NASA's First Year Progress with Fuel Cell Advanced Development … · 2019. 8. 30. · 0 0.002...
18
NASA's First Year Progress with Fuel Cell Advanced Development in Support of the Exploration Vision Mark A. Hoberecht NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 216-433-5362, [email protected] Abstract. NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), in collaboration with Johnson Space Center (JSC), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and industry partners, is leading a proton- exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) advanced development effort to support the vision for Exploration. This effort encompasses the fuel cell portion of the Energy Storage Project under the Exploration Technology Development Program, and is directed at multiple power levels for both primary and regenerative fuel cell systems. The major emphasis is the replacement of active mechanical ancillary components with passive components in order to reduce mass and parasitic power requirements, and to improve system reliability. A dual approach directed at both flow-through and non flow-through PEMFC system technologies is underway. A brief overview of the overall PEMFC project and its constituent tasks will be presented, along with in-depth technical accomplishments for the past year. Future potential technology development paths will also be discussed. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070017897 2019-08-30T00:46:31+00:00Z
Transcript of NASA's First Year Progress with Fuel Cell Advanced Development … · 2019. 8. 30. · 0 0.002...
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NASA's First Year Progress with Fuel Cell Advanced Development in Support of the Exploration Vision
Mark A. Hoberecht
NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 216-433-5362, [email protected]
Abstract. NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), in collaboration with Johnson Space Center (JSC), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and industry partners, is leading a proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) advanced development effort to support the vision for Exploration. This effort encompasses the fuel cell portion of the Energy Storage Project under the Exploration Technology Development Program, and is directed at multiple power levels for both primary and regenerative fuel cell systems. The major emphasis is the replacement of active mechanical ancillary components with passive components in order to reduce mass and parasitic power requirements, and to improve system reliability. A dual approach directed at both flow-through and non flow-through PEMFC system technologies is underway. A brief overview of the overall PEMFC project and its constituent tasks will be presented, along with in-depth technical accomplishments for the past year. Future potential technology development paths will also be discussed.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070017897 2019-08-30T00:46:31+00:00Z
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1
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iona
l Aer
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e Ad
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NA
SA
's F
irst Y
ear P
rogr
ess
with
Fue
l Cel
l A
dvan
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Dev
elop
men
t in
Sup
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Gle
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ropu
lsio
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chno
logi
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nd S
yste
ms
Febr
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h , 20
07
-
2
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iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
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e Ad
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Ene
rgy
Sto
rage
Pro
ject
•E
xplo
ratio
n Te
chno
logy
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
gram
(E
TDP
) –
Focu
sed
tech
nolo
gy d
evel
opm
ent p
rogr
am th
at a
ddre
ss
criti
cal t
echn
olog
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eas
requ
ired
