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![Page 1: National Association of Social Workers Financial Management for Chapters Developed by the Administrative Division, Adapted by Chapter Services August 2002.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022103100/56649e885503460f94b8c8a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
National Association of Social Workers
Financial Management
for Chapters
Developed by the Administrative Division, Adapted by
Chapter Services
August 2002
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 1
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 2
Responsibilities of a Chapter Treasurer
Key volunteer financial manager Reports on financial activity of
chapter Presents budget to the Board Keeps full and accurate accounts
of financial records
Source: Lang, Andrew, “Financial Responsibilities of Nonprofit Boards”
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 3
Responsibilities of a Chapter Treasurer (cont’d)
Serves as a member of the Board of Directors.
Has signature registered with bank servicing chapter.
In collaboration with the chapter executive director and president, prepares the annual budget for presentation to the board.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 4
Responsibilities of a Chapter Treasurer (cont’d)
Provide information to the board regarding budgetary restrictions and budgetary restriction and alert the board when projects or programs are in danger of going over budget.
Propose cost cutting measures and budget increases based on knowledge of financial matters.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 5
Definitions of Key Terms
The following key terms are
defined: Accounting Asset and Liability Budget Process Credit and Debit Revenue and Expense Fiduciary
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 6
Accounting
The art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner, transactions and events of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 7
Asset
Anything of value that is owned. It may be physical in character, such as land, machinery, equipment, and cash. Assets may also be intangible, such as a legal claim or right against contributors or funders, generally called accounts receivable.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 8
Liability
A debt or an obligation owed by the chapter to its creditors. Examples include wages owed to employees, related withholding owed to tax agencies, and amounts owed to creditors, generally called accounts payable.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 9
Budget Process
A plan for what the chapter is hoping to achieve during a future predesignated period and how the dollar amounts will be distributed to achieve those goals and objectives.
A tool for monitoring financial activities during the budget period and help in managing the affairs of the chapter.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 10
Credit and Debit
Credit - one of the amounts in a double-entry accounting system. At least one component of every accounting transaction (journal entry) is a credit amount. Credits increase liabilities and equity and decrease assets. Credits are entered on the right-hand side of a two-column journal or ledger.
Debit -one of the amounts in a double-entry accounting system. At least one component of every accounting transaction (journal entry) is a debit amount. Debits increase assets and decrease liabilities and equity. Debits are entered on the left-hand side of a two-column journal or ledger.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 11
Revenue and Expense
Revenue - income for the chapter, such as membership dues, advertisements, fees, and interest earned.
Expense - represents an outflow of a chapter’s resources (not always cash) for operational costs for goods or services.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 12
Fiduciary
A person who serves or has the characteristics of a trustee with respect to the trust and confidence required for the position, institution, or fund. This person must also possess scrupulous good faith and candor.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 13
Fiscal Integrity
Taking those necessary steps to ensure that the chapter is financially sound in the short-term and plan wisely for the long-term
Some of those steps would include:– auditing financial management
operations– establishing financial parameters– determining the soundness of
insurance coverage.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 14
Double-Entry Basis of Accounting
When a debit is recorded, it must be offset by a credit because fundamental accounting principles require that debits (left) should equal credits (right) and that assets should equal liabilities plus fund balance.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 15
Double-Entry Accounting
DEBIT– Increases Assets– Decreases Liabilities
& Deferred Income– Increases Expenses– Decreases Revenue
CREDIT– Decreases Assets– Increases Liabilities
& Deferred Income– Increases Net
Assets (fund balance)
– Decreases Expenses
– Increases Revenues (earned income)
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 16
What is a Budget?
A plan of action for future financial activity usually expressed in dollars.
A tool to measure the financial commitments needed to support the activities necessary in reaching the chapter’s goals.
An important internal control mechanism that can alert management to changes in operating effectiveness.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 17
The Budgeting Process
Budgets are based on educated guesses; therefore the better your cost history and accounting system, the better your guesses about the future.
It is better to prepare a budget on limited cost data than not to budget at all. Working with limited data will allow you to adjust your projections.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 18
Steps in Preparing a Budget
Clarify the overall goals and objectives for the year.
Review the current year’s budget.
Identify expenditures that are not recurring every year.
Gain specific input from chapter board/committee chairs and staff.
Estimate expenses.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 19
Steps in Preparing a Budget (cont’d)
Estimate income and expenses. Review and approve the
proposed budget with the chapter board.
Monitor and make adjustments to the budget as necessary.
