NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY NATIONAL WAR COLLEGEprevrously announced reseemh rocket that never got...
Transcript of NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY NATIONAL WAR COLLEGEprevrously announced reseemh rocket that never got...
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NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE?
CORE COURSE 5 ESSAY e
LT COL HAROLD W MOULTON/CLASS OF 95 MILITARY STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS SEMINAR C DR. THOMAS A. KEANEY COL BRAN MCALLISTER
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4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Ballstic Missile Defense?
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BALLISTIC -MISSILE DEFENSE?
MOSCOW (Interfax. 3 15 pm., Jan 26. 1995)-A combat mrssrle which vlolared Russran awspacc has been uztercepted and destro.Jed by Russran Au Defense Command Forces The mtss& was launched from a northern European country (Non-v)
A hostile ballistrc mtssrle Ieunch m Europe? In 19959 From Norway? This can’t happen!
The Cold War IS over and if them IS any place that stabdity and peece look stmng end hopeful, n’s
In fact. rt did not happen-the mtssrle attack and mterceptlon, that IS. (Notway lvlnched 3
prevrously announced reseemh rocket that never got wu.hm IS5 mtles of Russ~a)(S. 1) However. the
emxteous Jnterfruc report did occur. Whtle thts mcrdent may suggest a skrmshness mstde the Russian
Defense Muustry, It also cieerly mghlights the uncertarnty of a world populared by a mulatude of
ectors with balhsttc mrsstle cqabthhes. But am baihstrc mtssrles really ti that unponent?
The pmhfemtron of ballrsnc mrsstles (and the potentml to marry them wnh weepons of mess
destructton) compels the Untted States to at least evaluate their unpact on US secunty mterests
throughout the world. First, one must bnefly look t the systems that pose a potentnil threat to the
Umted States. However. we aren’t so much worned about the systems. but rather. how they WIIJ be
used agrunst the Uruted States or US mterests So. there IS ;L need to peer into a crystal bell to predrct
“the next war.” Wnh this as beckgmund. then. one GUI appnuse the threat of beihsttc mtssiles end
hkely tmplnxtrons of the threat. Most tmportant. though. IS the need to crexe ztn qpmpncte response
to the threat. Thus. thrs paper wd.I eddress the cntuztl chxnctensucs of a balhstrc mrssde defense
system desrgned to meet the needs of the Umted States for pursurt of us mtetests. To begin. one must
examme the brrlhstrc mrssrle cepabdntes that the Umted States may fxe
BALLISTIC MISSILES
Balhsnc missiles ZUE aheady wdespnzad and gowmg. Whde Iraq may be out of busmess for
the nme bemg, plenty of other mrd World countnes cunently own or are actively pursumg a balllstlc
missile capabihty. (See Appen&x 1) Today. over twenty non-NATO countnes have bailisuc missile
capabxhtxes. Furthennole, these ye the countnes that axe pursuing weapons of mass destmcnon
(WMD). lndm, Libya North Korea. Syna and Pakistan all ae known to have or are acqmnng the
cap&&y to match nuclear weapons with their ballistic mlssdes. In fact, pro~ecuons for the end of the
decade now expect that w~thm the balhstxc missile commumty, five to ten countnes urlll have nuclear
crtpabxlxty, ten will possess blologcal weapon capability, and up to twenty could have chemical
warheads to match with these delivery systems. (16: 7)
At the moment, the bulk of the miss&s &spersed throughout the globe are the short range
variety Scud-type mlsslfes with ranges under 250 mdes (500 km). However, the futun: may already
be hele and it 1s not so hmlted. Former Director of Central Intelhgence, James Wwisey. recently
highlighted the potential nsk to Southeast Asrs the Pacific, and even Eulrope (if employed from the
Middle East) from North KO~X’S Yo Dong-1 missile that has a 1000 km range. (39. AlS) If that
wele not enough. -Vonh Konza also IS developing the TD-1 and TD-2 which have ranges from 2OCO to
3500 km. China IS aheady there cvlth the CSS-2 and as &lay to nach over 3000 km. India. tw.