to im
plem
ent t
he V
isio
n fo
r Exp
lora
tion
•E
nerg
y S
tora
ge P
roje
ct –
Add
ress
es B
atte
ries
and
Fuel
Cel
ls•
Fuel
Cel
l App
licat
ions
–Lu
nar P
recu
rsor
and
Rob
otic
Pro
gram
(LP
RP
) –
Luna
r Sur
face
Acc
ess
Mod
ule
(LS
AM
)–
Rov
ers
and
habi
tats
–S
urfa
ce b
ases
•Te
chno
logy
dev
elop
men
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achi
eve
TRL
6 -p
hase
d to
mee
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hnol
ogy
inse
rtion
dat
es
-
3
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iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spac
e Ad
min
istra
tion
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Fuel
Cel
l Tea
m O
verv
iew
•N
AS
A/In
dust
ry/A
cade
mia
Par
tner
ship
–N
AS
A C
ente
rs –
GR
C (l
ead)
, JS
C, J
PL,
KS
C–
Indu
stry
–Lo
ckhe
ed M
artin
–G
rant
s –
Texa
s A
&M
–
SB
IRs
–In
finity
Fue
l Cel
l and
Hyd
roge
n, In
c;
Ele
ctro
Che
m, I
nc; D
istri
bute
d E
nerg
y S
yste
ms;
G
iner
, Inc
-
4
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iona
l Aer
onau
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and
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e Ad
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istra
tion
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Fuel
Cel
ls fo
r Exp
lora
tion
Mis
sion
s
•Fu
el c
ells
/Reg
ener
ativ
e fu
el c
ells
–en
ablin
g fo
r E
xplo
ratio
n su
rface
pow
er–
Pot
able
wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n –
Ena
ble
long
er m
issi
on d
urat
ions
than
bat
terie
s–
RFC
’s e
nabl
ing
for n
ear-
term
impl
emen
tatio
n of
sto
rage
for
base
pow
er –
com
bine
d w
ith P
V
•N
AS
A P
EM
fuel
cel
l dev
elop
men
t effo
rt le
vera
ges
com
mer
cial
tech
nolo
gy d
evel
opm
ent
•U
niqu
e N
AS
A fu
el c
ell r
equi
rem
ents
com
pare
d to
te
rres
trial
sys
tem
s–
Pur
e ox
ygen
as
oxid
ant (
vers
us a
ir)–
Pro
duct
wat
er s
epar
atio
n an
d re
mov
al in
a m
ulti-
grav
ity
envi
ronm
ent (
zero
-g in
spa
ce, m
ultip
le-g
’s d
urin
g la
unch
/land
ing)
-
5
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iona
l Aer
onau
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e Ad
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istra
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Fuel
Cel
ls fo
r Exp
lora
tion
Mis
sion
s
•Th
ree
clas
ses
of fu
el c
ells
orig
inal
ly p
lann
ed fo
r E
xplo
ratio
n m
issi
ons
−<
1-kW
fuel
cel
ls−
~ 8-
kW fu
el c
ells
−25
-kW
RFC
s
•In
itial
fuel
cel
l effo
rt di
rect
ed a
t 1-1
0 kW
pow
er ra
nge
–C
ompl
ete
PE
MFC
pow
er p
lant
dev
elop
men
t–
Par
alle
l app
roac
h di
rect
ed a
t bot
h flo
w-th
roug
h an
d no
n flo
w-
thro
ugh
PE
M fu
el c
ell s
yste
ms
–M
ajor
em
phas
is o
n re
plac
ing
activ
e m
echa
nica
l anc
illar
y co
mpo
nent
s w
ith p
assi
ve c
ompo
nent
s–
Gen
eric
PE
M te
chno
logy
dev
elop
men
t effo
rts a
pplic
able
to
both
prim
ary
and
rege
nera
tive
fuel
cel
ls
-
6
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iona
l Aer
onau
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and
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Eng
inee
ring
Mod
el D
evel
opm
ent
•C
ompl
etio
n of
effo
rt in
itiat
ed in
200
1 to
cap
italiz
e on
P
EM
FC a
dvan
tage
s ov
er a
lkal
ine
tech
nolo
gy
•Le
vera
ged
adva
nces
from
com
mer
cial
sec
tor w
ith
focu
s on
requ
irem
ents
for s
pace
app
licat
ions
–O
pera
tion
with
pur
e ox
ygen
as
oxid
ant,
rath
er th
an a
ir–
Wat
er m
anag
emen
t (re
mov
al &
sep
arat
ion)
in m
ulti-
grav
ity
envi
ronm
ent
•C
ulm
inat
ed in
dev
elop
men
t of 2
-12
KW
Eng
inee
ring
Mod
el p
ower
pla
nt
-
7
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iona
l Aer
onau
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e Ad
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Tele
dyne
Eng
inee
ring
Mod
elP
ower
Pla
nt S
peci
ficat
ions
Pow
er R
ange
2-
12 k
WO
pera
ting
Vol
tage
27-
33 V
DC
Num
ber o
f Cel
ls11
739
Ser
ies
Cel
ls/S
ubst
ack
3 S
ubst
acks
in P
aral
lel
Cel
l Act
ive
Are
a30
2 cm
2
Nom
inal
Pow
er6
kWN
omin
al V
olta
ge30
VD
CN
omin
al C
urre
nt20
0 A
mps
Pea
k P
ower
12 k
WTe
ledy
ne E
ngin
eerin
g M
odel
Engi
neer
ing
Mod
el s
ucce
ssfu
lly
met
all
perf
orm
ance
goa
ls e
xcep
t sy
stem
wei
ght –
25%
ove
r.
