NASA Guide to Graduate€¦ · NASA Guide to Graduate (NASA-EP-314) THE 1995 NASA GUIDE TO GRADUATE...

National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

Office of Human Resourcesand EducationEducation Division

Educational Program

Students University

1995

NASA

Guide to

Graduate

(NASA-EP-314) THE 1995 NASA GUIDETO GRADUATE SUPPORT (NASA) 112 p

N96-16599

Unclas

G3/99 0065497

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960009433 2020-04-15T18:04:13+00:00Z

About the Cover:Astronaut Harrison ("Jack") Schmittcollects samples of a huge boulder inthe Moon's Littrow Valley during theApollo 17 Mission in December 1972.This region is one of the most ruggedand scenic visited by the six landingsof the Apollo Program. Beyond thelarge boulder is the flat floor of theLittrow Valley, covered by dark marematerial Gava flows). Beyond theValley are the Taurus Mountains, madeup of older highly cratered highlandrocks. The Lunar Rover, used by theastronauts to explore the surface, isvisible to the right of the rock.

1995NASAGuide toGraduateSupport

NASA HeadquartersOffice of Human Resources and EducationEducation DivisionHigher Education BranchWashington, DC 20546

EP-314September 1994

Table of Contents

Section I — General Information 1

Introduction 2Program Summaries 3Summary of NASA Research areas 5NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Administrators 9Administrative Procedures 10Preparation of Proposal 12Submission of Proposal 13

Section n — NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program

Areas of Research Activities at NASA Facilities 21NASA Headquarters 22

Office of Space Science 22Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications 23Office of Mission to Planet Earth 24

Ames Research Center 26Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Facility 32Goddard Space Flight Center 34Jet Propulsion Laboratory 45Lyndon B.Johnson Space Center 53John F. Kennedy Space Center 58Langley Research Center 60Lewis Research Center 66George C. Marshall Space Flight Center 76John C. Stennis Space Center 86

Section m — Underrepresented Minority and Disabled Focus Component 93

Section IV — High Performance Computing and Communications 101

Section V — NASA Graduate Student Fellowships in Global Change Research Ill

Section I 1995

NASAGraduateStudentResearchersProgram

GeneralInformation

Introduction

Education DivisionHigher Education BranchCode FEHNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546

The future of the UnitedStates is in the classroomsof America and tomorrow'sscientific and technologicalcapabilities are derived fromtoday's investments in re-search. In 1980, NASA initi-ated the Graduate StudentResearchers Program (GSRP)to cultivate additional re-search ties to the academiccommunity and to supportpromising students pursuingadvanced degrees in scienceand engineering. Since then,approximately 1,300 stu-dents have completed theprogram's requirements.In 1987, the program wasexpanded to include theUnderrepresented Minorityand Disabled Focus (UMDF)Component. This programwas designed to increaseparticipation of underrepre-sented groups in graduatestudy and research and,ultimately, in space scienceand aerospace technologycareers.

Approximately 270 minoritystudents have completed the

, program's requirements\ while making significantcontributions to the nation'saerospace efforts. Continu-ing to expand fellowshipopportunities, NASA an-nounced the Graduate Stu-dent Fellowships in GlobalChange Research in 1990.Designed to support therapid growth in the studyof Earth as a system, morethan 250 fellowships havebeen awarded. And, in 1992,NASA announced opportuni-ties in the multiagency HighPerformance Computingand Communications(HPCC) Program designed toaccelerate the developmentand application of massivelyparallel processing. Approxi-mately five new fellowshipswill be awarded yearly.

This booklet will guide youin your efforts to participatein programs for graduatestudent support.

Section n — lists areas of researchactivities at NASA facilities. Refer tothis section for a detailed descriptionof research opportunities when apply-ing to any of the graduate studentprograms.

Section m — describes theUnderrepresented Minority andDisabled Focus (UMDF) Component.

Section IV — describes the HighPerformance Computing andCommunications (HPCC) program.

Section V — describes the GraduateStudent Fellowships in Global ChangeResearch, including objectives, andadministrative and application proce-dures.

During the next year, NASA will selectat least 200 new graduate studentresearchers to receive stipends and towork at our unique national laborato-ries. We are pleased to offer these pro-grams and hope students and facultywill continue to benefit from them.

Program Summaries

Graduate StudentResearchers Program

The NASA Graduate Student Research-ers Program (GSRP) attempts to reacha culturally diverse group of promisingU.S. graduate students whose researchinterests are compatible with NASA'sprograms in space science and aero-space technology. Each year approxi-mately 100 new awardees are selectedbased on competitive evaluation oftheir academic qualifications, theirproposed research plan and plan ofstudy, and their planned utilization ofNASA research facilities. Fellowshipsof up to $22,000 are awarded for oneyear and are renewable, based on satis-factory progress, for a total of threeyears. Approximately 300 graduate stu-dents are supported by this programeach year. Students may apply at anytime during their graduate career orprior to receiving their baccalaureatedegree. An applicant must be spon-sored by his/her graduate departmentchair or faculty advisor; other eligibili-ty requirements are described in theAdministrative Procedures section ofthis book.

Approximately fifty of the 100 newawards each year are sponsored byNASA Headquarters through the Officeof Space Science (OSS), the Office ofLife and Microgravity Sciences andApplications (OLMSA), and the Officeof Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) inthe fields of astrophysics, solar systemexploration, space physics, informa-tion systems, microgravity science andapplications, life sciences, and Earthsciences. Students applying for these

fellowships are competitively evaluat-ed on their academic qualificationsand proposed research and plan ofstudy by NASA discipline scientistsand an external merit review group.Headquarters selected fellowscarry out research or a plan ofstudy at their home universitiesand attend a three-day annualsymposium in Washington, D.C.The symposium provides an opportu-nity for GSRP fellows to exchangeideas, discuss progress, and learn moreabout space sciences at NASA.Headquarters research opportunitiesare described in the Areas of Researchsection of this book.

The remaining new awards are distrib-uted throughout NASA field centers.Fellows selected by centers mustspend some period of time in resi-dence at the center, taking advan-tage of the unique research facili-ties of the installation and work-ing with center personnel. The pro-jected use of center expertise andfacilities is an important factor, alongwith academic qualifications and*research plans, in the selection of cen-ter fellows.

Students applying for a center fellow-ship are strongly urged to contact theNASA researcher identified at the endof each research description prior todeveloping a proposal. Students apply-ing to the Headquarters Office maycontact the appropriate individual list-ed on page 9.

Underrepresented Minorityand Disabled FocusComponent

While we have been very pleased withthe success of the Graduate StudentResearchers Program, we are con-cerned that too few members ofunderrepresented minority groups are

participating. Thus, in 1987, NASAintroduced the UnderrepresentedMinority and Disabled FocusComponent. Applicants must be spon-sored by the graduate departmentchair or faculty advisor. Studentsselected for the program will collabo-rate with faculty advisors and withNASA technical officers. Studentsselected by NASA field centersmust spend a period of residencyat the center, taking advantage ofthe unique research facilities ofthe installation and working withcenter personnel. This period isexpected to be at least one monthannually, but need not be a singlecontinuous tune period. NASA has along history of supporting HistoricallyBlack Colleges and Universities andOther Minority Universities. NASA isparticularily interested in furthering itsrelationship with these institutionsthrough the GSRP (UMDF).

NASA Graduate StudentFellowships In GlobalChange Research

NASA established this graduate studenttraining fellowship for persons pursu-ing a Ph.D. degree in aspects of globalchange research. The purpose is toensure a continued supply of high-quality scientists to support rapidgrowth in the study of Earth as a sys-tem. More than 250 fellowships havebeen awarded since the inception ofthe program in 1990. Approximatelyfifty new fellowships will be availablefor the 1995 academic year.

4

High PerformanceComputing andCommunications

At least five new GSRP awards "will begranted in 1995 as part of the FederalHigh Performance Computing andCommunications (HPCC) Program.HPCC is a multiagency program de-signed to accelerate the developmentand application of high performancecomputing systems through an inte-grated program of hardware, software,and network development, as well aslong-term basic research. Within theFederal program, NASA •will focus on:aeronautical, Earth science, and spacescience applications; interagency soft-ware coordination; and basic researchfor future HPCC systems.

Summary of NASA Research Areas

NASA Headquarters

Office of Space ScienceAstrophysics x-Information Systems vSolar System ExplorationSpace Physics

Office of Life and MicrogravitySciences and Applications

Life SciencesMicrogravity Science and

ApplicationsOffice of Mission to Planet Earth

Earth Science

Ames Research CenterAdvanced InstrumentationAdvanced Life SupportAeronauticsAerothermal Materials and StructuresAerothermodynamicsAircraft Conceptual DesignApplied Computational Fluid

DynamicsArtificial IntelligenceAtmospheric PhysicsBioregenerative Life SupportComputational Fluid DynamicsComputational Materials ScienceComputer Graphics WorkstationsComputer VisionControl Algorithm for Wind Tunnel

Support SystemsEarth Atmospheric Chemistry and

DynamicsEcosystem ScienceEcosystem Science and TechnologyEngineering and Technical ServicesExperimental AerodynamicsExtravehicular Systems Research and

Technology Flight ResearchHigh-Speed Computer ArchitecturesHuman FactorsHypersonicsInfrared Astronomy and AstrophysicsInfrared Astronomy Projects and

Technology DevelopmentIntelligence Systems TechnologyNeurosciences

Physical-Chemical Closed-Loop LifeSupport

Planetary BiologyPlanetary ScienceRotary Wing AeromechanicsRotorcraft TechnologyScientific Visualization and Interactive

Computer GraphicsSearch for Extraterrestrial IntelligenceSolar System ExplorationSpace BiologySpace PhysiologySpace ProjectsSpacecraft Data SystemsTelecommunicationsTheoretical AstrophysicsTurbulence PhysicsUnsteady Viscous FlowsWind Tunnel AutomationWind Tunnel Composite Applications

Dryden Flight ResearchFacilityAdvanced Digital Flight ControlAircraft AutomationFlight DynamicsFlight SystemsFlight Test Measurement and

InstrumentationFluid Mechanics and PhysicsIntegrated Test Systems and Aircraft

DevelopmentPropulsion/PerformanceStructural Dynamics

Goddard Space Flight CenterAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics

BranchAtmospheris Experiment BranchBiogeochemical CyclesBiospheric StudiesCauses of Long-Term Climate ChangeClimate and Radiation BranchCryogenics LaboratoryData Assimilation OfficeData Systems Technology DivisionEarth Sciences DirectorateElectromechanical BranchEngineering DirectorateEnvironmental SensorsExperimental Instrumentation

Flight Dynamics DivisionGlobal Change Data CenterHydrological Sciences BranchInterdisciplinary ResearchLaboratory for Astronomy and Solar

PhysicsLaboratory for AtmospheresLaboratory for Extraterrestrial PhysicsLaboratory for High EnergyLaboratory for Hydrospheric ProcessLaboratory for Terrestrial PhysicsMicrowave Sensors BranchMission Operations and Data Systems

DirectorateNASA Center for Computational

ScienceNational Space Science Data CenterObservational Science BranchOceans and Ice BranchOptics LaboratoryPhotonics BranchPlanetary AtmoshperesPlanetary Atmoshperes BranchRobotics BranchSatellite Data Utilization OfficeScience Network OfficeSeawiFS ProjectSensor Concepts and CalibrationSevere Storms BranchSolid Earth GeophysicsSpace Data and Computing DivisionSpace GeodesyThermal Development LaboratoryTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

(TRMM) Office

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryAdvanced SystemsAdvanced Teleoperation and Man-