can reach very long ranges with as Agru (maximum range 2500 km). (See range compansons,
Appencfix 2)
Cen;unIy, the depth of these new misslIes can change the equation of a conflict. More
drsconcertmg, though. IS the fact that there appears to be htrle hope for arms control measures to keep
them in the hands of the few who &zady own them. The Hissde Technology Control Regime
(MTCR) seeks to limit pmhferation through export controls. However. slgmfant parties (I.e.. Chma.
North Korea. Russia) are not participants. Nor can MTCR halt mhgenous pmgnms (Iike those of
India and Israel). Ultimately. MTCR and rums control only address the supph problem of the
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‘iquatlon-and a mulhtude of states rue demonstmtmg a demand for such weapons Smce the supply 1s
not completely cut off. states with a desm! ae findmg a means to achieve rhelr goal of giunmg 3
cheap subsntute for a manned bomber force balhsuc mlsdes
SUE. the mlssdes PIE out there, but does that really unpact the Umted States3 To answer that
question. one must look mto the future.
THE NEXT USE OF BALLISTIC MISSILES?
To properly plepye to defend agamst future threats to US nanon& security mterests,
leaderstip must evaluate the “next war” by answenng four basic quesaons:
1. When will the war begm?
2. Whatkindofawarvvlllabe?
3 How wdl the war beg&
4. Where wdl the war begm3 (18: 1)
The first quesnon IS the toughest to answer. mle It clearly would be unpmdent to sacnfice
readmess to the pomt that the Umted States could not act tomormw. It does not appear that a maJor
conflict IS m our near future. Desert Storm 1s stall quite fresh on the corporate memory of the
mtematlonal commumty; and. there IS no one who can honestly match conventional capabd~ty with the
Umted States today or for the rest of this decade. Thus, while &ssutied today, ;L mtlonal ;1ctor who
may want to match up agamst the Umted States to pursue his agenda could now be seekmg that
capability to deter, defeat. or bypass US stren,oth. Balhstlc mlssdes could be Just the capablhty to
meet such a need. The best pre&ction for the next major confhct not untd after 2000 and m3ybe not
for a full decade or more
Given the end of the Cold War superpower standoff. and the nzcent US suc~e%s In the
PersIan Gulf War. It appears that the Umted States wti not end up m a global-type war soon. Fang
an immensely capable convennonal force backed by a still vmble nuclear triad. nnonal actots will
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‘hkeiy not try to t&e on the United States on us home tutf. Rtier, the most plausrble scenvlo for the
next ma.or US conflict wtll come from some regional actor/state that believes the Umted Sates wdl
not mvolve itself m the legron or that rt can deter the Umted States from achtevmg its goals. So the
rtnswer to quesnons two and four: a regxonal conflict.