Use the budget as the basis for year-end reports.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 20
A Budget Should Be
based on the chapter’s plan for future activities.
broken down into periods corresponding to those of the financial statements
based on historical information
a realistic assessment of the future revenues and expenses
actively reviewed as the budget period progresses
capable of being modified
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 21
A Budget Should Not Be
inflexible a guideline as to
the amount of money that must be spent by a certain year
several pieces of paper developed each year to be filed until next year
a statement of the hopes and aspirations of the chapter
the sole criterion for accepting or rejecting an activity or expense item
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 22
Benefits of a Budget
Coordination: improves coordination among board and committees in a chapter
Communication: allows interchange of ideas and information to achieve mutual understanding
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 23
Benefits of a Budget (cont’d)
Control: the difference or variances between actual results and budgeted amounts serve as feedback that enables management to improve performance through corrective action
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 24
Statement of Financial Position
Assets– Cash in Bank $130,000– Investments 50,000– Accounts Receivable 25,000
Other Assets– Prepaid expenses 1,000– Investments 5,000
Total Assets $211,000
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 25
Liabilities, Deferred Revenue,and Net Assets
Liabilities
– Accounts payable $30,000
– Payroll taxes 5,000 Current Liabilities
– Other accrued expenses 1,000
– Total Current Liabilities $36,000
Deferred revenue 150,000
– Membership dues 5,000 Long-term Liabilities
– Subscriptions 2,500
– Credit Card program 2,500 Total deferred revenue 160,000
Total liabilities and deferred revenue 196,000 Net Assets Unrestricted 15,000
Total liabilities, deferred revenue and net assets $211,000
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 26
-
Allows chapters to identify and monitor resources available, resources needed to meet obligations as they become due, and excess cash that can be invested for short and/or long periods of time.
Cash Flow Analysis
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 27
Cash Flow Formula
The formula for a cash flow budget is simple:
Cash balance, beginning $_________
Plus cash received during month +_________
= Cash available for the month =
Less cash disbursed during month - ________
= Cash available, end of month =________
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 28
Regular Board Financial Review
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 29
Is the Chapter operating according to plan?
– Is the strategic plan being followed?
– Are the goals of the budget being met? Are there a variety of income sources?
– An entity with substantial income from a variety of sources is less likely to have trouble than one that gets the majority of its income from one source.
– Has the cash flow from the sources of income been steady and dependable over a given period of time?
Are income and expenses exhibiting appropriate trends?
– Are critical income sources growing or declining?
– Are major expenses maintaining steady relationships to income?
– Are dues and/or fees income increasing or decreasing? Why?
Factors to Consider When Reviewing Financial Information
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 30
Comparative Analysis
Most commonly used method of financial review
Figures must be provided for two different time periods for the same type of financial statement
Compare information for similar time periods Be certain that information for all line items
have been calculated the same way Observe trends and determine:
– Is this a positive or negative trend?– Are there related items whose trends should be considered?– Is some action warranted?
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 31
Comparative Statement of ActivitiesAs of March 31, 2001 and March 31, 2002
Dues Revenue
Non-Dues Revenue
Total Revenue
Total Expenses
Excess/(Deficit)
YTDMarch2001
YTDMarch2002
ActualMar ’02Over/Under
Mar ‘01Budget Actual Budget Actual$ 90,218
$ 80,985
$ 88,900
$ 82,904
$94,204
$93,483
$ 92,372
$ 91,082
$171,176 $171,804 $187,687 $183,454
$169,185 $170,104 $186,612 $182,636
$ 1,991 $ 1,700 $ 1,075 $ 818
$3,427
$8,178
$11,650
$12,532
$(882)
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 32
Earned/Deferred Revenue for NASW
Chapters
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 33
The Accounting of Membership DuesAccounting for a Membership Dues Payment During the First Month of a Membership Cycle
MSW $190.00 BSW $125.00
$166.00
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 34
The Accounting of Membership DuesAccounting for a Membership Dues Payment During the First Month of a Membership Cycle
3%
$4.98 to Chapter Development Fund
$166.00
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 35
The Accounting of Membership DuesAccounting for a Membership Dues Payment During the First Month of a Membership Cycle
3%
$4.98 to Chapter Development Fund
$161.02
$166.00
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 36
The Accounting of Membership DuesAccounting for a Membership Dues Payment During the First Month of a Membership Cycle
3% 50%
50%
$4.98 to Chapter Development Fund
$161.02
$80.51 to Chapter
$80.51 to National
Office
$166.00
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 37
The Accounting of Membership DuesAccounting for a Membership Dues Payment During the First Month of a Membership Cycle
3% 50%
50%
1/12
1/12
11/12
11/12
$4.98 to Chapter Development Fund
$161.02
$80.51 to Chapter
$80.51 to National
Office
$6.71 to Chapter Earned Income
$73.80 to Chapter Deferred Income
$6.71 to National Office Earned Income
$73.80 to National Office Deferred Income
$166.00
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Accounting for Earned and Deferred Income
J F M A M J J A S O N D 1/12 of cash payment $6.71 $ 6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71 $6.71
Deferred income $73.80 $67.09 $60.38 $53.67 $46.96 $40.25 $33.54 $26.83 $20.12 $13.41 $6.71 $0.00
Earned income $6.71 $13.42 $20.13 $26.84 $33.55 $40.26 $46.97 $53.68 $60.39 $67.10 $73.81 $80.51
Deferred income Earned income
Earned/Deferred balances at beginning of accounting period
Earned/Deferred balances at end of accounting period
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 39
Quiz - A Hypothetical Chapter
the chapter has three members the dues are $120 annually the chapter earns dues at the rate of
1/12 per month or $10 per month for each member
member A pays his dues in April member B pays her dues in May member C pays her dues in June
the fiscal year ends in June
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 40
Quiz - How much cash did the chapter receive
during the year? A - $360 B - $240 C - $ 60
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 41
Quiz - How much did the chapter earn during the
year?