Machine systemsAsteroid DynamicsAstrophysicsAutonomous Control and Tracking

SystemsAutonomous Mobile VehicleChief EngineerControl Systems

Data Storage TechnologyDefense and Civil InformationEarth and Space Science DivisionEarth AtmosphereEarth GeoscienceEarth Observation AnalysisElectro-optical Tracking SystemsFlight ComputersFlight Projects InterfaceFlight Projects Support OfficeFlight Support FacilitiesFrequency Standards ResearchGeodynamicsGravitational Wave StudiesHardware Assurance DivisionImage Processing Applications

DevelopmentImaging SystemsInformation Systems DivisionInformation Theory and CodingInfrared and Analytical Instrument

SystemsInstitutional Computing and Mission

Operations DivisionMechanical and Chemical Systems

DivisionMicroelectronic Device ResearchMicrowave Observational SystemsMission DesignMission Information Systems

EngineeringMission Profile and SequencingNavigation SystemsObservational Systems DivisionOceanographyOptical CommunicationOptical Sciences and ApplicationsPlanetary AtmospheresPlanetary Atmospheres and

Interplanetary MediaPlanetary DynamicsPlanetary Radar AstronomyPlanetologyPower Research and EngineeringProcess EngineeringProgram Control and Administration

(PC&A)Radar Remote Sensing of the EarthReliability EngineeringRobot Arm ControlSoftware Product Assurance

Space PhysicsSpacecraft System EngineeringSystem Integration and Test Quality

AssuranceSystems AnalysisSystems Assurance DivisionSystems Division

Johnson Space CenterAdvanced Extravehicular (EVA)

SystemsAdvances Software TechnologyArtificial IntelligenceBiomedical and Nutritional ResearchBiotechnology and BioprocessingComputer Graphics ResearchEndocrine BiochemistryEnvironmental Physiology\Biophysics

ResearchExercise PhysiologyFlight Data SystemsGuidance, Navigation, and ControlImmune Responses to Space FlightIntelligent RoboticsLife Support SystemsOrbital DebrisPharmacokinetic ResearchPhysiologic ResearchPlanetary Materials AnalysisPropulsion and PowerPsychological ResearchRegenerative Life Support SystemsRisk ManagementRobotic ApplicationsRobotic SimulationSpace Food DevelopmentSpace RadiationSpacecraft Thermal Management

SystemsTechnology Development for New

InitiativesTelerobotics and Autonomous Robotic

SystemsTracking and Communications

Kennedy Space CenterCELSS ResearchEarth Sciences Advances ProgramsEngineering Advanced Programs

Langley Research CenterAdvanced Aircraft SystemsAdvanced Computational CapabilityAdvanced Propulsion TechnologyAdvanced Sensor SystemsAeroacousticsAerobrakingAerodynamics and

Aerothermodynamic ExperimentsAnalysis and Interpretation of

Constituent and Temperature Datafor the Middle Atmosphere

Climate Research ProgramComputer ScienceConfiguration Definition for the

Evolution of Space Station FreedomControls and GuidanceEarth Radiation Budget Experiment

(ERBE)Electromagnetics, Antennas, and

Microwave SystemsElectronics and Informations SystemsEngineering Laboratory UnitEntry Fluid PhysicsFacilities EngineeringFirst Lunar OutpostFluid PhysicsGeneral AviationHalogen Occulation Experiment

(HALOE)High-Speed AircraftHuman FactorsIn-Space Technology ExperimentsLunar Rover Robotics MissionsMaterials Characterization TechnologyMeasurement Science and Instrument

TechnologyMeasurements of Air Pollution from

Satellites (MAPS)PropulsionSpace Controls and GuidanceSpace Exploration InitiativeSpace Systems TechnologyStratospheric Aerosol and Gas

Experiment (SAGE)Structures (Aero)Structures (Space)Subsystem Growth Requirements for

Space Station FreedomSystems Engineering

Transport AircraftTransportation SystemsTropospheric Chemistry Research

ProgramUpper Atmosphere Research Program

Lewis Research CenterAdvanced Composit MechanicsAerospace Applications of High

Temperature SuperconductivityAircraft IcingAircraft Power Transfer TechnologyAircraft Propulsion Systems AnalysisCeramic-Matrix CompositesComputational Fluid MechanicsComputational Structures TechnologyComputational TechnologyConcurrent Engineering SimulationControls and DynamicsDigital Systems TechnologyElectrochemical Space and StorageEmissions TechnologyEnvironmental Durability of Advanced

MaterialsExperimental Fluid MechanicsFan\Propeller Aerodynamics and

AcousticsHigh Performance Aircraft Propulsion

TechnologyHigh Performance Computing and

Communications\NumericalPropulsion Simulation

High Temperature ElectronicsTechnology

Hypersonic Propulsion TechnologyIn-Space Technology ExperimentsInstrumentation and SensorsLiquid Rocket PropulsionLow Noise Nozzle TechnologyLow Thrust Propulsion FundamentalsMetal Matrix and Intermetallic Matrix

Composites

Microgravity Materials ScienceMicrogravity Science and ApplicationsMMIC TechnologyMolecular Computational Fluid

DynamicsPhased Array Antenna TechnologyPhotovoltaic Space SystemsPolymers And Polymer Matrix

CompositesPower Materials TechnologyPower Systems TechnologyProbabilistic Structural MechanicsRocket Engine System MonitoringSolar Dynamic Systems for Space

PowerSpace Communications Systems

AnalysisSpace Environmental InteractionsSpace Power Management and

Distribution TechnologyStirling Dynamic Power SystemsStructural Analysis and Life PredictionStructural DynamicsStructural IntegrityThermal Management Technologies

for Space Power SystemsTribiologyTurbine Engine TechnologyVacuum Electronics

Marshall Space Flight CenterAeronomyAtmosphere\Land Surface InterfaceAudio SystemsBiophysicsClimate Modeling with the CMICloud Scattering of Light DischargesCombustion Devices and

TurbomachineryCommunications SystemsComponent Development DivisionComputational Fluid DynamicsConfiguration ManagementControl MechanismsControls for VehiclesCosmic Ray ResearchCryogenic PhysicsCrystal Growth in Fluid Field and

Particle Dynamic EvaluationDocking\Berthing SensorsElectrical Systems

Electronics, Sensors, RoboticsEngineering Graphics WorkstationGamma Ray AstronomyGeophysical Fluid Dynamics and

ModelingHypervelocity Impact Design and

AnalysisInfrared AstronomyLiquid Propulsion Dynamic AnalysisLow Gravity ScienceMagnetospheric and Plasma PhysicsMaterials and Processes LaboratoryMetallic MaterialsMission Operations LaboratoryModel Studies of Storm Electrical

ProcessesNonmetallic Materials ResearchOptical SystemsPhysical Climate AnalysisPointing Control SystemsProcess Engineering ResearchPropulsion LaboratoryQuality EngineeringReliability EngineeringSoftware Data ManagementSolar PhysicsSpace Environmental Effects on

MaterialsSpace Vehicle EnvironmentsStratospheric and Mesospheric StudiesStructural Assessment: Structural

AnalysisStructural DesignStructural DynamicsSurface Properties\Atmospheric

Boundaries InteractionsSystems and Components Test and

SimulationSystems DivisionSystems Safety EngineeringTest DivisionThermal Analysis: Liquid Propulsion

SystemsThermal Analysis: Solid Rocket MotorThermal\Environmental Computational

AnalysisTropospheric Wind ProfilingVibracousdcsX-ray Astronomy

8

Stennls Space CenterActive and Passive Nonintrusive

Remote Sensing ofPropulsion Test Parameters

Advanced Propulsion Systems TestingApplication of Parallel Computing to

Data AnalysisArtificial Intelligence (AT) Capability

for Intelligent Processing ofRemotely Sensed and PropulsionTest Data

Computational Modeling andSimulation

Cryogenic Instrumentation andCryogenic High Pressure, and UltraHigh Pressure Fluid Systems

Earth Observation TechnologyEnvironmental Impact from Propulsion

System TestingGround Test Facilities TechnologyLeak Detection, Sensors,

Quantification and VisualizationLOXXGOX Compatible MaterialsMaterial and Fluid ScienceNondestructive Test and EvaluationPropellant and Pressurants

Conservation, Recycling and EnergyConservation Leak Detection,Sensors, Quantification, andVisualization

Propulsion System TestingTechniques, Simulation, Modeling,and Methodologies

Propulsion Test Data AcquisitionSystems

Spectroscopy Technology forPropulsion System Testing

Thermal Protection and InsulationSystems

Use of Visualization Technologies forSSC Data Analysis

Vehicle Health Maintenance\RocketExhaust Plume Diagnostics

Visual Data Analysis

Program Administrators

The NASA Graduate StudentResearchers Program (GSRP) ismanaged at the national level by:

The Office of Human Resourcesand Education

Education DivisionHigher Education BranchCode FEHNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546

The Office of Space Science (OSS),the Office of Life arid MicrogravitySciences and Applications (OLMSA),and the Office of Mission to PlanetEarth (MTPE) at NASA Headquarters,along with NASA Field Centers aroundthe United States, participate in theprogram. Local ProgramAdministrators are:

Ms. Dolores Holland VOffice of Space ScienceCodeSNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546Phone (202) 358-0734FAX (202) 358-3092

Ms. Georgia A. LeSaneOffice of Life and MicrogravitySciences and ApplicationsCode UPNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546Phone (202) 358-2212FAX (202) 358-4330

Dr. Ghassem AsrarOffice of Mission to Planet EarthCode YSNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546Phone (202) 358-0273FAX (202) 358-2770

Ms. Meredith MooreUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Stop 241-3Ames Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationMoffett Field, CA 94035Phone (415) 604-5624FAX (415) 604-3622

Hugh L. Dryden Flight ResearchFaculty, (Edwards, CA 93523)

(Program administered by AmesResearch Center- see above)

Dr. Gerald SoffenDirector, University ProgramsMail Code 160Goddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationGreenbelt, MD 20771Phone (301) 286-9690FAX (301) 286-1610

Dr. Frederick ShairUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Stop 183-900Jet Propulsion LaboratoryNational Aeronautics and Space

Administration4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena, CA 91109Phone (818) 354-8251FAX (818) 393-4977

For inquiries call:Ms. Carol S. HixAssistant University Affairs OfficerMail Stop 183-900Phone (818) 354-3274FAX (818) 393-4977

Ms. Nancy RobertsonChief, Education BranchMail Code AP-2Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationHouston, TX 77058Phone (713) 483-2462FAX (713) 483-2543

Mr. Warren CampManager, University LiaisonMail Stop HM-CIUJohn F. Kennedy Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationKennedy Space Center, FL 32899Phone (407) 867-2462FAX (407) 867-2494

Mr. Roger A. HathawayUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Stop 400Langley Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationHampton, VA 23681-0001Phone (804) 864-4000FAX (804) 864-8835

Dr. Francis J. MonteganiChief, Office of University ProgramsMail Stop CP-1Lewis Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

Administration21000 Brookpark RoadCleveland, OH 44135Phone (216) 433-2956FAX (216) 433-3687

Dr. Frank SixUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Stop DS01Marshall Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationMSFQAL 35812Phone (205) 544-0997FAX (205) 544-5893

Dr. Armond JoyceUniversity Affairs OfficerScience and Technology BranchJohn C. Stennis Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationStennis Space Center, MS 39529Phone (601) 688-3830FAX (601) 688-7499

10

Administrative ProceduresGSRP • GSRP (UMDF)

GSRP (High Performance Computing)

Selection of Proposals — Graduatestudents are selected for participationin this program by NASA Headquar-ters, individual NASA centers, or bythe Jet Propulsion Laboratory on thebasis of (a) the academic qualificationsof the student; (b) the quality of theproposed research and plan of studyand its relevance to NASA's programs;(c) except at NASA Headquarters, thestudent's proposed utilization ofCenter research facilities; and (d) theability of the student to accomplishthe defined research.