To further clz&y m thrs context, the conflict wtJl likely occur m a region where ballrsuc
miss&s am a factor fmm the start of the war. Ballistic missiles have become the weqon of choice m
regtonal conflicts, especitiy m the Middle East.. (See Appendtx 3) In fact, b&sac mtssiies ;ue
present m or ccn reach each of the WOW’S most volatde tegrons with stgmfic;mt US Ililtlomrl mtemsts’
East Asia, Europe, the Middle East, end South Asia Given then “trump czrtd” nature, balIishc
mtssiles may provtde the rmpetus for a regtonal actor, behevmg in hts own strength, to oppose ;L US
national secunty interest
Finfly. we need to answer the thnd quesuon-how wdl the wiir begm? Thts one IS pmbahly
the easiest. While It IS posstble that the Umted States would be totally ptepved ;md allowed the
luxury of another Desert Smeld-type bmld up, it IS much more probable that we wtll be caught off
guard. Indeed. the only prudent coutse for prepwon for the next con&t IS to ztssume that It wdl
come wnhout wammg IJtke August 1990, June 1950, or even December 1941). The implicatron of
such a start IS, of course. that the Umted Smtes mrlitaty wtll have to “come in It IS” rather than butld
up md prepare once the confrontation spills over mto a use of force If ballisac mrsslles = in the
scenano. the Ututed States wdl face them wtth fielded systems-there will not be tune to develop ;I
defense on the spot
IMPLICATIONS OF BALLISTIC MISSILES
Pretty simple: the “next waf’ wtll be a no-notice regtonal conflict. away from the Uruted
States. facing some sort of balltsac mlssrle c3pablhty. but not stanmg for the next five to ten years
3’ Well, not really so sunple. Ballistrc missiles have the capacny to tmnsfotm the cucumstnnces
of a conflict so tha the “next war” may not be a war at all. Thud World missiles alrezly threafen US
mthtary msmllctrons and allies around the globe. These balhstrc missiles could cletiy pose ;z dmzct
threat to US forces or ties, but more damgmg IS the mdilect threat that they pose. Since balhsuc
mtsstles ccn retch so far, they put cnacal assets d nsk. If ball&c missiles take out key nodes (ports,
;ilrfields, command and contml factlines. . ) the Umted Strtres may become Impotent to use its
convenuonal might m response to a mgromtl thmu. Under the worst cucumsmnces, an advetzuy who
wxxts to bmndish ballisnc muss&s along wrth ;I nuclear. blologlcal. or chemtcai (NBC) cepabtlity
could nuse the stakes so lugh that US leaden&p would not put up wtth the nsk/costs and thus be
deterred from actmg ti all.
Furchermom, belhsuc mtssrles have the capacny to hold the utternational commumty hostage
when armed at popultiron centers or nuclear power faclliues. Even a piece of a broken conventtonaily
tipped mlssde C;UI demohsh an apattment complex msultmg m stgmficnnt casualtxes. IMtmed with
WMDs. ;t bailrstrc mlssrle could wreak havoc and bnng on CM.~KI casualty mtes the likes of wmch
have not been seen since World War II. It really doesn’t matter who gets krlled or where the prectse
mrget 1s 3s long cs the threat IS real rmd the mrssde atmck creates panic and tension.
Couldn’t the Umted States Just use its nuclear fist to deter such rtctrons? Probably not. The
Persian Gulf War proved thu a convenaomrlly tipped balhsuc mrssile causes tenor, but It may not be
suffictently hostrle to Justify nuclear retaliation (a cortlitron buster below the threshold for nuclear
response). Furthermore. the Umted Stares found that convennonal notrons of deterrence may not
wodc How does one deter someone who uses hrs own popularron z hosmges? Indeed. given that
one mqor lesson from the Persum Gulf Wru w;1s that the Umted Staes could not truly defend Itself
ctgamst btitsuc mtsstles. the next logical step for an opponent of the Umted Stves would be to pursue
a cm&ble balllsuc mlsstle capabtltty and mtich it with WMDs. In fact. rtf least one Indurn Geneml
noted that f;tct speaficrrlly (10 6)
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.’ Thus, ballistx misslies pose a th~at to US national mtexests today and show evev m&cation
that they will be even moie tiueatemng tn the fumle. Smce diplomacy (arms contmi) and deterrence
appear to be madequate, a mllrtay nsponse 1s the most logical addihonal appnxch Lt General
Charles Homer (the Jomt FoEes &r Component Commander for the Persxm Gulf War) cited the
mrlitaxy requuemenw
When very accumte miss&s vnth mass destmcnon warheads are avatlable to T~IK! World nations. the US wdl need a legion& Hnde-area tr defense foxe to duplxate on a grand scale the Patnot’s pivotal mle of defangmg the Scud. (11: 6)
Since mole than a handful of Thud World nations have or Hrlti have such a capabtity, now 1s the tune
for the Umted States to actively pursue a counter to that threat.
