk Reduction
MemberSupport & Services
MemberOperations
Coordination and Information Management
IT
Finance
Admin & Procurement
Response
Recovery & Re-habitation
National Operation Center
Logistic
Disaster Risk Reduction-1
Disaster Risk Reduction-2
Project Units
Sectoral Specialists
Strategic Plan Unit
Staff Officer
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 25
DM Organization Structure
Line Ministries/ Division
UN/ Donors Humanitarian
Media
Implementation Partners
Local Representatives
Line Deptts
PDMA/ FDMASDMA/GBDMA
ICT DMC
DDMA
NDMA(NEOC)
NDMC
Div (DDMC)
Corps (CDMC)
JSHQ
GHQ
NHQ
AHQ
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 26
Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010
which provide for following institutional arrangements
Disaster Management Commissions at National (NDMC)
and Provincial/regional levels (PDMC)
Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMA),
Provincial/regional (PDMA) and District (DDMA) level
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF)
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
Institutional Arrangements
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 27
National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDMRF)
Developed through an extensive consultative
process involving all stakeholders and approved by
NDMC on 5 March, 2007
Framework identified following NINE PRIORITY areas
for national capacity development
Institution and legal arrangements for DRM
Hazard and vulnerability assessment
Training, education and awareness
Disaster risk management planning
Institutional Arrangements
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 28
Community and local level programming
Multi hazard early warning system
Mainstreaming DRR into development
Emergency response system
Capacity development for post disaster recovery
Institutional Arrangements
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 29
Why DRR Important for Pakistan
Since then:•2 Cyclones•2 Floods•2 Earthquakes•2 Land Slides•1 Complex Emergency
Pakistan a disaster prone country – compounded by frequency and nature of disaster
Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital Unsustainable Development – Pakistan a developing
country with emphasis on infrastructure development Difficult to achieve Poverty Reduction Goals
5 Y
ears
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1 1
2
3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2
4
1
4
2
1
2
3
1
4 4
5 5
3 3 3
6
5 5 5
8
10
7
4
11
10
2
4
6
8
10
12
Count
Year
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006, Brussels, May 2007
30
Why DRR Important for Pakistan
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Types of Disasters in Pakistan
21 22
50
12
110
15
1 4
0102030405060
Win
d St
orm
Earth
quak
e
Floo
d
Land
Slid
es
Fam
ine
Epid
emic
Extre
me
Tem
pera
ture
Inse
ctIn
fest
atio
n
Dro
ught
Freq
uenc
y
1956 -2006
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters StatisticalReview 2006 31
Why DRR Important for Pakistan
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under New System of DM
32
National Risk Assessment National hazard and risk assessment
Being carried out - Will serve as key baseline document for DRR planning at the national/provincial/local level
Assessment expected to be completed by end 2012 Pilot project of Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability
(HLV) baseline assessment completed in 10 districts EQ risk assessments completed in Muzaffarabad,
Mansehra, Murree, Quetta & Chitral. Exercise aimed at integrating EQ vulnerability reduction into development plans and schemes
Risk assessment of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding (GLOF) completed in Gilgit district of Gilgit-Baltistan
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under New System of DM
33
Training, Education & Awareness Specialized training courses organized on Flood/
EQ/Drought/Coastal Hazards Mitigation, DRR
Mainstreaming and Disaster Risk Communication
Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing
conducted
Following knowledge products/ training manuals
developed and disseminated
– Guidelines for earthquake safer construction
– Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings
– Seismic hazard assessment
– Disaster reporting manual
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under New System of DM
34
Training, Education & Awareness
– Earthquake mitigation manual
– Drought mitigation manual
– Flood mitigation manual
– Cyclone mitigation manual
– DRR mainstreaming manual
– Disaster risk management manual
– School safety material on DRM
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 35
Promoting Disaster Risk Management Planning
Five Provincial/State, National Disaster Response Plan
and thirty District DRM plans prepared
Contingency plans developed:
– Monsoon
– Winter
– Marine
– Industrial and Chemical disasters
– Cyclone
Draft Tsunami Contingency Plan ready for
consultations
Progress Under New System of DM
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 36
Community & Local Level DRR Programming
Progress Under New System of DM
Provision of technical human resource to all PDMAs and
DRM Coordinators to 29 most vulnerable DDMAs
Key CBDRM activities include
– DRM network for disaster response formulated in 11
districts
– Tsunami evacuation drills in costal areas of
Balochistan and Sindh provinces
– Draft action plan for school safety for Sindh and
Balochistan developed
– Union council level DRM for pilot union councils