Awards — Fellowships are made ini-tially for a period of one year and maybe renewed annually for a total ofthree years, based on satisfactoryprogress as reflected in performanceevaluations by the faculty advisor.Renewals must also be approved byNASA installation Program Administra-tors and technical supervisors.

Eligibility — Full-time (as defined bythe university) graduate studentsenrolled in an accredited U.S. collegeor university are the only persons eligi-ble for program awards. They must becitizens of the United States. Studentsmay enter the program at any timeduring their graduate work or mayapply prior to receiving their baccalau-reate degrees. All applications must besponsored by the student's graduatedepartment chair or faculty advisor.Those selected will usually receivesupport until they receive an advanceddegree, a maximum of three years inmost cases. An individual acceptingthis award may not concurrentlyreceive other Federal fellowships ortraineeships.

Students from underrepresented mi-nority groups who apply to this pro-gram may also apply to the Under-represented Minority and DisabledFocus Component (see Section III).

Equal Opportunity — No applicantshall be denied consideration orappointment as a NASA GraduateStudent Researcher on the groundsof race, creed, color, national origin,age, or sex.

Obligation to the Government —A student receiving support under theGraduate Student Researchers Programdoes not thereby incur any formalobligation to the Government of theUnited States. However, the objectivesof this program will clearly be servedbest if the student is encouraged toactively pursue research or teaching inaeronautics, space science, or spacetechnology after completion of gradu-ate studies.

Funding — The total annual awardper graduate student cannot exceed$22,000. In addition to the $16,000student stipend, allowances of $6,000($3,000 for the student allowance and$3,000 for the university allowance)may be requested to help defraytuition costs, purchase books and soft-ware, or to provide a per diem andtravel allowance for the student andfaculty advisor. Students participatingin the Headquarters programs shouldplan to attend, along with their advi-sors, a three-day symposium inWashington, D.C., in the spring ofeach year. Specific details regardingthis conference will be communicatedafter awards have been made.The student allowance may also beused to help defray living expensesduring periods of center residency.Students currently living close to thecenter to which they apply shouldrequest only a nominal amount forthis purpose.

The university allowance may be usedby the faculty advisor for supervisionof the student's work and for travel tothe NASA facility to oversee the stu-dent's progress. It may also be usedfor student tuition. Alternative uses forthis allowance may be requested butmust be consistent with the intent ofthe program.New grant applicants attending GSRPworkshops/symposiums prior to theirgrant start date may be reimbursed, fortravel expenses.

Equipment — The use of traininggrant funds for the purchase of nonex-pendable equipment is prohibited.

Disposition of Unused Funds —If a student terminates the GSRPearlier than anticipated, the studentstipend is prorated and terminated(see Replacement Student sectionbelow). Any unused student/universityallowances are returned to NASA.Renewal applicants who have fundsremaining from their previous year'sbudget may carry the remaining fundsover into the following program year.

Foreign Travel — All travel outsidethe United States must clearly beessential to the research effort and,to be charged to a grant, have priorapproval of the GSRP Manager and theNASA Grants Officer for each specifictrip regardless of its inclusion in theproposed budget. A written requestmust state the purpose, cost and traveldates, and include the NASA fellow-ship number.

11

Replacement Student — If a studentleaves the program for any reason, theuniversity, with prior NASA Headquar-ters approval, may appoint anotherstudent with similar research objec-tives to complete only the remainingportion of the current year. If a stu-dent withdraws within the first quar-ter of their award year, the award willbe prorated and the remaining fundsdeobligated. Replacement studentselecting to apply for the followingprogram year are not automaticallyentitled to award and are subject tothe evaluation and selection proce-dures administered to new applicants.

Documentation required for nomina-tion of replacement students includes:proposal cover sheet signed by thestudent and faculty advisor, briefdescription of research''investigationto be undertaken by tne student, andthe educational background of thestudent.

Internal Revenue Service — Allquestions concerning taxes shouldbe directed to the Internal RevenueService. Refer to IRS Publication 520titled "Scholarships and Fellowships,"and Publication 508 titled "EducationalExpenses."

Final Administrative Report — Itis the responsibility of the institutionreceiving a NASA fellowship to ensurethe final report on the fellow's re-search and academic progress issubmitted no later than 90 days afterthe termination date of the award.Information to be furnished includesthe degree granted, important resultsof the student's experiences

(e.g., thesis title, papers publishedother than thesis, presentations made,awards, honors), and employment orother future plans. This report shouldbe submitted to:

GSRP AdministratorHigher Education BranchCode FEHNational Aeronautics andSpace Administration300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20546

A copy must also be sent to the appro-priate NASA Installation ProgramAdministrator, and the NASA Head-quarters Acquisition Division, CodeHWG. NASA Graduate StudentResearchers fellowships are subjectto the provisions of 14 CFR 1265,Government-wide Debarment andSuspension.

Student Evaluation Forms —Students completing their last year inthe program will be mailed an evalua-tion form 60 days prior to terminationdate. These forms must be com-pleted and returned to the appro-priate NASA Program Administra-tor prior to program completion.Students with approved no-cost exten-sions should return completed formsat the time of fellowship termination.If you do not receive the evaluationform, contact the appropriate ProgramAdministrator or the GSRP Administra-tor at NASA Headquarters.

NOTE: This form is not intended to beused in lieu of the final administrativereport.

Inquiries — Questions concerningthe preparation and submission ofproposals and the administration ofthis program are to be directed to theProgram Administrators listed onpage 9.

Special Note to NASA GraduateFellows: For over a decade NASA hashad the unique opportunity to offerfellowships in aeronautics, space sci-ence, space applications, and spacetechnology to promising graduate stu-dents nationwide. A critical determi-nant of continued support for theGraduate Student ResearchersPrograms depends on you, the stu-dent, and the submission of the finaladministrative report and student eval-uation. Program objectives are mea-sured and funding levels are set as aresult of these evaluation mechanisms.

12

Preparation of Proposal

Unsolicited ProposalRequirements — Proposals for theGSRP must be written by the student.Students, however, are strongly en-couraged to collaborate with a facultymember and with a potential NASAmentor/advisor to identify a project.Students may enlist the aid of their fac-ulty advisor for guidance, review, andcommentary on the written materialprior to submission. All proposalsmust be specific in nature and must beassembled in the following order:

1) Original Signed Cover Sheet2) Budget Page3) University Certification for

Suspension and Debarment andDrug-Free Workplace

4) Letter of Recommendation5) Abstract/Description of Proposed

Research and Plan of Study6) Facilities and Resources (Center

Applications Only)7) Personnel

The original and all copies of propos-als must be stapled. To facilitate therecycling of proposals after review,proposals should be submitted onplain, white paper only. This pre-cludes the use of cardboard stock,plastic covers, spiral binders, coloredpaper, etc.

1. Proposal Cover Sheet — Thecover sheet must be filled out andsigned by the student, faculty advisor,and university official responsible forcommitting the institution for spon-sored research. At least one (1) com-plete proposal package must containoriginal signatures. Cover sheetsappear in the back of this section.

Proposed research and plan of studymust be approved by (1) faculty advi-sor (see Item II on Proposal CoverSheet); and (2) the university officialresponsible for committing the institu-tion for sponsored research (e.g.,Director of Research Administration,Director of Sponsored Research) —See Item III on Proposal Cover Sheet.Proposals cannot be processed with-out the appropriate university appro-val signatures. Telephone numbersmust be included for each approvingindividual.

2. Budget — A twelve-month budgetmust include the following: (a) stu-dent stipend - $16,000 stipend fortwelve months; (b) student allowance- $3,000, may be used for travel andper diem; and (c) university allowance- $3,000, may be used for travel andper diem by the faculty advisor tocoordinate and oversee the work ofthe graduate student. Both allowancesmay be used for tuition and the pur-chase of book, supplies, and software.Note: The use of training grant fundsfor the purchase of nonexpendableequipment is prohibited.

3. Certifications — All applicationpackages must include university certi-fications to debarment and suspensionand drug-free workplace.

4. Letter of Recommendation —The faculty advisor must prepare andsign a one page letter of recommenda-tion on behalf of the student.

5. Abstract/Description ofProposed Research and Plan ofStudy — On separate pages, developa summary describing the objectivesof the plan of study, including acourse schedule by semester/quarter,the proposed research, and themethodology to be used. Studentsshould prepare a full statement, notto exceed five singled-spaced pages,

that identifies and relates the key ele-ments of the proposed research andplan of study. Include the proposedstarting and completion dates for thegraduate student's plan of study andresearch program and the approxi-mate periods the student and facultyadvisor expect to be at the NASA cen-ter to conduct activities, if applicable.A detailed schedule and plan must beincluded in all new proposals.

6. Facilities and Resources (CenterApplicants Only) — Students shoulddescribe the NASA facilities and re-sources he/she wishes to use in sup-port of the research and plan of study,including an estimate of any computertime required. Students are stronglyencouraged to contact the appropriatefacility technical advisor to coordinateresearch activities.

7. Personnel — The faculty advisormust submit a short biographicalsketch that includes name, currentposition, title, department, universityaddress, phone number, and principalpublications. The student must submita transcript of grades and a summaryof education, training, awards, scholar-ships, significant accomplishments,and any other relevant information.

13

Submission of Proposal

All applicants must submit one origi-nal and nine (9) copies of all materialsby February 1 to the appropriateNASA facility, addressed to the atten-tion of the Program Administrator list-ed in the Areas of Research Activitiesat NASA Facilities section of this book.

Applications will be reviewed forselection in March and April. Proposedstarting dates for new awards will beno earlier than July 1 and no later thanOctober 1. In general, tenure willbegin with normal semester or quarterdates.

Multiple Submissions — When sub-mitting to more than one NASA facilityor to the Graduate Student Research-ers Program (GSRP), the Underrep-resented Minority and Disabled Focus(UMDF) program, and the HighPerformance Computing andCommunications (HPCQ program,separate original application forms,and all required information, includingthe number of copies necessary toevaluate the proposal, must accompa-ny each submission. A faxed proposalis not considered valid and, therefore,cannot be reviewed.

Renewal Applications — Proposals forrenewal are to be submitted to theappropriate Program Administrator byFebruary 1. All applicants should sub-mit an original and nine (9) copies ofall materials. The proposal for renewalshould include items 1,2, and 3 in thePreparation of Proposal section of thisbook on page 12, as well as a briefstatement (approximately one page)by the student outlining his or herprogress on the research or plan ofstudy. Also included in the renewalpackage must be a transcript of thestudent's grades during the precedingyear and a one-page evaluation andrecommendation signed by the facultyadvisor. Proposals cannot be renewedwithout this information. The startingdate for renewals should be on theanniversary of the original grant.

Sponsored Research Office —When submitting applications for newor renewal fellowship awards, includethe name, address, and telephonenumber of the university officialresponsible for committing the institu-tion for sponsored research (e.g.,Director of Research Administration,Director of Sponsored Research).

All application packages must includeuniversity certifications to debarmentand suspension and drug-free work-place.

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Proposals Due February 1NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Proposal Cover Shea

I. Student Information

Name: (Mr/Ms.)

Usi

Birth Date:

Birthplace:

Home Address:.

Home Phone:

Target Degree: MS MS/PhD (joint) PhD

Discipline:

Department:

Campus Address:^

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:

City, State, ZIP:_

Campus Phone:_ Fax No.:

Undergraduate GPA:_

Discipline:

Out Of:

Graduate GPA (If Applicable):.

Discipline:

_Out Of:_

/ certify that I am a citizen of the United States and thatI am or will be a full-time graduate student at the universityduring the period covered by this proposal.

Signature:, _Date:

n. Faculty Advisor Information

Name:

Department:.

Campus Address:.

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:.

City, State, ZIP:.

Campus Phone:.

