NA

SA

RFI

D A

pplic

atio

nsP

atric

k W

. Fin

k, P

h.D

.A

pril

19, 2

007

•P

atric

k Fi

nk, P

h.D

.•

Tim

othy

Ken

nedy

, Ph.

D.

•A

nne

Pow

ers

•Y

asse

r Har

idi

•A

ndre

w C

hu•

Gre

g Li

n•

Hes

ter Y

im•

Ken

t Bye

rly, P

h.D

. (Sp

atia

l Ac

uity

)•

Ric

hard

Bar

ton,

Ph.

D.

•M

icha

el K

haya

t, Ph

.D.

•G

eorg

e S

tudo

r•

Rob

ert B

roca

to(S

andi

aN

atio

nal L

abor

ator

ies)

•P

hong

Ngo

•G

. D. A

rndt

, Ph.

D.

•Ju

lia G

ross

•C

hau

Pha

n•

Dav

id N

i, P

h.D

.•

Ric

hard

Bar

ton,

Ph.

D.

•Jo

hn D

usl

•K

ent D

ekom

e

Con

trib

utor

s

•In

vent

ory

man

agem

ent i

n sp

ace

–A

pollo

, Spa

ce S

huttl

e, S

pace

Sta

tion

•P

oten

tial R

FID

use

s in

a re

mot

e hu

man

out

post

•U

ltra-

Wid

eban

d R

FID

for T

rack

ing

•P

assi

ve, w

irele

ss s

enso

rs in

NA

SA

app

licat

ions

–M

icro

met

eoro

id im

pact

det

ectio

n–

Sen

sor m

easu

rem

ents

in e

nviro

nmen

tal f

acili

ties

•E

-text

iles

for w

irele

ss a

nd R

FID

Out

line

Top

leve

l sto

wag

e dr

awin

g sh

owin

g C

omm

and

Mod

ule

stow

age

layo

ut

Sam

ple

tabl

e of

item

s co

ntai

ned

in m

odul

ar c

onta

iner

loca

tions

–us

ed to

layo

ut v

ehic

le a

nd tr

ain

crew

s on

item

loca

tions

(Ref

eren

ce A

pollo

Exp

erie

nce

Rep

ort:

Cre

w S

tatio

n In

tegr

atio

n -S

tow

age

& th

e S

uppo

rt Te

am C

once

pt, 1

972)

Apo

llo In

vent

ory

Con

cept

Shut

tle In

vent

ory

Con

cept

(non

-Tra

nsfe

r to

ISS)

•C

rew

is p

rovi

ded

hard

cop

y of

item

s lis

ted

by lo

catio

n (n

o pa

rt nu

mbe

rs, s

eria

l nu

mbe

rs, e

tc.,

prov

ided

) •

Cre

w a

lso

has

the

abilit

y to

look

item

s up

in la

ptop

dat

abas

e, b

ut o

ften

requ

ests

ite

m lo

catio

ns fr

om M

issi

on C

ontro

l

(Ref

eren

ce S

TS-1

09 F

DF

Flig

ht S

uppl

emen

t)

Cur

rent

ISS

Inve

ntor

y C

once

pt

•Th

e In

vent

ory

Man

agem

ent S

yste

m (I

MS

) is

used

to tr

ack

item

s on

the

ISS

–H

andh

eld

barc

ode

read

er is

use

d by

the

crew

for q

uick

on-

site

upd

ates

•D

ata

from

the

barc

ode

read

er m

ay b

e pa

ssed

to th

e on

boar

d IM

S d

atab

ase

by R

F or

ser

ial h

ardl

ine

conn

ectio

n to

the

lapt

op•

Expe

ditio

n 15

will

use

the

new

PD

As

to a

cces

s IM

S a

nd p

erfo

rm b

arco

de s

cans

.–

IMS

sof

twar

e ap

plic

atio

n is

use

d fo

r com

plex

upd

ates

•

Man

ual c

rew

ent

ries

into

onb

oard

dat

abas

e on

lapt

op•

Flig

ht c

ontro

l tea

m e

ntrie

s in

to g

roun

d da

taba

se–

Dat

abas

es a

re s

ynch

roni

zed

by u

plin

king

and

dow

nlin

king

“Del

ta F

iles”