developed
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under DRM
37
Multi-hazard Early warning System
Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in
48 districts
Tsunami early warning system established and tide
gauges installed; Training for seismic data collection
and tide gauge maintenance also imparted
Drought early warning system and mitigation projects
implemented in Tharparkar District
Indigenous knowledge based early warning indicators
for drought developed
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under DRM
38
Mainstreaming DRR into Development The initiative is currently on-going in following ten
ministries: – Planning Commission of Pakistan– Ministry of Housing and Works– Ministry of Water and Power– Ministry of Industries and Production– Ministry of Defense– Ministry of Communication – Ministry of Environment (Devolved)– Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Devolved)– Ministry of Education (Devolved)– Ministry of Health (Devolved)
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under DRM
39
Mainstreaming DRR into Development
A chapter on DRR by the Planning Commission of
Pakistan. The proposed chapter will be made part of
the five years development plan after consensus by
provincial authorities
Under this component, guidelines on DRR for
preparation of development project proposals
(Infrastructure, Social and Production Sectors) have
been prepared & circulated
Seismic concerns have been mainstreamed into the
curricula of Civil Engineering Diploma
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 40
Emergency Response System
Progress Under DRM
US&R Team
Three teams formed (CDA, City District Government
Karachi and Pak Army)
Two are planned to be raised (Chitral and GB)
Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response
(PEER), Phase III has been started
26 District Disaster Resource Centers (DDRCs) have
been established in most vulnerable districts
DRM training being imparted to doctors and
paramedical staff
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 41
Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery
Progress Under DRM
Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) of NDMA currently providing technical backstopping to all involved in post-flood early recovery activities
SPU’s Sectoral experts have produced the following documents
Pak Flood and Early Recovery Response Plan 2010
Sectoral strategies on Agriculture, Community Restoration, WASH, Shelter, Education, Health and Information Management and Monitoring
Early Recovery Strategic Framework and Gap Analysis
Re-construction related outputs
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Bilateral/Regional Initiative
42
SAARC
Natural Disaster Rapid Response Mechanism
being devised
South Asian Disaster knowledge network (web
based portal)
China
Joint Pak-China Flood Management Mechanism
Cooperation in Disaster Management
Australia
Expansion of CBDRM programme
Support to NIDM
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Bilateral/Regional Initiative
43
Tripartite (Pakistan-Afghanistan-Turkey) cooperation
in disaster management
Cooperation with ADPC on DRM
UNISDR regional initiative on one million safer school
Expansion of CBDRM programme through World Bank
Capacity building programme through JICA
Cooperation with IFRC on mainstreaming IDRL
guidelines through Rules under NDM Act, 2010.
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 44
Floods 2007 - Sindh and Balochistan
Flash Floods 2008 - NWFP
Earthquake 2008 - Balochistan (Ziarat)
Food Crisis 2008
Land Slide 2010 - Attabad (Hunza, GB)
Avalanches 2010 - Kohistan
Kyrgyzstan Operation (Pak Students) - June 2010
Tropical Cyclone (Phat) 2010 - Balochistan and Sindh
Air Blue Crash July 2010
Floods 2010
Floods 2011 (in progress)
Disaster Response
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
www.ndma.gov.pk
+92-3005012304
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat QUESTIONS ?
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 49
Hazards in Pakistan
Predictable
Floods
Droughts
Tsunami
Cyclones/Storms
Un-Predictable
Earthquakes
Avalanches
Landslides
Glacial Lake Outbursts
Accidents of all types
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987-2006)
SS##
Disaster Disaster TypeType
People People HomelessHomeless
People People KilledKilled
People People InjuredInjured
People People affectedaffected
Total Total affectedaffected
Total Total Damage Damage 000$000$
%%RanRankingking
11Wind Wind StormStorm
22,59722,597 11,65411,654 1,1831,183 1,057,0001,057,000 1,080,7801,080,780 4,1004,100 22 66
22Earth-Earth-quakequake
2,853,5852,853,585 142,812142,812 88,09688,096 1,294,4291,294,429 4,236,1104,236,110 5,019,2555,019,255 88 22
33 FloodFlood 8,927,6858,927,685 11,70211,702 1,2621,262 38,669,44738,669,447 47,598,39447,598,394 2,746,0302,746,030 8686 11
44Land Land SlidesSlides
3,1003,100 384384 114114 200200 3,4143,414 -- 00 77
55 FamineFamine -- -- -- 300,000300,000 300,000300,000 -- 11 44
66 EpidemicEpidemic -- 283283 211211 16,27516,275 16,48616,486 -- 00 55
77Extreme Extreme TempTemp
-- 1,4061,406 324324 250250 574574 -- 00 88
88 DroughtDrought -- 223223 -- 2,269,3002,269,300 2,269,3002,269,300 2,47,0002,47,000 44 33
TotalTotal 11,806,96711,806,967 168,464168,464 91,19091,190 43,606,90143,606,901 55,505,05855,505,058 8,016,3858,016,385
Flood 2010Flood 2010 1,744,4711,744,471 1,9841,984 2,9462,946 20,184,55020,184,550 20,184,55020,184,550 10,000,00010,000,00050