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![Page 1: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Main concepts and definitions
Roger De BoeckBalance of payments
Istanbul, 9 November 2006
![Page 2: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
1. Why a revision?
- better reflection of the economy
- better definition of FDI as an element of macro economic statistics
- illustration of the impact of FDI on the economy
![Page 3: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
2. Main purposes
Reliable and detailed statistics
Interpretability Practicability
Quality Detail Costs Confidentiality
![Page 4: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Clarification of the definitions/concepts
User friendly
Accessibility Comprehensiveness
Utility
Illustration
Examples Practices
![Page 5: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Balance of payments Manual - IMF
System of National accounts - UN
Consistensy with other International aggregates
![Page 6: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
3. Basic concepts and definitions
BMD 3 Draft BMD 4 Influence Influence lasting interest lasting interest
What is a foreign direct investment?
direct investor
direct investmententerprise
> 10 % > 10 %
voting rights ordinary shares
+identified deviations
voting power
+ strict application
![Page 7: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
+
1st level
2nd level
3d level
N level
What is the operational framework of FDI statistics?
Direct links Indirect links
A A
B C N B C N
FED X
G Y
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
What is the operational framework of FDI statistics?
Indirect links
Vertical chains Horizontal chains
A
B
C
A
B C
![Page 9: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
BMD 3 draft BMD 4
x > 50% 10% < x < 50% x > 50% 10% < x < 50% x > 50% Ordinary shares / Voting rights Voting power Voting power Voting power
+ +
What is the operational framework of FDI statistics?
Full consolidated system FCS
Framework of direct investmentrelationships
FDIR
Control Influence Control Influence JoinedControl
Subsidiaries
Branches
Associatecompanies
Subsidiaries
BranchesAssociatecompanies
Subsidiaries
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Principles :
• control on control = control C on C = C
• influence on control = influence I on C = I
• control on influence = influence C on I = I
• influence on influence = EXCLUDED I on I = nihil
What is the frame of FDI statistics?
![Page 11: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
{} excluded
What is the frame of FDI statistics?
A 60 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
25 %
30 %
40 %
C C C C I I I 40 %
30 % 60 % 70 % 70 % 40 %
I + I C C C {I} = C 60 % 70 %
C C 20 % 20 %
I I 20% 15 %
{I} {I}
![Page 12: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Multiplication of subsequent % 1st level > 10% of voting powerof voting power other levels : > 50% of voting
power
What is the frame of FDI statistics?
2 accepted proxy's
the equity multiplicationmethod
the influence/controlmethod
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
What is the frame of FDI statistics?
A
Multiplication of subsequent % 1st level > 10% of voting powerof voting power other levels : > 50% of voting power
90 % 60 % 15 % 90 %60 % 54 % 80 % 20 % 80 % 40 %40 % 21,6 %20 % 4,32 % Excluded
A
B C
D E F G
B
C
D
E
![Page 14: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
4. Measurement of FDI
Outward InwardVertical chain - Direct investor to direct investment enterprise = Assets
- Direct investment enterprise to direct investor = Liabilities
Horizontal - Direct investment enterprise to direct chain investment enterprise = Assets/Liabilities
What does FDI statistics contains?
FDI abroad FDI in the reportingeconomy
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Includes
What does FDI statistics contains?
Initial equity transaction / position
All subsequent transactions / positions
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
Equity capitalLoans/depositsLong termShort termDebt instrumentsOther assets/liabilitiesReinvested earnings Retained earnings ReservesDividendsInterests
What does FDI statistics contains?
Main components
Flows Positions
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© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
=Profit of year t - dividends paid in year t
positiveor
! negative !
= Retained profits + reserves in the long run
What does FDI statistics contains?
Reinvested earnings
![Page 18: National Bank of Belgium Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition Main concepts and definitions Roger De Boeck Balance of payments Istanbul,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a4d1b827f8b9ab0599bb77e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© National Bank of Belgium
Draft OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition
What does FDI statistics contains?
Country breakdown
Activity breakdown
Resident Non resident