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFEUSE
The PersIan Gulf War was mstmcave and Impoamt. Wlule others may have spied a potential
US Achlles’ Heel to btishc mlsales. the Umted States cenamly xxogruzed its need to pursue
Theater lMlsslle Defense (TMD) The current admuustmtion has elevated ‘MD above the former
Stmteglc Defense Irutlatlve (SDI). The current pmgmm IS conceptually built on four pdlars. pasave
defense, active defense: attack openuons; and the battle management/command. control.
commumcat~ons. computers. and mtelligence required to support openr~ons. Competing for a share of
the f2-3 bllhon annual budget are ;t mynad of systems that can overwhelm even the knowledgeable.
THAW, PAC-3, AEGIS/SM-2. Corps SAM. ABL, BPI, and on. and on.
Given a quite restncted set of fiscal resounzes for the foreseeable future. the services wdl
continue to battle over the share of Department of Defense funds allocated to ballwlc mlssde defense
Thus. it IS important to take a step back and look at the emblem as a whole. Rather than recommend
systems to solve the pmblem. thele IS a need to descnbe the cntlcal chanctenstlcs of a full rheater
mrssrle defense system that can meet the needs of the Umted States. To meet Genenl Homer’s goti
*ior wide area “defangmg,” the US TMD system should be layered, onented on boost phase or pre-
launch phase. rapidly deployable, and networked together.
LAYERING
A theater baihsnc mlssrle can be launched from a hidden mobile launcher. Once arbome. the
missile may leach mcre&ble speeds (up to 3 km/set). Ranges. warheads. mlsslle soptisticaion. and
penetmtion ads vary gxezttly xxws the spectmm of threat systems. Thus threat spectmm decreases the
pmbabdity that a smgle defmlve system FLU be able to stop the mcommg mwstie. A angle bullet
Just cannot do it all. Given the catastmph~ nature of even a few ‘leakers,” a low pmbabdity of
stoppmg the missile is an unacceptable 3nswer.
However, mulaple attacks at the sane missrle offer a substan~al incmse m the likelilmxi that
it wti be stopped pnor to reaching any lucmnve target. Since the pnmary am of the system IS to
prevent a btisnc misstie from dehvenng its warhead to any fnendty terntory. the optimum defense IS
one that makes every attempt to intercept the misstie unul it 1s destmyed. Thus means attackmg the
missile before launch, m the ascent, dunng midcourse, and iin&ly in the termmal phase usmg 3
“shoot-look-shoot” doctnne (contmumg to attack untd confinnanon of destmcnon of the ballrsnc
missile)
Muiuple attacks from a single system offer maeases m k.dl pmbabdity-muluple attacks across
the life cycle of the bail&z muscle (fmm mulnple systems) offer maeased pmbablhty of a kill and
the opportumty to quit once It IS destmyed. Being able to quit attackmg an inbound missile IS
extremely important-a allows the TMD system to d~snzgard the destroyed mlssde and concenuate on
other Inbound missiles. Thus attnbute could be cntlcal to protect agamst attacks of multlple mlssdes
launched simultaneously
An mterestmg ad&tlonal argument for lyenng IS financial If you establish a stanrfrrni for the
amount of ‘leakers” that is acceptable. aeating 3 system with multiple layers will dnmatlctily reduce
the size of the mterceptor Inventory required to meet that standard (once qan based on the concept
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, ’ of “shoot-look-shoot”: This directly affects the cost of the entue system-the more layers. the gxeaer
Educuon m cost to aclueve the desued level of defense. (22: 24)
AlTACK OPERATIOYS AND BOOST-ORENTED APPROACH
closely ued to the idea of layenng is the need to pnontlze whe= it would be best to mtexcept
the btisac mlsslle Clearly, the opumum cucumstance would be to prevent the launch m the first
place. lIus IS the goal of a#ack operattons that seek to destroy the balhstic missile befoE launch.