-
8
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iona
l Aer
onau
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and
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e Ad
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istra
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•E
ngin
eerin
g M
odel
pow
er p
lant
del
iver
ed to
NA
SA
for
inde
pend
ent t
estin
g–
Mul
tiple
load
pro
files
–P
olar
izat
ion
curv
es–
Sta
rt-up
and
shu
t-dow
n te
stin
g–
Mis
sion
pro
file
test
s–
Lim
ited
endu
ranc
e te
stin
g –
Mul
tiple
orie
ntat
ion
test
ing
–Lo
ss-o
f-coo
lant
test
s–
Env
ironm
enta
l tes
ting
•C
ompl
eted
maj
ority
of t
estin
g be
fore
incu
rrin
g re
gula
tor f
ailu
re–
Fund
ing
limita
tions
and
tech
nolo
gy s
tatu
s le
d to
dec
isio
n to
te
rmin
ate
test
ing
prog
ram
prio
r to
com
plet
ion
of e
nviro
nmen
tal
test
ing
Eng
inee
ring
Mod
el D
evel
opm
ent T
estin
g
-
9
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iona
l Aer
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Perf
orm
ance
Loa
d Pr
ofile
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
01
23
45
67
89
Tim
e (
Hr)
0100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Current (A)
Sta
ck V
oltag
e "B
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "C
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "A
"Curr
ent
"B"
Curr
ent
"C"
Curr
ent
"A"
Per
form
ance
Loa
d P
rofil
eVoltage (V) En
gine
erin
g M
odel
per
form
ance
is in
depe
nden
t of s
patia
l orie
ntat
ion.
-
10
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iona
l Aer
onau
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e Ad
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istra
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Tran
sien
t Per
form
ance
Tra
nsi
en
t P
erf
orm
an
ce
51
Am
ps
to 3
57
Am
ps
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
00.0
02
0.0
04
0.0
06
0.0
08
0.0
10.0
12
Tim
e (
Sec)
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Current (A)
Sta
ck V
oltag
e "C
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "B
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "A
"Curr
ent
"C"
Curr
ent
"B"
Curr
ent
"A"
Tra
nsi
en
t P
erf
orm
an
ce
35
7 A
mp
s to
51
Am
ps
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
00.0
02
0.0
04
0.0
06
0.0
08
0.0
10.0
12
Tim
e (
Sec)
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Current (A)
Sta
ck V
oltag
e "C
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "B
"Sta
ck V
oltag
e "A
"Curr
ent
"C"
Curr
ent
"B"
Curr
ent
"A"
51 A
mps
to 3
57 A
mps
357
Am
ps to
51
Am
ps
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
Engi
neer
ing
Mod
el c
an a
chie
ve s
tabl
e op
erat
ion
in le
ss
than
a m
illis
econ
d af
ter e
xper
ienc
ing
larg
e in
crea
ses
(7X)
or
dec
reas
es (7
x) in
the
pow
er lo
ad.