Fax Number:

E-Mail:

Signatures Date:

m. Official Responsible for Committing Institution

Name:

Title:

University:.

Street Address:.

City, State, ZIP:_

Campus Phone:.

Signatures Date:

IV. Proposal InformationType of Proposal: D (1) New D (2) Second Year D (3) Third YearIf Renewal, Designate Grant No.: NGT-Expected Graduation Date:Proposal Title __ _

Proposed Start or Renewal Date:.Budget Amount _

Time Spent at NASA Center during past year: weeks months

V. Submission InformationD Headquarters

AstrophysicsInformation SystemsSolar System ExplorationSpace PhysicsLife SciencesMicrogravityEarth Sciences

D Nasa CentersAmes/Dryden (ARC/DFRF)Goddard (GSFQJet Propulsion Lab 0PL)Johnson 0SQKennedy (KSQLangley (LaRQLewis (LeRQMarshall (MSFC)Stennis (SSQ

Center Technical Advisor:

Other Facilities to which this proposal is being submitted:

VI. Proposal Checklist

D Original Proposal and9 Copies

D Budget FormD University Certifications

•Debarment and Suspension•Drug Free Workplace

D Signed Advisor Evaluation orLetter of Recommendation

D Transcripts

VEL NASA Use Only' ; ;,;',{ ; ,„ i i- ;̂ ;.,S;-, „•,,_..

, D;0rg/Cpys ™, ;,:,. ! .',<:,", ,3:, '. •'• 'V''-''

; -D BdgtFrm' 1,4 :?»,

DSAE''

16

Privacy Act Statement

General

Pursuant to Public Law 93-579, Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5U.S.C.§552a), the following information is beingprovided to persons who are asked to provide information to obtain a NASA Graduate Student fellowship.

Authority

This information is collected under the authority of the National Aeronautics and Space Act. Publication 85-568, asamended, 42 U.S.C. §2451, et. seq.

Purpose and Uses

The information requested on the application form will be used to determine your eligibility for participation in theNASA Graduate Student Researchers Program. The information requested regarding your ethnic/racial/disability statuswill be used to determine the degree to which members of each ethnic/racial/disability group are being reached byNASA's announcement of this program, and will not affect your application. Additionally, NASA may disclose this infor-mation to other organizations or individuals having relationships with NASA, including but not limited to academicorganizations, nonprofit organizations, and other governmental agencies, as well as Congressional offices in responseto an inquiry made on your behalf. Disclosure may also be made to concerned parties in the course of litigation, tolaw enforcement agencies, and to other Federal agencies in exchanging information pertinent to an agency decision.

Effects of Nondisclosure

Furnishing the information on the application form is voluntary, but failure to do so may result in NASA's inabilityto determine eligibility for participation and selection for award in the Graduate Student Researchers Program.However, your application will not be affected if you choose not to provide information on your ethnic, racial,or disability status.

17

Optional Information Form

In order to determine the degree to which members of each ethnic/racial/disability group are reachedby this announcement, NASA requests that the student check the appropriate block(s). Submission ofthis information is optional and will not affect your application.

D AMERICAN NATIVE D ASIAN D BLACKOR ALASKAN NATIVE

D HISPANIC D PACIFIC ISLANDER D WHITE

D INDIVIDUAL WITH DISABILITIES*

DMALE

D FEMALE

AMERICAN NATIVE OR ALASKAN NATIVE: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of NorthAmerica and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.ASIAN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia or the Indian subconti-nent. This area includes, for example, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.BLACK, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.HISPANIC: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture ororigin, regardless of race.PACIFIC ISLANDER: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii; die U.S. Pacific territoriesof Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Marinas; the U.S. Trust Territory of Palua; the islands of Micronesiaand Melanesia; or the Phillipines.WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, NorthAfrica, or die Middle East.

*An individual having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities;who has a record of such impairment; or who is regarded as having such impairment.

19

NASA Graduate Student Researchers ProgramBudget Information

I. Student Stipend (Maximum of $ 16,000)

n. Student Allowance (Itemize if necessary)

ffl.University Allowance (Itemize if necessary)

Student Allowance $_(Maximum of $3,000)

University Allowance $_(Maximum of $3,000)

Total Requested $_(Maximum of $22,000)

21

Section II 1995


Areas of ResearchActivities at NASAFacilities

PRECEDWQ PAGE BLANK HOT FILMED tn& -H> MltMiiUMiu UWitf

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Office of Space ScienceNASA Headquarters

The NASA HeadquartersOffice of Space Science (OSS)supports basic and appliedresearch in space science. TheOSS research program includesthe development of major spaceflight missions such as theAdvanced X-Ray Astrono-mical Facility and the CassiniMission to Saturn, comple-mentary laboratory researchand analysis of data fromprior missions, and theoreticalstudies. The scientific disci-plines currently being support-ed are astrophysics, informa-tion systems, solar system explo-ration, and space physics. Abrief description of these pro-grams follows.

Contact:Ms. Dolores HollandOffice of Space ScienceCode SNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationWashington, DC 20546-0001(202) 358-O734

Mail Office of Space Scienceproposals to:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode SPM-20NASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20546-0001

Proposals sent by express mail, com-mercial delivery, or courier to:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode SPM-20Attn: Receiving and InspectionsNASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20024-3210

AstrophysicsResearch in astrophysics is directedtoward obtaining a greater understand-ing of the origin, evolution, and fate ofthe Universe. Emphasis is placed onthe development and implementationof a multiwavelength program ofspace-based and suborbital missions(airborne, sounding rockets, balloons).Programs that support instrumentationdevelopment relevant to future mis-sions, the analysis of data from ongo-ing and past missions, and on laborato-ry and theoretical investigations thataid in the interpretation of space-basedobservations are encouraged.

Information Systems

Information Systems research focuseson providing new capabilities for dataarchives and directories, computernetworking, and high-performancecomputing in support of space sci-ence. The program includes develop-ment of generic tools and capabilities,testbed efforts to demonstrate andevaluate advanced technologies forNASA, technology demonstrations, andresearch efforts in areas such as graph-ics and visualization, algorithms, datastorage technologies, and access meth-ods applicable to the space sciencedisciplines of astrophysics, solar sys-tem exploration, and space physics.

Solar System Exploration

Solar system research focuses on theorigin, evolution, and current stateof the solar system; planetary atmos-pheres; the origin, evolution, anddistribution of life in the universe;and the origin and search for planetarysystems. It uses astronomical observa-tions, laboratory experiments, dataanalysis, and modelling. Activitiesinclude studies of planets, rings,moons, asteroids, and comets; analysisof meteorites, cosmic dust, and lunarsamples; astronomical studies span-ning the full spectrum; the origin,evolution, and search for planetarysystems; and the analysis of Viking,Voyager, Magellan, Galileo, Clemen-tine, and ground- and space-basedtelescopic data.

Space PhysicsThe space physics program involvesinvestigations of the origin and evolu-tion of plasmas, electromagnetic fields,and energetic particles in space. Thestudies focus on the Sun, both as anactive star and as a source of solarwind and energetic particles; on plane-tary and cometary magnetospheres;and on the heliosphere and galacticcosmic rays. Measurements are madefrom balloons, rockets, satellites, anddeep space probes. Theory and com-puter simulations are also supported.

23

Office of Life andMicrogravity Sciences and Applications

NASA Headquarters

The Office of Life andMicrogravity Sciences andApplications (OLMSA) leadsthe nation's efforts in labora-tory research using the spaceenvironment, improving thequality of life of humans inspace and on Earth.

NASA's Office of Life andMicrogravity Sciences andApplications coordinates thescientific research and opera-tions of four NASA divisions:The Microgravity Sciences and,Applications Division, the Lifeand Biomedical Sciences andApplications Division, theFlight Systems Division, andthe Aerospace Medicine andOccupational Health Division.Discipline research is conduct-ed within the two researchdivisions: MicrogravitySciences and ApplicationsDivision and the Life andBiomedical Sciences andApplications Division.

Contact:Ms. Georgia A. LeSaneOffice of Life and MicrogravitySciences and ApplicationsCode UPNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546-0001(202)3580123.

Mail Office of Life and MicrogravitySciences and Applications proposalsto:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode UPNASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington DC 20546-0001

Proposals sent by express mail,commercial delivery, or courier to:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode UPATTN: Receiving and InspectionNASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington DC 20024-3210

Microgravity Science andApplications

The objective of the MicrogravitySciences and Applications Division isto explore and understand the effectsof microgravity on physical, chemical,and biochemical processes in a micro-gravity environment. This objectiveincludes the establishment of a micro-gravity science institute in space, theInternational Space Station, to providea flight facility for conducting long-duration microgravity research. Theongoing research program emphasizesthese scientific disciplines: biotechnol-ogy, combustion science, fluidphysics, materials science, and bench-mark science. Benchmark scienceresearch encompasses research ontransient and equilibrium critical phe-nomena, as well as other thermophysi-cal measurements of interest in con-densed matter and gravitationalphysics. Research in materials scienceincludes studying the relationshipsbetween the processing propertiesand structure of materials. Of particu-lar interest is understanding the role ofgravity in the processing of electronicand photonic materials; metals, alloys,and composites; glasses and ceramics;

and polymers. The primary focus ofthe microgravity program in biotech-nology is to identify and quantitativelyunderstand cause-and-effect relation-ships between gravitational forces andexperiment outcomes in the funda-mental processes controlling proteincrystal growth and cell/tissue cultur-ing. The research in fluid physics andtransport phenomena concentrates inareas where fundamental behavior islimited to or affected by the presenceof gravity, and where low gravityexperiments allow insight into thatbehavior. The combustion researchcenters on improving the understand-ing of the process of ignition, propaga-tion, and extinction of various typesof flames under low-gravity conditions,and isolation phenomena that tendto be obscured by buoyancy effectsaccompanying combustion under nor-mal gravity conditions. The investiga-tions are conducted by universities,industry, and Government researchersusing both ground-based and flightexperiments.

Life and Biomedical Sciencesand Applications

The Life and Biomedical Sciences andApplications Division involves multi-disciplinary research areas in the bio-medical and biological sciences.Research focuses on: space biology,space physiology, and countermea-sures; radiation health; environmentalhealth; human factors; and advancedlife support systems. The programincludes ground-based research andtechnology development and the flightof equipment and instruments forhuman, animal, plant, and cellularexperiments on board the SpaceShuttle, in the Spacelab laboratorymodule, and on other Earth-orbitingspacecraft.

24

Mission to Planet Earth:Understanding Global Environmental Change

NASA Headquarters

NASA's Mission to PlanetEarth (MTPE) studies theEarth's environment—air,water, land, living matter,and their interactions—to better understand globalclimate changes. Mission toPlanet Earth uses the uniqueperspective of studying theEarth from space to see howour environment is changingand how human activitiesmay contribute to that change.

Contact:Dr. Ghassem AsrarOffice of Mission to Planet EarthCode YSNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationWashington, DC 205460001(202) 358-0273

Mail Office of Mission to Planet Earthproposals to:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode YSP-44NASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 205460001

Proposals sent by express mail com-mercial delivery, or courier, send to:Graduate Student Researchers ProgramCode YSP-44Attn: Receiving and InspectionsNASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20024-3210

Phase I of Mission to PlanetEarth— composed of ongoing andnear-term missions, and small, focusedmissions called Earth Probes —includes more than 30 missions priorto 1998 to study various aspects of theEarth system. These missions will pavethe way for the broader focus and cov-erage planned as part of Phase II —the Earth Observing System (EOS) —slated for later this decade.

Scientific investigations contributingto the EOS already are well underway,adding to our knowledge of the Earthand its climate system. Individuallyand as teams, EOS scientists are forg-ing interdisciplinary collaborations andtraining the next generation of Earthsystem scientists.