Whether the mrsslle IS all m the factory or on the launcher raxl, an attack that prevents launch
certamly protects friendly assets. However, more unportant, attxk operations usually take out
cpability. Destmymg the factory, tmnspoItation system, or the launcher stops not Just a single
misstie, but also the capacity to bnng mole ml&es mto the confhct. (See Appenhx 4 for examples
of attack opentlons effectrveness m a canpqn) Thus, attack openmons. ptesentmg the most
effiaent layer of a layead defense. deserve pnmq focus m the TMD system
Simdarly, should a misstie launch occur, the best place to destmy it would be as early as
possible-m the boost or ascent phase. The desrrability of such an early attack opuon stems from two
mYn ObJectives First, attackmg an mbound mlsslle early allows moxe opportumues to evaluate the
defense and conduct follow-on attacks (fmm dus or other layen). Secondly, the potential fallout from
an NBC warhead cannot be allowed to enter fnendly temtoq. Destmymg a chemical warhead m
fight may result m debns which contanmates the Eglon below the intercept. Obvlousiy, It would be
best to have tfus debns ramng down on the enemy mther than tiendiy assets.
In the past (dunng SD1 days). these two avenues to ballistic missile defense did not recexve
the bulk of the attention. The feaslbdity of such operations over the USSR was fughly questIonable.
But now, cucumstances and our underlymg assumptions about the next WY have changed. Missile
arsenals of future adversanes will be dxamatically smaller than that of the former Soviet Union.
Furthermore. in ;L regional context. the Umted States should be able to npldly gan ar supenonty over
the enemy rurspace and thus enable both attack opexat~ons and boost/ascent phase mtercept. Hence.
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. wluie It may have always been desuabie to be onented on early attack. It has certanly become more
possible to align our TMD towad such operanons.
DEPLOYABILITY
me answer to quesuon three above (How wdl the next war begm?) pmvldes the pnmay
motivation for thus chaactensuc of a fuII Th4D capabtity Since the next conflict could likely be a
no-nouce affar m a region with httle US forwrruri presence, the enun: TMD system ti probably need
to be bmught mto the theater. Whether space-based, aborne. or surface (land or sea) onented. every
asset of the TMD system will need the capabfity to rapidly Rspond to a bal&ic missile threat.
The key word IS rapid. As mentioned before, btimc miss&z can haten ports and
population centers at a moment’s nonce. Therefore, the ~sponse to those missdes must be able to
amve m a tunely fashon-qmck enough to deter or defend against the first set of launches. Cenamly
the system wdl have to be phased m with the Est of the theater combat capablhty, but it wdl be quite
important to have an @%~nr defense in early It does no good to bnng m a slgmficant “heavy”
defense on Day 30 when the advexsay’s arsenal 1s exhausted on Day 14.
Furthermore, US Patnot pmtecaon of Isnel dunng the PersIan Gulf War &splayed the flexible
natunz required for a full TMD system. Responsiveness to changmg pnontles for cnticai asset
pmtecnon will demand deployabdlty as a key charactenstlc m support of both mllitvy and political
ObJeCtIVeS.
=-l-WORK
The final key attnbute of ;L complete TMD system 1s the abthty to have the entue system
networked together. In the past. when defendmg against a ‘Mach 1 axrcmft. the zur defense system has
been allowed up to 20 minutes for the detection-to-destruction cycle response. In Inq. a Mach 5 Scud
Rduced tis time down to 3-4 minutes. Futuli: tugh speed. advanced missile threats could further
reduce the nsponse time to less than ;i minute (a Mach 25 mlsslle narrows the wmdow to 35
seconds: Tlus shnnkmg envelope to defend demands thar all assets work syneststically to halt the
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. ‘mcommg missde. Full mtegzmon and networking of mformanon are essennal to ensure opnmal
resouxe tiocatlon and coopemtive engagement.