-
11
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iona
l Aer
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e Ad
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Eng
inee
ring
Mod
el D
evel
opm
ent S
umm
ary
•Te
ledy
ne E
ngin
eerin
g M
odel
–flo
w-th
roug
h sy
stem
de
sign
•S
ucce
ssfu
l dev
elop
men
t of f
uel c
ell c
apab
le o
f op
erat
ion
in m
ultip
le g
ravi
ty e
nviro
nmen
ts w
ith p
ure
oxyg
en a
s ox
idan
t•
Sup
erio
r fue
l cel
l sta
ck p
erfo
rman
ce•
Bal
ance
-of-p
lant
com
plex
, hea
vy a
nd u
nrel
iabl
e–
Sus
cept
ible
to a
ctiv
e an
cilla
ry c
ompo
nent
failu
res
•P
rovi
des
dire
ctio
n fo
r pre
sent
par
alle
l dev
elop
men
t ef
forts
–
Pas
sive
com
pone
nts
for f
low
-thro
ugh
syst
em te
chno
logy
–N
on-fl
ow-th
roug
h sy
stem
con
cept
s th
at e
limin
ate
anci
llary
co
mpo
nent
s
-
12
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iona
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O2
H2O
H2O
H2O
pum
p
activ
e w
ater
se
para
tor
cool
ant
H2O
MEA
H2Act
ive
Anc
illar
y C
ompo
nent
s
Flow
-Thr
ough
PE
M F
uel C
ells
Pass
ive
Anc
illar
y C
ompo
nent
s
O2
inje
ctor
/ej
ecto
r
pass
ive
wat
er
sepa
rato
rco
olan
t
H2O
MEA
H2
H2O
H2O
H2O
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13
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
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e Ad
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istra
tion
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Flow
-Thr
ough
PE
MFC
Dev
elop
men
t Effo
rts
•R
epla
ce a
ctiv
e co
mpo
nent
s w
ith p
assi
ve c
ompo
nent
s–
Four
wat
er s
epar
atio
n de
vice
s un
der i
nves
tigat
ion
•Tw
o m
embr
ane
sepa
rato
rs, m
enis
cus
sepa
rato
r, an
d vo
rtex
sepa
rato
r–
Two
reac
tant
reci
rcul
atio
n sc
hem
es u
nder
inve
stig
atio
n•
Wat
er s
epar
ator
ups
tream
or d
owns
tream
of i
njec
tor/e
ject
or
•O
ptim
izat
ion
of m
ulti-
kW s
tack
tech
nolo
gy
–M
ass
–V
olta
ge p
erfo
rman
ce
•D
owns
ize
for s
ub-k
W m
issi
on a
pplic
atio
ns
Rep
lace
men
t of a
ctiv
e m
echa
nica
l anc
illar
y co
mpo
nent
s w
ith
pass
ive
com
pone
nts
is th
e m
ost c
ritic
al s
tep
in a
ddre
ssin
g th
e de
ficie
ncie
s of
exi
stin
g flo
w-th
roug
h PE
MFC
sys
tem
tech
nolo
gy.
-
14
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iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
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e Ad
min
istra
tion
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Non
Flo
w-T
hrou
gh P
EM
FC D
evel
opm
ent E
fforts
•P
hase
II S
BIR
s–
Elim
inat
es n
eed
for r
eact
ant r
ecirc
ulat
ion
and
sepa
ratio
n of
pro
duct
wat
er–
Sev
eral
sta
ck d
eliv
erie
s in
FY
’07
•P
aral
lel N
AS
A in
-hou
se b
alan
ce-o
f-pla
nt
deve
lopm
ent m
atch
ed to
sta
ck
char
acte
ristic
s; re
sults
in to
tally
au
tono
mou
s sy
stem
s•
Pot
entia
l to
elim
inat
e al
mos
t all
anci
llary
co
mpo
nent
s an
d de
velo
p a
syst
em w
ith
the
sim
plic
ity o
f a b
atte
ry
H2O
H2O
H2O O
2
cool
ant
H2O
MEA
H2
Elim
inat
es a
ncill
ary
com
pone
nts
Non
flow
-thro
ugh
PEM
FC s
yste
ms
offe
r the
mos
t pro
mis
e fo
r fut
ure
Expl
orat
ion
mis
sion
s.