Ongoing and Near-termMissions — To gain near-term infor-mation on global change, NASA has anongoing program that provides impor-tant data sets for research today. Thesemissions include satellites such as theUpper Atmosphere Research Satellite(UARS), launched in 1991 to study thechemistry of the upper atmosphere,and the joint U.S./French OceanTopography Experiment (TOPEX/POSEIDON), launched in 1992 tostudy ocean circulation.

In addition to satellite missions, NASAalso conducts missions onboard theSpace Shuttle, such as the Atmospher-ic Laboratory for Applications andScience (ATLAS), which investigateshow both the sun and products ofindustrial and agricultural activities onEarth influence our planet. NASA alsocooperates closely with other nations,providing instruments for flight oninternational spacecraft and exchang-ing data and analyses.

Earth Probes — The Earth Probesprogram, also part of Phase I, includessmaller, specialized U.S. satellites thatwill be launched before and possiblyduring the Phase n EOS space-flightperiod. Instruments on Earth Probesatellites will be used for investiga-tions requiring different orbits andmeasurement strategy than those ofthe EOS platforms which require con-gruent and synergistic observations.Missions planned under this programinclude studies of ocean surfacewinds, tropical precipitation, andozone.

The Earth Observing System —Phase II of Mission to Planet Earth isthe Earth Observing System (EOS),a series of 17 spacecraft planned forlaunch into near-Earth orbit. As thecore of MTPE, the EOS instrumentswill make long-term, calibrated mea-surements of the interrelated elementsof the Earth system. Together, thesesatellites will monitor a wide array ofphysical, chemical, and biologicalprocesses that influence Earth as acomplete and integrated systemon a global scale.

Each EOS spacecraft will focus on adifferent aspect of global climatechange and different aspects of com-plex interactions within the Earth'senvironment. The EOS schedule tar-gets a minimum of 15 years of contin-uous and calibrated Earth observa-tions. The first satellite in the series isscheduled for launch in 1998, and willobserve the Earth's surface, clouds,aerosols, and radiation balance (i.e.,biosphere-atmosphere interactions).Satellites dedicated to other aspectsof the Earth system will follow thismission.

25

To allow wide use of information fromMTPE, NASA is developing the uniqueEOS Data and Information System(EOSDIS). EOSDIS will process, store,and distribute critical information tothousands of national and internationalscientists and other users, enablingquick and easy access to data andencouraging cooperative use of globalclimate change research results forestablishing environmental policy deci-sions by the social and economic sci-entists and policy makers.

Studies to Enhance OurUnderstanding —Mission to PlanetEarth will play a critical role in thenational and international efforts tounderstand the global environment,enhancing our awareness of ongoingnatural and human-induced globalchanges. While global data gatheredfrom space are crucial to understand-ing the Earth system as a whole, thesedata are only part of the process.NASA and other Federal agencies alsoconduct aircraft and surface-basedobservations, as well as laboratoryexperiments and modelling. Theseefforts together will help translateinformation into knowledge requiredto understand how Earth functions asa system, and how its environment ischanging.

Through better comprehension of thecauses of global change, policy makersand the public will be able to addresspotential large-scale environmentalproblems. This data will enable us tomake careful decisions regarding thelong-term welfare of our home planet.

26

Ames Research Center

GSRP Program Administrator:

Ms. Meredith MooreMail Stop 241-3NASA Ames Research CenterMoffett Field, CA 94035(415) 604-5624

The Ames Research Centerconducts research activities,technology programs, andflight projects that advance thenation's capabilities in civilianmilitary aeronautics, space sci-ences, and space applications.This diverse program at Amesis organized into aeronautics,aerophysics, space research, andlife sciences.

In preparing a proposal for afellowship at Ames ResearchCenter, prior collaborationwith an Ames researcher ismandatory. A suggested pointof contact is listed with eachresearch topic for which a stu-dent may apply.

Aeronautics — In aeronautics, Amesconcentrates on rotorcraft and pow-ered lift aircraft technology, short-haulaircraft and helicopter technology,fluid mechanics, experimental aerody-namics, flight simulation, flight sys-tems research, and human factors.

Contact:Joe Totah(415) 604-5057

Experimental Aerodynamics —Low-speed testing in the 12x24-,24x37-, and 2x3-meter wind tunnels.Development of computational/empir-ical prediction methods for poweredlift and conventional lift configura-tions. Prediction and analysis ofacoustic characteristics of aircraft con-

figurations and wind tunnel facilities.Development and application of non-intrusive measurement techniques.

Contact:Dennis Riddle(415) 604-6677

Computer Vision — Computervision and image understanding tech-niques are being applied to the naviga-tion of rotorcraft and aircraft duringlow-altitude flight, landing and taxing.The techniques are quite general andcan be used in the autonomous guid-ance of other types of vehicles.

Contact:Banavar Sridhar(415) 604-5450

Flight Research — Simulation investi-gations, guidance and navigation, air-craft automation, flight dynamics,advanced control theory (helicopterV/STOL applications).

Contact:Ed Aiken(415) 604-5009Flight Dynamics andControls Research

Human Factors — Crew perfor-mance, aviation safety, aircraft operat-ing systems advanced spatial displaysand instruments, virtual environments,high-fidelity simulation-based humanperformance assessment, operatorinterfaces to intelligent systems andadvanced automation.

Contact:Mike Shafto(415) 604-6170

27

Aircraft Conceptual Design —Development of aircraft design synthe-sis techniques that incorporate opti-mization routines, expert system con-cepts, and graphical user interfaces ona system of networked computer•workstations. Studies are broad innature, encompassing the subsonic tohypersonic speed ranges, and includ-ing such concepts as rotocraft, fixed-wing, and transatmospheric vehicles.Analyses include a total transportationsystems approach and consider marketrequirements and economics.

Contact:Thomas L. Galloway(415)604-6181

Rotorcraft Aeromechanics —Experimental and theoretical researchprograms to improve performance,vibration, and noise of advanced rotor-craft. Studies include basic investiga-tions of the aerodynamics, dynamics,and acoustics of rotor systems for heli-copters, tilt rotors, and otheradvanced configurations. Experimentsare performed in the Ames 2x3-meterwind tunnel and in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex, includ-ing the 12x24-meter wind tunnel.

Contact:William Warmbrodt(415)604-5642

Engineering and TechnicalServices — In engineering and tech-nical services, Ames concentrates onfacility engineering, telecommunica-tions, and administrative computing.

Contact:Jim Hart(415) 604-6251

Telecommunications — Engineeringand advanced systems capability forvoice, video, data communications,computer networking, and networkingresearch.

Contact:Jim Hart(415)604-6251

Artificial Intelligence — Basic andapplied research is conducted in theframework of aerospace domainsincluding space transportation, spacescience, and aeronautics. Threeresearch areas are emphasized:Planning (including both goal- andresources-driven approaches),machine learning (the entire spectrumfrom empirical to knowledge-inten-sive), and the design of and reasoningabout large-scale physical systems(including work in knowledge acquisi-tion, knowledge base maintenance,and all applications to the designprocess).

Contact:Peter Friedland(415) 604-4277

Intelligent Systems Technology —Research is conducted in intelligentcomputational systems for aerospacemissions. Activities addressautonomous operation, evolutionarycapability, real-time performance, andadaptivity. Current research programsinclude parallel systems, fault manage-ment, open computer architectures,analog optical processors for patternrecognition and control tasks, andneural networks. There is also anemphasis on integrating technologiesinto advanced distributed, heteroge-neous systems and developing toolsfor performance evaluation.

Contact:Charles Jorgensen(415)604-6725

Aerophysics

Aerothermodynamics — Providesaerothermodynamic flow-field compu-tational capability to analyze anddesign advanced space transportationconcepts. Also provides the analyticaland turbulence chemistry modelsrequired to compute the viscous/finite-rate flow field and to predictradiation heating to conceptual aeroas-sisted orbital vehicles.

Contact:Thomas A. Edwards(415)604-4465

Aerothermal Materials andStructures — Develops lightweightreusable ceramics and carbon-carbonThermal Protection Systems (TPS) fortransient, high-velocity atmosphericpenetration and develops expendableTPS for planetary probes.

Contact:Tina L. Panonti(415)6046757

Computational MaterialsScience — Develops verified methodsfor predicting material properties andreactions by extending interactionmodels of interatomic and molecularbehavior to the macroscopic level.

Contact:Steven R. Langhoff(415)6046213

28

High Performance Computing —Current advances in high performancecomputing are coming from novelcomputer architectures such as paral-lel processors, vector processors, andheterogeneous networks of comput-ers. The suitability of these architec-tures to solving problems of interest toNASA and the development of newarchitectures that efficiently solvethese problems is the objective of thisresearch. Of particular interest is theinvestigation of architectures to solveproblems arising in computationalfluid dynamics as governed by theNavier-Stokes equations. These investi-gations could include software issuesas well as hardware issues becausethe ultimate goal is to provide theresearcher at Ames with improvedcomputational resources. Currentcomputational resources includeCRAY C90's, iPSC/860, Paragon,Connection Machine 5, and IBM SP2,as well as a network with powerful•workstations and superminis.

Contact:Kenneth Stevens, Jr.(415)604-5649

Scientific Visualization andInteractive Computer Graphics —This research is aimed at the creationof highly interactive and visual envi-ronment for scientists who are devel-oping computer simulations of physicsor who are required to analyze large3-D datasets. Current research is beingdone using Silicon Graphics Worksta-tion connected to supercomputers.

Contact:Tom Lasinski(415)604-4405

Wind Tunnel CompositeApplications — Transfer to compos-ite technology to specific applicationfor the Aerodynamics Division windtunnels. Areas of application include:axial flow compressor blading, gagingfor model support assemblies, and sit-ing assemblies for model supports.Research opportunity exists to devel-op a computer design code for evalu-ating and tailoring composite struc-tures to the specific application.Opportunity also exists in developingfabrication and QA techniques.

Contact:Daniel Petroff(415) 604-5850

Control Algorithm for WindTunnel Support Systems — Developand verify the control algorithm andsoftware for a six-degree-of-freedomCaptive Trajectory System. The systemwill be used in wind tunnel testing toevaluate the aerodynamics of separat-ing vehicles. The task involves usingexisting support systems to accuratelyand safely position the vehicles foracquisition of data, specifying the con-trol hardware, writing the software,and verifying the software.

Contact:Daniel Petroff(415) 604-5850

Computational Fluid Dynamics —Theoretical research in fluid dynamicsusing the Euler and the Navier-Stokesequations, both compressible andincompressible. Includes research onbasis equation formulations, algorithmdevelopment, and code efficiency, aswell as the physics of laminar and tur-bulent flow fields.

Contact:Thomas H. Pulliam(415) 604-6417

Turbulence Physics — Study of thefundamental physics of turbulent andtransitional flows through numericalsimulations. Studies include develop-ing numerical algorithms suitable fordirect and large-eddy simulations ofturbulent flows, developing tools foranalyzing computer-generated databas-es, and developing turbulence modelsfor engineering applications.

Contact:Nagi Mansour(415)604-6420

Joseph Marvin(415) 604-5390

Advanced Instrumentation —Instrumentation techniques are beingdeveloped to measure both mean andfluctuating quantities in complex tur-bulent flow fields. These includethree-dimensional LDV systems, rapidscanning LDV systems, multiple hotwire arrays for spatial and time-depen-dent data, an holography and methodsto measure surface skin friction.

Contact:Joseph G. Marvin(415)604-5390

Unsteady Viscous Flows —Research areas under investigationinclude dynamic stall control, dragreduction of airfoils and wings, andthe control of supersonic transition.Experimental, computational, and the-oretical tools are developed and usedin both basic and applied studies.