ISS

Sham

poo

with

tag

Tim

e D

omai

n Si

gnal

(tag

on

sham

poo)

Puls

es c

onta

inID

cod

e

Spac

e St

atio

n R

FID

Tes

t 200

8

•O

bjec

tives

:–

fligh

t cer

tify

a co

mm

erci

al R

FID

inte

rroga

tor a

nd ta

gs–

dem

onst

rate

RFI

D in

vent

ory

of c

rew

item

s an

d of

fice

supp

lies

at

bag

and

item

leve

l

RFI

D –

Luna

r Out

post

•H

igh

prob

abili

ty a

pplic

atio

ns

–In

vent

ory

man

agem

ent

•C

rew

sup

plie

s (e

.g.,

pers

onal

item

s, o

ffice

su

pplie

s, c

loth

ing)

•Fo

od, m

edic

ine

–R

eal-T

ime

Loca

lizat

ion

•E

VA

tool

s, e

quip

men

t

–M

onito

ring/

verif

ying

inte

r-ha

bita

t sup

ply

trans

fers

–“B

oney

ard”

inve

ntor

y•

Rea

l-tim

e ac

cess

to s

urpl

us p

arts

•S

mar

t tag

and

oth

er p

oten

tial a

pplic

atio

ns

–M

onito

r too

l exp

osur

e lim

its a

nd p

rovi

de

war

ning

s (e

.g.,

tem

pera

ture

ext

rem

es,

shoc

ks)

–S

tora

ge o

f cal

ibra

tion

info

rmat

ion

on

sens

ors,

LR

Us

–P

assi

ve ta

g tra

ckin

g

Exa

mpl

e: p

assi

ve C

OTS

tag

with

64

bit

ID c

ode,

tem

pera

ture

and

rang

e te

lem

etry

•E

valu

ate

UW

B-R

FID

sys

tem

Sap

phire

DA

RT

•C

usto

miz

e th

e sy

stem

and

enh

ance

the

tra

ckin

g pe

rform

ance

Act

ive

UW

B R

FID

for T

rack

ing

App

licat

ions

•La

bora

tory

test

con

figur

atio

n fo

r Sap

phire

DA

RT

Rx

1

Proc

essi

ng H

ub Ref

eren

ce

Tag

Asse

t Ta

g #

1

Asse

t Ta

g #

2

Rx

2Rx

3

Rx

4

y

x

Cros

s-ov

er

Ethe

rnet

Ca

ble

UW

B P

reci

sion

Tra

ckin

g

•U

WB

TD

OA

hig

h re

solu

tion

prox

imity

trac

king

fo

r rob

onau

t–

Theo

retic

al a

naly

sis

and

sim

ulat

ion

for T

DO

A

prox

imity

app

licat

ions

–La

b te

sts

show

sub

-inch

trac

king

reso

lutio

n

UW

B P

reci

sion

Tra

ckin

g

Whe

re p

ossi

ble,

no-

batte

ries

Red

uces

wire

, cre

w ti

me,

cer

tific

atio

n co

sts,

wei

ght,

pow

er, a

nd s

ize

Num

erou

s co

ncei

vabl

e ap

plic

atio

ns

Pass

ive,

Wire

less

Sen

sors

Inte

rrog

ator

Pote

ntia

l app

licat

ions

for

wire

less

ice

sens

or s

yste

m

64-b

it S

AW

-bas

ed C

OTS

RFI

D ta

g

Pass

ive

sens

or a

rray

s (e

nlar

ged)