A - $120 B - $ 60 C - $360
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 42
Cash ReceivedApril May June Total
Member A $120 $120Member B $120 $120Member C $120 $120
$120 $120 $120 $360
EarningsApril May June Total
Member A $10 $10 $10 $30Member B $0 $10 $10 $20Member C $0 $0 $10 $10
$10 $20 $30 $60
Quiz Answers
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 43
Chapter Rebates The amount of a chapter’s rebate is not determined based solely
on the number of members. The amount of a chapter’s rebate is
determined based on the net effect of the following factors:
Number of Members
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 44
Chapter Rebates The amount of a chapter’s rebate is not determined based solely
on the number of members. The amount of a chapter’s rebate is determined based on the net effect of the following factors:
Number of Members
Mix of Member Categories
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 45
Chapter Rebates The number of members in the various categories is
an important determinant in the amount of chapter dues revenue chapters actually will receive.
Chapter Chapter Chapter A B C
Category Rate Share # Members $ # Members $ # Members $Full Regular $160 $77.60 75 $5,820 50 $3,880 25 $1,940Transitional $80 $38.80 10 $388 25 $970 75 $2,910Student $40 $19.40 15 $291 25 $485 25 $485
Total Members 100 100 125Total Dollars $6,499 $5,335 $5,335
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 46
Chapter Rebates The amount of a chapter’s rebate is not determined based
solely on the number of members. The amount of a chapter’s rebate is determined based on the net effect of the following factors:
Number of Members
Mix of Member Categories
Member Payment Patterns
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 47
Chapter Rebates Chapters actual revenue is a function of the number of
members who actually pay, not the number of members.
Chapter A
Category Rate Share # Members Anticipated $ # Paying Members Actual $Full Regular $160 $77.60 75 $5,820 60 $4,656Transitional $80 $38.80 10 $388 9 $349Student $40 $19.40 15 $291 12 $233
Total Members 100 81Total Dollars $6,499 $5,238
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 48
Chapter Rebates Chapters actual revenue is a function of the number of
members who actually pay, not the number of members.
Chapter B
Category Rate Share # Members Anticipated $ # Paying Members Actual $Full Regular $160 $77.60 75 $5,820 50 $3,880Transitional $80 $38.80 10 $388 2 $78Student $40 $19.40 15 $291 15 $291
Total Members 100 67Total Dollars $6,499 $4,249
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 49
Chapter Rebates The amount of a chapter’s rebate is not determined
based solely on the number of members. The amount of a chapter’s rebate is determined based on the net effect of the following factors:
Number of Members
Mix of Member Categories
Member Payment Patterns
Member Payment Cycle
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 50
Chapter Rebates When members’ renewal date occurs impacts the
flow of revenue to chapters.
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TotalChapter A 6 10 13 8 7 5 49
$466 $776 $1,009 $621 $543 $388 $3,802Chapter B 5 12 8 13 5 6 49
$388 $931 $621 $1,009 $388 $466 $3,802
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 51
Chapter Rebates The amount of a chapter’s rebate is not determined
based solely on the number of members. The amount of a chapter’s rebate is determined based on the net effect of the following factors:
Number of Members
Mix of Member Categories
Member Payment Patterns
Member Payment Cycle
Number of Inactive Members
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 52
Chapter Rebates Chapters’ anticipated revenue is reduced in direct relation to
the number of inactive members
Chapter B
Category Rate Share # Members Anticipated $ # Paying Members Actual $Full Regular $160 $77.60 75 $5,820 50 $3,880Transitional $80 $38.80 10 $388 2 $78Student $40 $19.40 15 $291 15 $291
Total Members 100 67Total Dollars $6,499 $4,249
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 53
A Year in Review: Quarterly Fiduciary
Responsibilities
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 54
Fiduciary Responsibilities: First Quarter
Orient new board members to role in fiscal operating procedures.
Review chapter financial policies with new board
Board receives unaudited year end financial report
Board adopts charge to finance committee.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 55
Second Quarter
Audit and management letter presented by auditor or treasurer.
Board takes action to address concerns identified in management letter.
Has 990 tax form been filed? Review quarterly report presented by
Treasurer. Note any significant deviations from projections.
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Third Quarter
Review quarterly financial report by treasurer and note any significant deviation from projections.
What trends, if any, have developed during past six months?
Treasurer needs to review chapter’s budget development process and timetable.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 57
Fourth Quarter
Board reviews quarterly financial report presented by treasurer and note any significant deviations from projections.
Treasurer and finance committee should work with the executive director on cash flow and trends.
Treasurer presents the finance committee proposed budget.
Board reviews and adopts the budget.
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS 58
Questions
and
Answers