Contact:Sanford Davis(415) 604-4197

29

Applied Computational FluidDynamics — This area deals with thedevelopment of new computationalmethodology involving aerodynamicand/or fluid dynamic application asso-ciated with incompressible, subsonic,transonic, supersonic, or hypersonicflight speeds. Computer codes areconstructed and evaluated for applica-tions associated with aircraft or air-craft component aerodynamics, rotor-craft aerodynamics, high-angle-of-attack flows, unsteady flows, andflows with aeroelastic effects.

Contact:Terry L. Hoist(415) 604-6032

Hypersonics — This area deals withthe development of new computation-al methodology involving aerodynamicand/or fluid dynamic applications asso-ciated with hypersonic flight speeds.The physical aspects of this flightregime require emphasis on algo-rithms/codes with accurate heat trans-fer prediction capabilities, strongshock capturing abilities and chemicalequilibrium and nonequilibrium mod-els for air.

Contact:George S. Deiwert(415)604-6198

Space Sciences

In space science, Ames concentrateson research directed at enhancingunderstanding of the origins, evolu-

tion, current state of the universe, thesolar system, the Earth, and life.Principal efforts focus on a multidisci-plinary approach to research activitiesin space science and life science. As afederal research laboratory with strongties to the universities and other gov-ernment laboratory, Ames brings tothe task a small research teamapproach that applies the skills andinterests of the broader science com-munity to these fundamental issues.Particular emphasis in space science isplaced on infrared science and clima-tology, earth airborne sciences, andthe development and application ofselected flight projects and areas ofspace technology relevant to thoseresearch needs. The following areongoing areas of space scienceresearch.

Infrared Astronomy Projects andTechnology Development —Development is conducted for theStratospheric Observatory for InfraredAstronomy (SOFIA). Current researchis focused on the integration of thedesign tools to allow full system simu-lation prior to SOFIA operation. Thetechnology tasks include optics, detec-tors, and cryogenics. Advanced mir-rors materials are studied in a uniquelow-temperature facility. Multi-elementIR detector arrays are developed andcharacterized for space astronomy.Advanced efficiency cooling tech-niques are developed for space.

Contact:Chris Wiltsee(415)604-5917

Craig McCreight(415)604-6549

Theoretical Astrophysics —Research is being conducted on starformation, circumstellar disks, thephysics and chemistry of the interstel-lar medium, and the formation anddynamical evolution of galaxies.Theoretical models involve the appli-cation of computational techniques toproblems in astrophysical gasdynam-ics, radiative transfer, and many-bodysystems.

Contact:Pat Cassen(415)604-5597

Space Projects — Development ofsystems and scientific instrumentationwith which to explore space and tostudy biological effects of weightless-ness. This includes development of abiological research capability withplants and animals on Space StationFreedom, development of instrumenta-tion to be used on interplanetaryflights and atmospheric penetrations,management of the ongoing flights ofGalileo's Probe to Jupiter's atmos-phere, of the Pioneer Venus Orbiterabout its planet, and of the Pioneers10 and 11 departing the solar system,and the study and advocacy of scientif-ic instrumentation for future space-craft.

Planetary Science — Research in thisarea includes atmospheric, chemical,radiative, and dynamic models, remotesensing of planetary ring dynamics.

Contact:Pat Cassen(415)604-5597

30

Solar System Exploration — Solarsystem exploration research definesflight experiments and related databases and develops analytical conceptsand prototype flight instrumentationfor the extraterrestrial study of exobi-ology (history of the biogenic ele-ments, chemical evolution, and originand early evolution of life). Particularemphasis is placed on the biogenicelements (C, H, N, O, P, S) and theircompounds as they relate to the com-position and physical characteristics ofthe various bodies and materials of thesolar system, such as cometary nucleiand comae and planetary atmospheresand surfaces. Experiment and instru-ment definition studies for Mars, SpaceStation Freedom microgravity facilities,interplanetary dust particles, andcomet sample return are currentlybeing conducted.

Contact:Glenn Carle(415)604-5765

Life Sciences

In life sciences, Ames concentrates onbiomedicine (the effects of the spaceenvironment on man and other organ-isms), extraterrestrial research, andbiosystems (the ability to support manin the space environment).

Advanced Life Support — AdvancedLife Support at Ames concentrates onthe research and the development oftechnologies required to supporthuman life in space on long durationmissions, for example, transits to Marsand the establishment of bases on the

Moon and Mars. The focuses of thework are on technologies for regenera-tion of life support materials (water,air, and food) through both physical-chemical and bioregenerative process-es, and on new concepts in spacesuites and personal life support sys-tems. The programs have strong tiesto universities and industry, and utilizea multidisciplinary approach to scien-tific, engineering, and developmentissues.

Contact:William Berry(415)604-4930

Physical-Chemical Closed-LoopLife Support — Physical-chemical lifesupport includes modeling and simula-tion, system analysis, and the develop-ment of devices and test-beds. Sub-sys-tems studied include those for:1) air regeneration, including CO2

removal and reduction, and waterelectrolysis; 2) waste management andprocessing, including waste streamseparation and various methods ofwaste oxidation, including incinera-tion, wet oxidation, and super-criticalwater oxidation; 3) water purificationand regeneration; and 4) atmosphericcontamination removal and control.

Contact:Theodore Wydeven(415) 604-5738

Edwin Force(415)604-3755

Bioregenerative Life Support —The focus of the bioregenerative lifesupport area is on the use of plantsand algae as processors and producersof regenerated air, water, and food inthe space environment. Areas stressedinclude: 1) identification of environ-mental conditions required for maxi-mal crop plant productivity; 2) devel-opment of biological methods forwaste water treatment; 3) modeling,

simulation, and control of systemoperation; 4) development of flighthardware for evaluation and qualifica-tion of crop productivity in space; and5) application of technologies todevelop devices for astronauts' dietenhancement.

Contact:Robert MacElroy(415) 604-5573

David Bubenheim(415)604-3209

Extravehicular Systems Researchand Technology — The program pri-marily focuses on manned systems foradvanced zero-g, lunar, and marsexploration. Elements include: pres-sure suit, gloves, portable life support,and control/display interfaces withtelerobotic EVA work aids. Techno-logy development is required in envi-ronmental control systems, controlsand displays, suit mobility joints andmaterials, and in diagnostics, mainte-nance, and checkout support systems.Advances are required to enable safe,routine, and highly productivemanned EVA on future missions.

Contact:Bruce Webbon(415) 604-6646

Space Biology — Space biologyresearch uses the space environment,particularly weightlessness, andground-based space flight simulationsto investigate basic scientific questionsabout the role of gravity in present-dayterrestrial biology and the role it hasplayed during the evolution of livingsystems. The research is divided intothe disciplinary areas of biologicaladaptation, gravity sensing, and devel

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opmental biology. Experiments arecarried out at the subcellular, cellular,tissue, organ, and system levels in dif-fering organisms of the five kingdomsof life.

Contact:Emily Holton(415) 604-5471

Ecosystem Science andTechnology — Interdisciplinaryresearch in ecosystem science andtechnology looks at the role of life inmodulating the complex cycling ofmaterials and energy throughout thebiosphere. Intact ecosystems, withparticular emphasis on temperate andtropical forests, are examined byremote sensing from aircraft andspacecraft and by field site visits, withsubsequent laboratory and computeranalysis of the data gathered.

Contact:Jim Lawless(415) 604-5900

Neurosciences — Research in neuro-sciences examines how the nervoussystem adapts to environmental condi-tions encountered in space, how adap-tive processes can be facilitated, andhow human productivity and reliabili-ty can be enhanced. To elucidatemechanisms underlying adaptation,neurosciences research includes neu-rochemistry, neuroanatomy, neuro-physiology, vestibular physiology, psy-chophysiology, and experimental andphysiological psychology. State-of-the-art facilities include human and animal

centrifuges, linear motion devices, ananimal care facility, a human bed-restfacility, and NASA's VestibularResearch Facility.

Contact:Mai Cohen(415) 604-6441

Space Physiology —Multidisciplinary research in spacephysiology emphasizes the effects ofmicrogravity on cardiovascular, mus-culoskeletal, and regulatory systems ofhumans and animals. Actual micrograv-ity and ground-based models of simu-lated microgravity are used to investi-gate basic mechanisms of adaptationof space and readaptation to Earth.Physiological, biomechanical, cellular,and biochemical factors are also stud-ied to develop appropriate counter-measures for maintaining health, well-being, and performance of humansin space.

Contact:Alan Hargens(415)604-5746

Planetary Biology — Interdiscipl-inary research in planetary biology isaimed at understanding the factors incosmic, solar system, and planetarydevelopment that have influenced theorigin, distribution, and evolution oflife in the universe and the course ofinteraction between biota and earth'ssurface environments. Hypotheses areformulated and tested by two majorapproaches: (1) analysis of samples,such as cosmic dust, planetary materi-als, ancient and recent rocks and sedi-ments, and extant microorganisms,and (2) use of simulation, rangingfrom laboratory experiments to com-puter modeling.

Contact:Sherwood Chang(415) 604-5733

Earth System Science

In Earth System Science, the focus atAmes is to perform and lead researchwithin the disciplines of atmosphericand ecosystem science, with particularemphasis on how the biosphere andatmosphere interact to influence theevolution of the global system on alltime scales.

Earth Atmospheric Chemistry andDynamics — Research in this areaincludes the development of modelsand the use of airborne platforms andspacecraft to study chemical and trans-port processes that determine atmos-pheric composition, dynamics, andclimate. These processes include theeffects of natural and man-made per-turbations.

Contact:Phil Russell(415)604-5404

Ecosystem Science — Research inthis area is directed to advancedunderstanding of the physical andchemical processes of biogeochemicalcycling and ecosystem dynamics ofterrestrial and aquatic ecosystemsthrough the utilization of aerospacetechnology.Contact:David Peterson(415)604-5899

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Hugh L. Dry den Flight Research Center

GSRP Program Administrator;

Ms. Meredith MooreMail Stop 241-3NASA Ames Research CenterMoffett Field, CA 94035(415) 604-5624

The research program at theDryden Flight ResearchFacility, Edwards Air ForceBase, California, is adminis-tered by the Ames ResearchCenter. The program includesmost engineering disciplines inaeronautics, with emphasis onflight systems integration andflight dynamics. The followingdescriptions identify the cur-rent activities relevant to theDryden program for whichqualified students may apply.

Advanced Digital Flight Control —Modeling, simulation, and flight test ofdistributed control systems. Design cri-teria and methods for unconventionalvehicles, including decoupling ofasymmetrical airplanes and stabiliza-tion of highly unstable airframes.

Contact:Joseph Gera(805) 258-3795

Flight Systems — Engineeringaspects of the formulation, design,development, fabrication, evaluation,and calibration of flight control, avion-ic, and instrumentation systems usedonboard complex, highly integratedflight research vehicles. Work withfault tolerant redundant microproces-sor-based control systems, micro-processor-based measurement systems,transducers, actuators, techniques forsystem safety, and hazard analysis.

Contact:Vince Chacon(805) 258-3791

Flight Dynamics — Pilot/aircraftinteraction with advanced control sys-tems and displays, assessing and pre-dicting aircraft controllability, develop-ing flying qualities criteria, parameterestimation, and mathematical modelstructure determination.

Contact:Robert Clarke(805) 258-3799

Flight Test Measurement andInstrumentation — Flow measure-ment, skin friction drag, fuel flow,integrated vehicle motion measure-ments, space positioning, airframedeflection, sensor and transducerminiaturization, and digital dataprocessing.

Contact:Rodney Bogue(805) 258-3193

Fluid Mechanics and Physics —Laminar and turbulent drag reductionconfiguration aerodynamics, experi-mental methods, wing/body aerody-namics, full-scale Reynolds numbertest technology, high angle of attackaerodynamics, applied mathematics,and atmospheric processes.

