National Adaptation Program of Actions to Climate … · National Adaptation Program of Actions to...
Transcript of National Adaptation Program of Actions to Climate … · National Adaptation Program of Actions to...
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National Adaptation Program of Actions
to Climate Change and
Agro-biodiversity Management in Nepal
Hari Dahal
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Kathmandu, Nepal
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Geography of the Country
• 26o22'N to 30o27'N latitude and 80o40'E to 88o12'E longitude
• Total area 147,181 km2
• Physiographic regions- Himalayas, High-mountains, Hills, Siwaliks,
and Terai
• Possesses high level of biodiversity at genetic, species and ecosystem levels
• More than 6000 river system
• Forest cover about 40% of the total area
• Total projected population 28.37 million.
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Physiographic Regions
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Physiographic Regions
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Ecological Diversity
India
China
terai
inner terai
siwalic
mahabharat
middle mountain
high mountain
the himalaya
tans-himalaya
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Climate of the Country1
• Four distinct seasons - pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter.
• Annual mean temp. 150C varying with altitude
• Average temp. rise by 0.060C/year (1971-1994) which is higher than the global average.
• Nepal experienced twelve warmest years from 1987 to 2008.
• Mean max. temp. in Terai decreased during winter season coincided with cold wave and foggy weather.
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Climate of the Country2
• Major rainfall due to monsoon (1800mm) in summer, and Mediterranean wind in winter
• Variation from 300mm trans-Himalaya to 5500mm in the central middle-mountain.
• Avg. increase in monsoon rain by 3mm/year (1976-2005), general increasing trend of monsoon rain except mid-western region (where is avg. decrease by 30mm/year).
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General Climate Change Impacts• Warmer days and nights; retreating snow lines,
• Decreasing water discharge in streams and
recharge in natural water stores; low water table
• Changing pattern of precipitation (form, season, intensity)
• Decreasing total number of rainy days
• Increasing drier days and receiving >100mm rain
• Precipitation, being erratic and ill timed
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Agriculture and Food Security
• Agri. contributes 33% to GDP and employs >65% workforce
• Paddy, maize, wheat, millet and barley share 75% of crop-area; paddy accounts for 50% of total grain production
• Cereal-foods availability (mt.) by eco-region (2010/2011)
Agriculture and Food Security (contd..)
• It was food secured until 1980s,
• From 1990s population outstripped the food
production,
• Out of 75 districts, 38 are food deficit (17 are
food unsecured) in 2010-11,
• 20 year Agriculture Perspective Plan (1995) was
under funded and agriculture lost priority in the
periodic plans.
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Agro Biodiversity Conservation Efforts in the Country1
• In situ management:
– identification/ replication of PGRFA
conservation practices including surveys,
– diversity analysis,
– community biodiversity registration/management
– seed bank; participatory plant breeding
– market promotion; food festivals
– agro-ecotourism.
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Agro biodiversity conservation efforts in
the country2
• Ex situ management:
– Int’l gene bank - CGIAR centers and others-
about 7000 accessions of crop germplasms
– National Agriculture Genetic Resource Centre
Nepal Agriculture Research Council – has
about 11,000 seed accessions of 90 crop
species
– Independent community seed banks -about
6000 accessions of crop variety seeds
• Information system development,NISM
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Impacts: Food Security and Agro-biodiversity1
• High impacts on agri.because of its being rain-fed,
• Agro-ecology impacts on crops and agro
biodiversity are visualized as:
– declined food and forage production,
– poor availability/ efficiency of water use
– degraded pasture/agricultural land,
– crop diversity loss, diseases/pests epidemics
– Increased in climate related risks and disasters
• rising temp would worsen the situations further
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Impacts: Food Security and Agro-biodiversity2
• NAPA also visualizes vulnerability, climate
induced water stresses, shifting agroeco-
zones, prolonged dry spells and higher
incidence of diseases/pests affecting
agricultural productivity.
• NAPA on biodiversity raised little concerns of
PGRFA.
• However, NAPA foresees changes posing a
threat to food security due to loss of some
local landraces and crops varieties.
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Policy Provisions to support Agrobiodiversity
• Nepal Biodiversity Strategy, 2002
• National Agriculture Policy, 2004
• Agro-biodiversity Policy 2007
• Climate Change Policy 2011
• National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) to
Climate Change 2010
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NAPA to Climate Change 2010
• GON has already endorsed NAPA doc
• NAPA vision - enabling to respond strategically to the challenges and opportunities due to climate change. the objectives are-– to assess/prioritize CC-vulnerabilities and identify
adaptation measures
– to develop proposals for priority activities
– to prepare, review and finalize the NAPA document
– to develop/maintain a knowledge management and learning platform
– to develop a multi-stakeholder framework of action on climate change
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NAPA to Climate Change 2010
• The project had three components and six TWGs
• A high level Climate Change Council stewarded by the PM and a Multi-stakeholder Climate Change Initiatives Coordination Committee (MCCICC) chaired by the secretary in the MOE instituted to coordinate climate change adaptation interventions with the MOE instrumental as focal ministry
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NAPA- Nine Profiled CC-Adaptation Priorities
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NAPA Identified Interventions in AB
– Sustainable soil/water management (including
org. farming and CBM), sustainable forest and
resource management, natural heritage
conservation and food security programs (profile 1);
– Agro-forestry development and adaptation
supports to forest user groups (profile 5);
– Supporting conservation/management focused
plans such as local adaptation, documentation of
indigenous knowledge (profile 7)
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Concluding Remarks1
• PGRFA are basis of food production, food security and livelihood
• Both in situ and ex situ conservation of PGRFA are important,
• Understanding/ assessing PGRFA diversity;, erosion and vulnerability;
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Concluding Remarks2
• Establishing database system and communication network; in/ex situ
conservation, legislative arrangement and capacity development are priority needs of agrobiodiversity related interventions.
• The NAPA is conducive. However, biodiversity management and utilization part of it is confined to forest management and protection approach.
Concluding Remarks
• Strengthening local, regional, and national information systems with agro biodiversity,
• Maintaining people’s indigenous knowledge on agro diversity,
• Developing appropriate institutional set up in MOAC,
• Policy Review on agro biodiversity to accommodate CC,
• Farmer’s access to financial resources, and helping
develop civil society networks for agro biodiversity.
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Thank You for Your Attention
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The NAPA Components and TWGs
NAPA Thematic Working Groups– Agriculture and food security (MoAC)
– Water resources and energy (MoEnergy)
– Forests and biodiversity (MoFSC)
– Public health (MoHP)
– Climate-induced disaster (MoHA)
– Urban settlements and infrastructure (Dept. of Urban Development and Building Construction)
The three NAPA components:
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National Agriculture Genetic Centre
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