Ice

sens

or

8-bi

t SA

W-b

ased

CO

TS R

FID

tag

AirG

ATE

Tec

hnol

ogie

s /

CTR

tag

•70

MH

z S

AW

-bas

ed s

enso

rs

–G

. Stu

dor (

JSC

), R

. Bro

cato

(SN

L), e

t al

•K

ey a

dvan

tage

: int

egra

tes

exis

ting

sens

or ty

pes

into

pas

sive

, wire

less

sy

stem

•Ta

rget

ed a

pplic

atio

n:

mic

rom

eteo

roid

impa

ct d

etec

tion

•R

equi

res

effic

ient

, min

iatu

rized

an

tenn

asAnt

enna

s fo

r HF

SAW

Sen

sor S

yste

m

Bro

ad B

and

MM

OD

Im

pact

RF

Ene

rgy

RF

Ant

enna

C

omm

unic

atio

n

Inte

rrog

ator

U

nit

HF

Ant

enna

s

Sig

nific

ant s

ize

redu

ctio

n of

the

ante

nna

Hal

f-wav

e di

pole

(0.5λ 0

, 2.1

4m)

Min

iatu

rized

spi

ral-l

oade

d sl

ot a

nten

na &

gro

und

plan

e (0

.07λ

0x

0.11λ 0

, 0.3

m x

0.4

6m)

Hab

itat w

alls

are

ele

ctric

ally

con

duct

ive

–C

anno

t use

wire

ant

enna

dire

ctly

aga

inst

con

duct

ing

wal

l–

Inte

grat

ion

of m

inia

turiz

ed H

F an

tenn

a w

ith h

abita

t wal

lsE

-text

ile a

nten

nas

EIG

ER

Sim

ulat

ion

HF

Pass

ive

Sens

or A

nten

nas

Pro

toty

pe 4

(45.

7cm

x 3

0.5c

m x

0.3

2cm

)

•M

inia

ture

Spi

ral-L

oade

d Sl

ot A

nten

na

2.5%

BW

Gai

n >

-5dB

i

Hab

itat M

odul

e In

terr

ogat

or-to

-Tag

Cou

plin

g

Cou

plin

g be

twee

n tw

o 70

MH

z an

tenn

as–

Rec

eive

d po

wer

leve

ls a

t diff

eren

t loc

atio

ns in

the

moc

kup

–M

odel

effe

cts

of b

lock

age

with

equ

ipm

ent i

n ha

bita

t mod

ule

NA

SA U

se o

f 2.4

ISM

SA

W-B

ased

RFI

D

Cou

rtesy

RFS

AW

, Inc

.

Cou

rtesy

AirG

ATE

Tec

hnol

ogie

s

•S

patia

l div

ersi

ty th

roug

h ad

aptiv

e di

gita

l be

amfo

rmin

g

Net

wor

k A

naly

zer

Ada

ptiv

e D

igita

l B

eam

form

ing

and

Sig

nal P

roce

ssin

g......

RF

Sw

itch

Mat

rix

Net

wor

k A

naly

zer......

RF

Sw

itch

Mat

rix

Net

wor

k A

naly

zer

......

RF

Col

lisio

n A

void

ance

Met

hods

~ 80

’45

’

40’

JSC

Cha

mbe

r A P

assi

ve, W

irele

ss S

enso

rs (C

HA

PS)

•C

ham

ber A

: Vac

uum

and

The

rmal

C

ycle

Tes

ting

of F

light

Har

dwar

e

•O

bjec

tive:

repl

ace

wire

d th

erm

al

and

pres

sure

sen

sors

with

w

irele

ss s

enso

rs–

Red

uces

set

up ti

me

betw

een

vehi

cle

conf

igur

atio

n ch

ange

s

•S

tage

: fea

sibi

lity

asse

ssm

ent

•Th

erm

al li

mit

cold

sid

e: 2

0K

•A

pplic

atio

ns fo

r vib

ratio

n an

d ac

oust

ic fa

cilit

ies

are

also

bei

ng

expl

ored

App

roxi

mat

e di

men

sion

s

72-E

lem

ent,

S-B

and,

Ada

ptiv

e, D

igita

l B

eam

form

ing

for T

ag In

terr

ogat

ion

Envi

ronm

enta

l Fac

ility

Wire

less

Sen

sors

JSC

Cha

mbe

r A

(Vac

uum

& T

herm

al C

ycle

)