Contact:Robert Meyers(805) 258-3707

Propulsion/Performance —Propulsion controls, integrated propul-sion/airframe systems, and vehicle per-formance measurement.

Contact:Larry Myers(805) 258-3698

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Structural Dynamics — Aerostruc-tural modeling, vibration and flutteranalyses/predictions, aircraft flutter,flight envelope expansion, groundvibration and inertia testing, aeroser-vo/elasticity, active control of structur-al resonances, and advanced flight testtechnique development.

Contact:Mike Kehoe(805) 258-3708

Aircraft Automation — Knowledge-based systems development, verifica-tion and validation of knowledge-based systems, neural networks,heuristic controllers, knowledge-basedacquisition/implementation, maneuvercontrollers, performance optimization,guidance, pilot-vehicle interface, androbotic aircraft.

Contact:Lee Duke(805) 258-3802

Integrated Test Systems andAircraft Simulation — Developmentof Integrated System Test equipment,including aircraft/simulation interfaceequipment, automated test equipment,and applied artificial intelligence tech-niques for diagnosis and control. Flightsimulation development for advancedaircraft systems in aerodynamic, pro-pulsion, and flight control modeling.

Contact:Dale Mackall(805) 258-3408

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Goddard Space Flight Center

Program Administrator

Dr. Gerald SoffenDirector, University ProgramsCode 160NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, MD 20771(301) 286-9690

The mission of the GoddardSpace Flight Center is toexpand knowledge of the Earthand its environment, the solarsystem, and the universethrough observations fromspace. To assure that our nationmaintains leadership in thisendeavor, we are committed toexcellence in scientific investi-gation, in the development andoperation of space systems, andin the advancement of essentialtechnologies.

Graduate Student ResearchersProgram opportunities areavailable in the Space SciencesDirectorate, the Earth SciencesDirectorate, the EngineeringDirectorate, and the MissionOperations and Data SystemsDirectorate. Research opportu-nities at Goddard's two remotefacilities—the GoddardInstitute for Space Studies inNew York City and the WallopsFlight Facility on WallopsIsland, VA—are included inthese listings. Qualified appli-cants are strongly encouragedto explore areas of interestswith the contacts listed hereprior to submitting a prop-osal. All proposals should cometo the program office inGreenbelt, MD.

Space Sciences Directorate

The Space Sciences Directorate plays aleading role in conceiving and devel-oping instruments and missions forthe scientific exploration of spacethrough its three research organiza-tions:

— Laboratory for High EnergyAstrophysics

— Laboratory for Astronomy and SolarPhysics

— Laboratory for ExtraterrestrialPhysics

The Orbiting Satellites project in theDirectorate manages operating scien-tific spacecraft which were developedby Goddard. The Directorate's SpaceSciences Data Operations Officedesigns and develops long-termarchival systems and provides for pub-lic access to the archives.

Laboratory for High EnergyAstrophysics — High energy astro-physics is the study of those physicalprocesses in an astronomical settingthat typically occur at energies inexcess of the few million degree tem-peratures characteristic of stellar pho-tospheres. Continuum X-ray andgamma ray emission is produced bythe interaction of charged particleswith matter and electromagneticfields, so that the study of such radia-tion is the study of these interactionsin remote settings, while cosmic raystudies sample the charged particledistributions locally. Discrete lines inthe X-ray and gamma ray spectra canbe related to extreme environments incompact objects (ultra-high magneticfields, for example), and can tracenucleosynthesis through nuclear oratomic transitions. In the Laboratoryfor High Energy Astrophysics, a broadprogram of experimental and theoreti-cal research is conducted in all phasesof astrophysics that deal with cosmicparticles and the high energy quanta

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that their interactions produce.Experiments that measure cosmic X-rays, gamma rays, and charged parti-cles are designed built, and flown onballoons, rockets, Earth satellites, anddeep space probes. The resulting dataare analyzed and interpreted by labora-tory scientists and their associates. Inso studying the physics of solar, stel-lar, galactic, and metagalactic highenergy processes, theoretical modelsof the origins and histories of theseparticles and quanta are developed.

Contact:N. White(301) 286-8443Archival X-ray and gamma ray dataanalysis

E.A. Boldt(301) 286-5853Cosmological X-ray studies

J. Swank(301) 286-9167Stellar X-ray sources

R. Mushotzky(301) 286-7579Extragalactic X-ray sources

C.E. Fichtel(301) 286-6281High Energy (>20MeV) gamma rays

T.L. Cline(301) 286-8375Low energy (0.02 - 20 MeV)gamma rays

J.F. Ormes(301) 286-8801Cosmic Rays

R. Ramaty(301)286-8715Theoretical studies

Laboratory for Astronomy andSolar Physics — The Laboratory forAstronomy and Solar Physics conductsa broad program of research in bothobservational and theoretical astrono-my and solar physics. Observationalprograms, including technology andinstrumentation development, spanthe spectral range from X-ray to radiowavelengths. Astrophysical phenome-na of the Sun and stars are studiedwith emphasis on their structure, ori-gin, and evolution. Investigations ofthe gross dynamics and transient prop-erties of the atmospheres of the Sunand other stars are carried out, empha-sizing phenomena revealed by spectro-scopic observations made above theEarth's atmosphere and correlated•with ground-based observations.

The interstellar medium is studied,both on a large scale to elucidate thedistribution of mass and luminosity inthe Galaxy, and in individual clouds toprobe processes of stellar formation,grain characteristics, and cloud chem-istry. The Milky Way galaxy, othergalaxies, quasars, and radio galaxiesare studied, with special emphasis onthose parameters bearing on the pre-sent structure of the universe as well

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as on its origin, age, and future. Thecosmic microwave and infrared back-ground radiations are also studied toprobe the early history of the uni-verse. Additional research includesinvestigations of the chemical historyof the Solar System and the nature ofsolar wind interactions with comets.

Data of interest to laboratory scientistsare currently being obtained from theInternational Ultraviolet Explorer (TUE)and the Goddard High ResolutionSpectrograph (GHRS)on the HubbleSpace Telescope, archival data fromthese missions, the CosmicBackground Explorer (COBE), theSolar Maximum Mission (SMM), theInfrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS)and the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope

(UIT) on the Astro Mission. Soon theSpace Telescope Imaging Spectro-graph (STIS) should produce diffrac-tion-limited spectral imagery wheninstalled in the Hubble Space Tele-scope, and the Solar and HeliosphericObservatory (SOHO) will provide newopportunities for study of the solarcorona.

Two missions, the Far UltravioletSpectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), andthe High Energy Solar Physics (HESP)mission, are currently being studied.Conceptual and technology studies forinfrared array cameras on various plat-forms including the Space InfraredTelescope Facility (SIRTF) are also inprogress. Active suborbital observingprograms are carried out from ground-based, airborne, balloon-borne, androcket-borne instruments.

Contact:Charles Bennett(301) 286-3902Infrared Astronomy

Susan Neff(301)286-5137UV-Optical Astronomy

Richard Fisher(301) 286-5682Solar Physics

Michael Hauser(301) 286-8701Laboratory Chief

Laboratory for ExtraterrestrialPhysics — The Laboratory performsresearch on the physical propertiesand dynamical processes active insolar, planetary, and interplanetarymedia. The chemistry and physicsof planetary atmospheres, the solaratmosphere, planetary magnetos-pheres, comets, and condensed solarsystem matter, including meteorites,asteroids, and planets are studied.

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A major effort is the analysis of datafrom Vpyagers 1 and 2, SAMPEX,ULYSSES, FAST, IMP-8, ICE, GEOTAIL,and suborbital rocket payloads. Thisresearch focuses on plasma studies,including magnetic fields, radio waves,and electron and ion plasmas that arelocated in planetary magnetospheres.Extensive preparations are underwayfor the launches of the WIND, POLAR,and CLUSTER spacecraft, for futurework in space plasma physics, andincludes strong participation in theoryand ground based investigations. TheLaboratory is also preparing for theComposite Infrared Spectrometer andPlasma Spectrometer investigations onthe Cassini mission to be launched toSaturn, and for investigations on theMars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Astrong theoretical effort exists "whichincludes the study of solar wind turbu-lence, the modelling of the magnetos-phere, the non-linear dynamics of themagnetosphere and the developmentof the next generation of adaptive gridMHD simulation codes. Infrared spec-tra of the outer planets are also stud-ied to deduce atmospheric properties.In infrared astronomy, the Laboratorystudies planetary atmospheres, and theinfrared solar spectrum. Studies onmolecules and chemical reactions ofastrophysical and aeronomic interestare also conducted in the special facili-ties of the laboratories.Instrumentation includes various cryo-genic grating and Fabry-perot spec-trometers, a laser heterodyne spec-trometer, and in-house developedinstruments for use on the ground, onspacecraft, on aircraft, and on bal-loons.

Contact:Joseph A. Nuth(301) 286-9467Astrochemistry

Keith W. Ogilvie(301)286-5904Interplanetary Physics

L. Drake Deming(301) 286-6519Planetary Atmospheres, InfraredSpectroscopy & Molecular Structure

Steven A. Curtis(301) 286-9188Planetary Magnetospheres

James A. Slavin(301) 286-5839Electrodynamics

National Space Science DataCenter — The center offers excep-tional opportunities for computer sci-entists seeking to apply advanced datasystems concepts to NASA's challeng-ing space data problems. Areas ofinterest include on-line Data BaseManagement Systems, heterogeneousmultisource data bases, transactionmanagement, and data base logic.

Research is conducted on advanceddata systems for scientific data man-agement using expert systems, database machines, mass storage systemsand computer visualization, and ondeveloping interactive scientific datasystems integrating data archiving, cat-alogue, retrieval, data and imagemanipulation, and transmission tech-niques into distributed systems.

Contact:James Green(301) 286-4643Scientific Data Systems

Joseph King(301) 286-7355Mass Data Storage and Data Media

Greg Goucher(301) 286-9884Computer Visualization

Barry Jacobs(301) 286-5661Data Base Management

James Thieman(301) 286-9790Interoperable Information Systems

Earth Sciences Directorate

The mission of the Earth SciencesDirectorate is to provide leadership inachieving improved observations andunderstanding of global Earth systemsprocesses and trends through thedevelopment and utilization of spacetechnologies. The Earth systems beingstudied range from the deep interior(the core and the source of the mag-netic field, the mantle, and its proper-ties), through the surface (e.g., platemotion, soil formation, biospheric andhydrospheric processes, and ice stud-ies), to the atmosphere (gaseouschemistry, trends, climate models),and beyond (the ionosphere, solarstudies, and planetology). TheDirectorate keeps an aggressive basicand applied research program operat-ing at a level which ensures strongvision and leadership while fulfillingits responsibilities encompassed byNASA and U.S. programs in Earth sci-ences.

Contact:Louis Walter(301) 286-8551

Global Change Data Center —The Global Change Data Center(GCDC) provides Earth science dataoperations and archive management tokey Earth science flight missions. TheCenter ensures that data within thearchive are readily accessible throughthe Goddard Distributed ActiveArchive Center (GSFC/DAAC) and

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operates key advanced data systems tosupport NASA flight missions. TheGCDC interacts closely with the scien-tific community being served.

The Goddard DAAC Facility is respon-sible for the acquisition, archiving, anddissemination of scientific data fromspecific Earth science missions. Itdevelops, implements, and operatesthe GSFC/DAAC data system; inter-faces the GSFC/DAAC with the otherNASA DAAC systems in order to pro-vide timely access to archived dataand information; provides special ser-vices for the Earth science communi-ties; performs scientific analysis; andgenerates multi-disciplinary data bases.It also oversees management of thearchival systems and facilities of theGCDC; maintains the archive and pre-serves valuable information contentagainst physical deterioration of thestorage media; and produces a regularpublication promoting and informingthe science user community of itsarchive contents and services.

