NATIONAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH

Industrial Revolution

• Early 1800s • machines replace hand tools. Large-scale

manufacturing replace farming as the main source of work.

• War of 1812 partly responsible – why? Americans are forced to make their own goods and not import due to blockade.

Factory System

• http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/videos/industrial-revolution

• brings workers and machines together under one roof. • need to build near source of water to power the

machines. • people leave farms in search of better life and more $. • NE is prime spot – lots of fast moving rivers• hired men/women/children; worked 12-15 hour days/6

days per week. Even so, still better opportunities than farm life offered

Interchangeable parts

• huge invention • makes goods cheaper - why? – Unskilled labor can be used– Cheaper to build

Eli Whitney

Whitney’s inventions

Cotton Gin• http://havefunwithhistory.com/movies/cottonGin.html• New machine increase amount a slave could clean up to 50 pounds/day. • $ increases from $22 million in 1820 to $200 million in 1830. • Saves dying cotton economy and makes cotton king. • Cotton kills the land quickly. • Always need new land to farm – one of the main reasons for the westward

movement in South – once find a way to make cotton profitable, all need is land and workers.

• Plenty of land – plenty of slaves. (spread to SC, GA, northern FL, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and TX)

• Because cotton is king, South ignores Industrial Revolution and lags behind in technology. Depends heavily on imports of tools and food from North and England.

• South trades with North and Europe – does not get $ for cotton; instead gets credit with which it can buy the manufactured goods it needs

Slavery in the South• Only about 1/3 of white families owned slaves in 1840. • Of the 1/3, only about 1/10 had large plantations w/ 20 or more slaves.

(i.e. if have 100 families; 33 have some slaves; 3 have more than 20)• White Southerners support slavery because slavery means $• Creates a social hierarchy in the South. • 1808 – became illegal to import Africans as slaves, so trade continues w/

American slaves. • Families become more and more split. • Leads to runaways (read “Runagate, Runagate” -

http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/237678) and rebellions. • Nat Turner and 70 followers kill 55 whites during one rebellion. • Leads to death of more than 200 African-Americans in retaliation. Fear

reigns on both sides.

James Madison’s Presidency

1815 –Madison (father of the Constitution) wants to create a plan to make the US self-

sufficient.

Henry Clay

Clay’s plan – The American System

• Helps to promote Nationalism. • Three parts:– Establish a protective tariff (tax on imported goods) to

make in more beneficial to buy American over foreign. What section of the US does this tariff benefit? Who does it hurt? SC threatens to secede for the first time in 1832

– Establish a national bank to promote a single currency. Becomes the Second Bank of the US

– Improve the country’s transportation system through roads and canals.

Transportation

Sectionalism

• Sectionalism becomes a factor because:– South focusing on slavery and cotton– North focusing on manufacturing and trade– West focuses on cheap land and good

transportation• All 3 want FEDERAL legislation to help their

section

Sectionalism – Part 2Clay’s American System under Monroe

“Improvements” under Jackson

North manufacturing and trade

Protective tariff – good; Improve transportation – good and bad

Sale of public lands – bad; Internal improvements - good

West cheap land and good transportation

Improve transportation – good

Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements - good

South slavery and cotton Protective tariff – badImprove transportation – bad

Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements – bad b/c funded by tariffs

James Monroe’s Presidency

1817-1825

James Monroe’s Presidency

Era of Good FeelingsMcCulloch v Maryland – can’t tax a federal bankGibbons v Ogden – federal government in charge of interstate commerce

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT becoming more powerful – worries men like Thomas Jefferson and the South in general (John C. Calhoun)

Acquisition of Florida

• Andrew Jackson – takes it by force• Monroe tells Spain – sell FL (and Oregon) to

US or protect it• Spain sells

Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Fear that the North will control the Federal Government and try to end slavery. Tremendous push to keep number of slave and free states equal so that Senate does not fall to the North as the House has done (Why?)

• Designed by Henry Clay• Missouri – slave• Maine – free• No more slavery in Territory NORTH of Missouri

Monroe Doctrine

• The AMERICAS (which include Canada, North, Latin and South Americas) closed to further colonization

• European efforts to reestablish colonies would be considered “dangerous to our peace and safety”

• US would stay out of European affairsISOLATIONIST ATTITUDE

John Quincy Adams’ Presidency

1825-1829

Tariff of Abomination

• JQ Adams – raised tariff on raw materials and manufactured goods (bad for S)

• Andrew Jackson elected president b/c S hates the tariff idea

• First time SC threatens to secede• John C. Calhoun – VP for Jackson – from SC

but doesn’t want SC to secede

Doctrine of Nullification (JCalhoun)

• If a state doesn’t like a federal law, doesn’t have to follow itGIVE STATES POWER

Calhoun wants Jackson’s support but Jackson doesn’t give it – supports the UNION AS ONE idea.Jackson on SC seceding “hang the first man of them I can get my hands on” – when Jackson runs a second time, no Calhoun as VP candidateHENRY CLAY – finds a compromise and lowers the tariff. SC doesn’t secede

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

1829-1837

Trail of Tears

• http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/akh10.socst.ush.exp.trail/trail-of-tears/

Trail of Tears

Lure of the West

• $• Resources• GOLD