•A

dapt

ive

inte

rrog

atio

n of

wire

less

tem

pera

ture

and

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

s•

Goa

ls: T

low

= 20

K; 1

000s

of T

-sen

sors

; 100

s of

P-s

enso

rs

Ant

enna

Sys

tem

App

roac

h

•N

o ac

tive

sens

or s

yste

m e

lem

ents

insi

de th

e ch

ambe

r

•A

dapt

ive

digi

tal b

eam

form

ing

offe

rs m

any

desi

gn d

egre

es o

f fre

edom

–Th

e sy

stem

can

lear

n op

timal

cha

nnel

wei

ghtin

g co

effic

ient

s pr

ior t

o co

mm

ence

men

t of t

ests

•In

terr

ogat

or a

pertu

re:

–S

mal

l tra

nsm

it ap

ertu

re -

atte

mpt

to m

inim

ize

trans

mit

dire

ctiv

ity

–La

rge

rece

ive

aper

ture

–hi

gh d

irect

ivity

for s

patia

l div

ersi

ty

•A

dditi

onal

col

lisio

n av

oida

nce

obta

ined

thro

ugh:

–po

lariz

atio

n di

visi

on a

nd c

ode

divi

sion

Smal

l Tra

nsm

it A

pert

ure

for B

road

Illu

min

atio

n

tags

Tran

smitt

er /

rece

iver

•D

igita

l sam

ples

on

each

re

ceiv

e el

emen

t

•B

eam

s ar

e fo

rmed

di

gita

lly–

num

ber o

f sim

ulta

neou

s be

ams

limite

d on

ly b

y ex

tern

al p

roce

ssor

s

•A

ll ta

gs w

ithin

tran

smit

beam

are

read

by

mul

tiple

, sim

ulta

neou

s re

ceiv

e be

ams

Larg

e R

ecei

ve A

pert

ure

for S

patia

l Div

ersi

ty

Tran

smitt

er /

rece

iver

-90

-75

-60

-45

-30

-15

015

30

45

60

75

90-4

0-3

5-3

5

-30

-30

-25

-25

-20

-20

-15

-15

-10

-10

-5

-5-4

0-4

05

5

10

10

8 El

emen

t Sch

elku

noff

Arr

ayPa

tch

wid

th =

4.1

4 cm

Subs

trat

e th

ickn

ess

= .4

45cm

Elem

ent s

paci

ng:

d

= .6

2λ

Cha

mbe

rSi

mul

atio

nTa

g 5

Exam

ple

of S

patia

l Div

ersi

ty: S

chel

kuno

ff ar

ray

Bea

mfo

rmin

g an

d Te

mpe

ratu

re S

enso

r Dem

o

9dB 5d

B

AirG

ATE

Tec

hnol

ogie

s /

CTR

tag

+ sl

ot a

nten

na

-180

-150

-120

-90

-60

-30

030

6090

120

150

180

θ(d

)

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10-50510 RHCP Gain (dBic)

4.0

GH

zC

oppe

rFa

bric

Sim

ulat

ion

Con

duct

ive

fabr

ic c

ircui

ts a

nd a

nten

nas

can

be

man

ufac

ture

d in

an

art-t

o-pa

rt pr

oces

s (e

.g.,

see

NA

SA

MS

C-2

4332

, DA

RP

A e

fforts

)

Per

form

ance

can

be

indi

stin

guis

habl

e fro

m

conv

entio

nal c

ount

erpa

rts fo

r man

y ci

rcui

ts, i

nclu

ding

R

F/m

icro

wav

e ci

rcui

ts a

nd a

nten

nas

–E

quia

ngul

ar s

pira

l –

Mic

rost

rip p

atch

ant

enna

s–

Qua

drat

ure

hybr

id c

oupl

er

E-Te

xtile

s fo

r Wire

less

& R

FID