In the recent past. the US An Force has proposed to take on the enure mlsslon to faahtate
such mtegration. WMe the “cmdle-to-gave” ownership by a smgie selvlce has men& the key 1s an
mtegmted and networked system. Given the duecbon of Jomt warfare, and the successes of the
JFACC (Joint Forces hr Component Commander) system, rt appears that the Umted States can reach
thxs goal through ogamzaonal SUUC~UKL As long as services seach for mtempemb&y (which may
be assisted by the new Jomt Requuements Oversight Cou.na.I pmcess), and BMK.41 experts putsue
mtegntlon and connecnvlty from sensor to shooter, the TMD system need not Eade under a single
hat..
OTHER ISSUES
One of the biggest advantages of a fully deployed TMD system would be its dampemng effect
on the threat. A credible defense will negate the tmmp cad nature of ballisuc mlsslles and Educe
them to Just another weapon SUbJeCt to destructron by US military might. In fact. once a fully capable
TMD system 1s fielded. the value of baihsnc mlssdes wdl fall so much that states may &scontmue
their pursuit of the weapons. Thus. TMD itself becomes a ae&bie counter-pmhfentlon tool. The
rnonz widespread the TMD cqxhlitxs are, the mole likely states ae to bypass the baIbstlc mlssrle
option.
Thus value of widespread TMD capabdlty leads to a second pomt. NATO should be brought
Into the deveiopment and deployment of the US ‘MD system. Not only would tis ensure a broader
‘MD capability worldwide (and hence. undermrmng further pmhferation). but It also would offer the
Uruted States the oppomuuty to mingate some of the srgmficant costs to field such a system.
Burdenshanng may well mdeed become the only way to actually fund tis capablllty in the face of
dramanc downwaxd pressure on defense budgets
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. The shanng of ??viD wtth NATO and broademng of the an&n&de cap&&y wdi also ad m
dealmg with the issues assoaated with the ABM (Arm-Balhsuc -%&de) Treaty. There IS mote than a
Bttle debate as to the legality of cunent US efforts m TMD with nzspect to the ABM TEXY. The
solution 1s to sidestep the debate and acuvely pursue ;t resoluuon with Russia (signatory as the former
USSR). In the end, It IS m the interest of both countries. and their allies. to develop systems that
protect against theater-ievel missiles. Safeguards should be employed to pnzvent major impact to
strategic foxes, and thus preserve the deterrent relauonsh~p that has avoided nuclear war for decades.
One unpomnt caveat IS wotth menuomng when discussmg balhsuc missile defense. Balhstlc
misstles anz not the only theater misslle threat. Cruise missties an2 also an unportant emexgmg thnzit.
Whde then: axe some pomons of a full Th4D system that couid assist m pmtectmg agamst the cnnse
mlsslle thnxu (i.e., attack opentlons), limdanentally, the defense agamst cmise missiles IS an entirely
different problem to be solved. Furthermore, If a full TMD system does mdeed deter pmhfentlon of
ballistic mwsdes. it may dnve opponents into the cnnse missile arena to seek power aggrunst the Umted
Stcites or its interests.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall. there IS probably already a consensus on balhstlc miss&s. They indeed ae a threat.
Widespread today and pmhferatmg, ballishc missiles an? a factor in most regions where the Umted
States has mayor mterests. Futiennoce. the threat is Impmvmg-espeaally m its mnge capablhtles
Since the Umted States IS likely to fight its next war legionally, and since bJllsnc mlsslles
will pmbabiy be a mqor part of the acuon, the Uruted States cannot sit tdly by and not prepare for
such a contingency To do so would mvlte some very senous consequences-preempnon of US
deployment/employment of foxas. blackmalmg the mtematlonal commumty. or worst of all. massive
casualties. The ptoblem IS exceptionally complex, and requires actlon along sevenl fmnts: focussmg
on supply and demand; usmg &plomutc, techmcal, as well as rnlliw means; and pursued through
muitmanonal as well as umlateral approaches
The mtitary response to ballisuc miss&s needs to be a well munded Theater Ballisnc Missile
Defense system. Such a system nquues four major atmbutes. It must be layered to achieve a Hugh
pmbabdlty of successfully stoppmg an mcommg maale and to opnmtze the system for defense
agmst salvos of brtllistx mlssdes. It should focus on stopping the misslie befoxe launch or wMe It
sulk remains over enemy temtov (att;ick operations and boost phase onented). It must be able to
amve in ume to defend, and thus be rapxily deployable. And finally, the system must be mtegmted
and networked together to ensme optunal use of the assets avadable and cooperative engagement of
mbound threats.