-
15
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
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e Ad
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istra
tion
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Gen
eric
PE
MFC
Dev
elop
men
t Effo
rts
•U
nive
rsal
ly a
pplic
able
to fl
ow-th
roug
h, n
on fl
ow-th
roug
h,
fuel
cel
l and
RFC
sys
tem
s–
Hig
h-pe
rform
ance
ME
A’s
with
goa
l of m
atch
ing
or e
xcee
ding
al
kalin
e fu
el c
ell p
erfo
rman
ce–
Pas
sive
ther
mal
man
agem
ent t
echn
ique
s ut
ilizi
ng fl
at-p
late
hea
t pi
pes
to a
llow
elim
inat
ion
of a
n ad
ditio
nal a
ctiv
e co
mpo
nent
(c
oola
nt p
ump)
-
16
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iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
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e Ad
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istra
tion
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PE
MFC
Fun
ding
Cha
lleng
es•
Exi
stin
g E
TDP
fund
ing
prof
iles
allo
w s
ub-k
W fu
el c
ell
syst
em d
evel
opm
ent t
o re
ach
TRL-
6 by
201
2; m
ulti-
kW
by 2
014
–A
ny re
quire
d ac
cele
ratio
n in
thes
e ne
ed d
ates
will
requ
ire o
ver-
guid
elin
e fu
ndin
g au
gmen
tatio
n
•E
xist
ing
ETD
P fu
ndin
g pr
ofile
s do
not
allo
w a
ddre
ssin
g su
b-kW
RFC
sys
tem
dev
elop
men
t unt
il FY
’10;
reac
hing
TR
L-6
by 2
014
–A
ny re
quire
d ac
cele
ratio
n in
this
nee
d da
te w
ill a
lso
requ
ire
over
-gui
delin
e fu
ndin
g au
gmen
tatio
n
•A
s te
chno
logy
nee
d da
tes
shift
dow
nstre
am, t
he
likel
ihoo
d th
at n
on fl
ow-th
roug
h P
EM
FC te
chno
logy
will
ca
tch
up to
flow
-thro
ugh
PE
MFC
tech
nolo
gy in
crea
ses
–R
esul
ts in
ligh
ter w
eigh
t, si
mpl
er, m
ore
relia
ble
syst
ems
-
17
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spac
e Ad
min
istra
tion
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
•C
ritic
al d
evel
opm
ent p
roje
ct n
eede
d to
ens
ure
the
avai
labi
lity
of e
nabl
ing
fuel
cel
l and
RFC
tech
nolo
gy
for t
he V
isio
n fo
r Exp
lora
tion
•S
ucce
ssfu
lly d
emon
stra
ted
oper
atio
n w
ith p
ure
oxyg
en in
mul
tiple
orie
ntat
ions
–S
uper
ior f
uel c
ell s
tack
per
form
ance
–B
alan
ce-o
f-pla
nt a
ctiv
e an
cilla
ry c
ompo
nent
lim
itatio
ns
•P
rese
nt p
rogr
am d
irect
ion
–In
vest
igat
e m
ultip
le c
andi
date
pas
sive
com
pone
nts
to
repl
ace
activ
e co
mpo
nent
s in
flow
-thro
ugh
PE
MFC
sys
tem
s–
Pur
sue
deve
lopm
ent o
f mul
tiple
non
flow
-thou
gh P
EM
FC
stac
k an
d pa
ssiv
e ba
lanc
e-of
-pla
nt te
chno
logy
–C
ontin
ue g
ener
ic P
EM
FC d
evel
opm
ent i
n ar
eas
of M
EA
san
d pa
ssiv
e th
erm
al m
anag
emen
t tec
hniq
ues
Fuel
Cel
ls fo
r Exp
lora
tion
Mis
sion
s S
umm
ary