In the end. with this kind of theater masde defense the Umted States will have taken long
strides toward countenng a threat that lmpenls US interests. It IS wolthwMe to remember the words
of Winston Chuxti who also faced an ar defense pmblem.
Cenrunly. nothmg IS mo= necessary, not only to thus country, but to all peace-loving powers in the world than that the good old earth shouId acquue some means
of*destmymg the sky marauder. (35. Al5)
Today, the manuder is a ball&x misstie. The United States must certainly pursue a capability to
“destroy the marauder.”
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. , APPENDIX 1
Balhstlc Mlssdes Of Oevelopxng Countries
North Korea franchxse
Souse: Jomt Theater WssJe Defense Conops (Draft), J-26. Jomt Staff, Depanment of Defense. November. 1994
. , APPENDIX 2
BALLISTIC hflSSilE DEFENSE TBMTHREAT-REALANDGROWING ORGANIZATION
Launch Range (km)
Type ~““~“““l”“““““““‘l”“““““*~““““““””””””q 500 1,000 1,500 2000 woo 3,000 3,5oc I
css-2
Agni
css-x-5
Arniston
No Dong I (Dev)
Al-Hussein
Scud c
SS-23 FO (Cev)
Scud B
9 Extent
- Countries With TBMs - Different TBM Designs >
10s
- Existing Launchers 100s - Existing Missifes 1,000s
Scud Mod 2 I ‘;“;” 40120
B-21 M3 Icf 10 70
‘ROG P
l Characteristics - Ranges - Apogees - Velocities
80 - 3,100 km 20-600 km 1 - 4+ kmlsec
Source: Bailisuc Missde Defense Oqmmuon Bnefing, “Balbnc MsslIe Pmliferauon. .March 19%
l XPPElVDIX 3
Missile Use In Reglonal Confhct
Conflict Date Missiles Used/By Against
Third Arab-lsraek War Israel I
Thwd IndwPakstan~ Wal . Pakman
QlYPt Israel Israel Israel
Bntlsh fleet Argentm
Yom K~ppor War 1973 Gabnet. Mk l’ilsael
s=eaPt FRoc3syna. Egypt As-5 KewEgypt
ExocetVArgentlna Sea Skua’iCireat Bntaln
Iran-Iraq Scud. FROG/Iraq Iran Scud Oghab kar+l30/lran lr=l SlyXVklQ Iran
Drownraq U S S Sfa* Ian Armat’llraq Iran
Sll~‘/l~ Iran S&vonn - Harpoon (?‘nran m
19@2-88
U S -Libya dash 1966
I
WYa Haqxxn’Nnrted Stales
Lampeousa (Italy)
bbya
1966-91 I
Scud/Afghan army Afghan mujaheaQn I AfghanMan
Israel. Saudr Aabla. Oatar. Bahram
m I
Yemen I
Souse. Joint Theater Mlsslie Defense Conops (D&t), J-36. Jomt Staff. Department of Defense. November, 1994.
APPENDIX 4
OCA Effects on TBM Launches
LAUNCES PER DAY
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
-m-2.6% Post launctl klu t-670 Post launch kill -6% Prelaunch h 10% Post
&Unch
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DAY
- 40 launcher baseiine - Eachsurviving Iauncher attempts two launches per day
Sowce. HQ USAF/T& Theater AN Defense Office. March 1995.
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