The Earth Science Data OperationsFacility works closely with flight pro-ject personnel in data system planningand utilization, and develops andimplements the capability to supportEarth sciences mission needs. TheFacility is responsible for supportinginstrument algorithm developmentand operational project data set pro-duction systems; developing such sys-tems for specific NASA flight projectssuch as the Earth Probes; and develop-ing nationally accessible advanced dataprojects for the area of Earth science.It conducts research in advanced com-puter science methodologies for appli-cation to science data operations, and

oversees management of the computersystems needed to process projectdata systems.

Contact:Stephen Wharton(301) 286-9041Global Change Data Center

Paul Chan(301) 286-0828Goddard DAAC Facility

Richard Kiang(301) 286-2507Earth Science Data Operations Facility

Laboratory for Atmospheres —This laboratory performs a compre-hensive theoretical and experimentalresearch program dedicated to advanc-ing our knowledge and understandingof the atmospheres of the Earth andother planets. The research program isaimed at advancing our understandingof the structure, dynamics, and radia-tive and chemical properties of thetroposphere, stratosphere, and mesos-phere, and thermosphere, determiningthe role of natural and anthropogenictrace species on the ozone balance inthe stratosphere, and advancing ourunderstanding of the physical proper-ties of the atmospheres and ionos-pheres of the Earth and other planets.

Contact:Franco Einaudi(301) 286-5002

Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission (TRMM) Office — The "mis-sion of this office is to develop abroad-based precipitation research andground validation program includingextensive studies in the theory andapplication of radar-rainfall estimation,for the Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission (TRMM). This involves a num-ber of validation sites representing avariety of rainfall regimes in the trop-ics that will meet both the pre-mission

and the three-year mission flight phasescience requirements.

Contact-Otto Thiele(301) 286-9006

Data Assimilation Office —This office uses general circulationmodels and advanced statistical meth-ods to produce global meteorologicaldata sets which are physically andchemically consistent. Research notonly involves all aspects of the assimi-lation system, but also applications ofthe data sets to problems of globalvariability and atmospheric chemistryand transport. Future research willinvolve oceanic and land surfacemodels.

Contact:Richard Rood(301) 286-8203

Satellite Data Utilization Office —Research in this office is orientedtoward development of improvedtechniques to infer surface and atmos-pheric geophysical parameters frommeteorological satellite observationsfor use in weather and climate studies.Major research areas use satellite datafor initialization of general circulationmodels and in production of multiyearclimate data sets to study climate vari-ability and trends. In addition, simula-tion studies are performed on futureinstruments to assess their potentialimpact on weather and climate stud-ies.

Contact:Joel Susskind(301)286-7210

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Mesoscale Dynamics andPrecipitation Branch — This branchperforms research on a broad range ofmeteorological problems ranging fromconvective cloud scale through synop-tic scale to the global scale. Theresearch emphasis is on the initiation,evolution, and impact on atmosphericprecipitating systems and on theremote measurement of precipitation.Scientists in the branch employ theo-retical and numerical modelling meth-ods, observational analyses, and partic-ipate in sensor development for themeasurement of precipitation. Specifictopics include tropical and mid-lati-tude convective precipitation systems,fronts and gravity waves, tropical andextratropical cyclones, air-surfaceinteractions, and global precipitationanalysis.

Contact:Robert Adler(301) 286-9086

Climate and Radiation Branch —The primary function of the Branch isto conduct basic and applied researchwith the goal to improve fundamentalunderstanding of regional and globalclimate on a wide range of spatial andtemporal scales. Research emphasis ison physical processes involving atmos-pheric radiation and dynamics, in par-ticular, processes leading to the forma-tion of clouds and precipitation andtheir effects on the water and energycycles of the Earth. Branch scientistsadopt a variety of approaches to meetthis goal.

Contact:William Lau(301) 286-7208

Planetary Atmospheres Branch —The Planetary Atmospheres Branchconducts theoretical and experimentalresearch in the upper atmospheresand ionospheres of the Earth andother planets. Research in the atmos-pheres of the planets involves concen-tration on the physics and chemistryof their mesospheres, thermospheres,exospheres and ionospheres, and cou-pling between these regimes.

Contact:Richard Hartle(301) 286-8234

Atmospheric ExperimentBranch — This Branch conductsexperimental research in terrestrial,cometary and planetary atmospheresconcerning chemical composition,atmospheric structure and dynamics.Scientists and engineers in the Branchparticipate in scientific investigationsfrom experiment conception throughflight hardware development, spaceflight and data analysis and interpreta-tion. Instruments developed for spaceflight are primarily for the purpose ofin situ measurement of atmosphericparameters.

Contact:Hasso Niemann(301) 286-8706

Atmospheric Chemistry andDynamics Branch — This Branch isinvolved in research aimed at under-standing the radiation-chemistry-dynamics interaction in the tropos-phere-stratosphere-mesosphere sys-tem. Scientists in the branch employglobal-scale modeling; satellite mea-surements, especially of ozone; andthe collection, analysis, and interpreta-tion of global-scale data to aid in thisatmospheric understanding.

Contact:Mark Schoeberl(301) 286-5819

Environmental Sensors Branch —Conceives of and develops advancedremote sensing techniques to measurechemical species and meteorologicalparameters of the earth's atmosphere.Conducts satellite, balloon, aircraft,and ground-based studies and experi-ments leading to improved observa-tional techniques. Performs supportingtheoretical and laboratory studies, anddevelops dependable calibration meth-ods and procedures. Develops appro-priate data analysis algorithms to con-vert observable data into useful geo-physical results. Coordinates withother elements of the Laboratory forAtmospheres in conducting joint stud-ies 'which demonstrate the utility offuture remote sensing systems toregional and/or global scale studies ofthe atmosphere. Concentrates on thedevelopment of new and novel lidarsystems by advancing the state-of-the-art of the systems to meet the needs ofthe atmospheric chemistry and meteo-rological communities.

Contact:Harvey Melfi(301) 286-7024

Laboratory for TerrestrialPhysics — The Laboratory forTerrestrial Physics performs researchdirected at advancing the state ofknowledge in the Earth sciences andthe management of the resources ofthe Earth through the use of spacetechnology.

These efforts include solid Earth geo-physics, geology, space geodesy andthe study of the biosphere.

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Objectives are the complete, fruitfulutilization of data of the Earthobtained from satellites and the devel-opment of future satellite systems thatwill enable deeper understanding ofthe Earth system. Activities includelaboratory and field investigations,acquisition and use of data gatheredaboard spacecraft and aircraft, andnumerical simulation and modelling.

Applicants should discuss potentialresearch programs with the appropri-ate point of contact below.

Contact:David Smith(301) 286-8671

Solid Earth Geophysics — Researchtopics include the structure and com-position of the Earth's interior throughgeodetic studies of the gravity andmagnetic fields, the study of the lithos-phere through magnetic anomalies,the rotational parameters of the Earthand planets, the measurement oftopography with altimeters and thestudy of planetary landforms.

Contact:Herbert Frey(301) 286-5450

Biospheric Studies — These includeresearch on the interactions of electro-magnetic radiation with plant canopiesthat permits the remote measurementof biomass and vigor and the study ofphenomena such as deforestation andacid rain.

Contact:Darrel Williams(301) 286-8860

Experimental Instrumentation —Develops advanced electro-optic andlaser sensors for ground-based, air-borne and spaceborne Earth and plan-etary science applications. Workincludes laser and detector research,sensor development research and con-ceptual design, performance calcula-tions, sensor engineering and fabrica-tion, as well as instrument calibrationand integration. Sensors are used formeasurements of Earth and planetarysurfaces and of the Earth's atmosphereand oceans. Develops and managesadvanced laser sensors, including laseraltimeters and lidar systems, for air-borne and spaceborne use.

Contact:James Abshire(301)286-2611

Sensor Concepts andCalibration — Studies and analysesare directed toward development ofoptical remote sensing systems forobserving reflected solar and emittedthermal radiation from the Earth/atmo-sphere system.

Research in advanced technologiesenables new systems and research intechniques improves the precision ofpre- and post-launch characterization/calibration. Research is directed atdevelopment of methods and method-ologies to track the performance inorbit of sensors such as MODIS forEOS and the AVHRRs and NOAA.Unique tools for these studies includelaboratory standards and a sensorwhich operates on the NASA ER-2aircraft.

Contact:B. Guenther(301) 286-5205

Space Geodesy — Research uses pre-cise geodetic methods, including laserranging and very long baseline inter-ferometry, altimetry, data from highlyaccurate tracking systems such as GPSand doppler, gradiometry and satellite-to-satellite tracking to measure andstudy the motion of the Earth on itsaxis, the kinematics of plate motion,the deformation of the crust, the Earthand ocean tides, and models of thegravity fields of the Earth and planets.

Contact:John Bosworth(301) 286-7052

Laboratory for HydrosphericProcess — The laboratory performstheoretical and experimental researchon various components of the hydro-logical cycle and its role in the com-plete earth system. The program isaimed at observing, understanding,and modeling the global oceans andice, surface hydrology, and mesoscaleatmospheric processes. The laboratoryconducts research on earth observa-tional systems and techniques associat-ed with remote and in-situ sensing.

Contact:Antonio Busalacchi(301) 286^171

Oceans and Ice Branch — Thisbranch conducts oceans and iceresearch to enhance understanding ofthese systems and their relationshipswith other elements of the biosphereand the geosphere. Works on prob-lems in biological, physical, and polaroceanography; glaciology; and margin-al ice zones and air-sea interactions.Pursues interdisciplinary studies, onproblems such as those involving thebiomass, productivity, nutrient distrib-utions, carbon fluxes, geostrophic and

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thermohaline circulation of tropical,mid-latitude, and polar oceans, andupwelling and ice sheets.

Contact:Chester Koblinsky(301) 2864718

Observational Science Branch(Wallops Island, VA) — This branchconducts theoretical and experimentalresearch on observational systems andtechniques for oceanic remote sens-ing. Develops and operates researchfacilities (i.e., wave tank, laboratoryfield standards, aircraft remote sen-sors), ground-based ozone and windsensors to obtain scientific data anddevelop new sensors.

Contact:Dave Clem(804) 824-1515

Hydrological Sciences Branch —The Hydrological Sciences Branch con-ducts research activities which con-tribute to an improved understandingof the exchange of water between theEarth's surface and its atmosphere.These research activities emphasizethe use of remote sensing over a widerange of electromagnetic frequenciesas a means of studying various hydro-logical processes and states, such asprecipitation, evapotranspiration, soilmoisture, snow and ice cover, andfluxes of moisture and energy. In addi-tion, advanced numerical and analyti-cal models are developed.

Contact:E. Engman(301) 286-5480

Microwave Sensors Branch — Thisbranch performs research and devel-opment on advanced microwave sens-ing systems and data collection sys-tems directed at providing remote andin situ data for research in the areas ofthe oceans, ecology, weather, climate,and hydrology. Performs basic theoret-ical , laboratory and field studies thatelucidate the interaction of electro-magnetic radiation with the environ-ment to improve our understanding ofremote sensing systems. Branch mem-bers contribute to the development ofmicrowave science and engineeringfor the Tropical Rainfall MeasurementMission (TRMM), the Earth ObservingSystem (EOS), and various airbornecampaigns.

Contact:James Weinmann(301) 286-3175

SeaWiFS Project — The Sea-viewingWide-Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS),to be launched on Orbital SciencesCorporation's SeaStar satellite inSeptember 1994, will provide globalobservations of ocean color for NASA.These data will be used to assess phy-toplankton abundance, ocean produc-tivity, and the ocean's role in the glob-al carbon cycle. In addition, the obser-vations will help visualize oceandynamics and the relationshipsbetween ocean physics and large-scalepatterns of productivity.

Contact:Wayne Esaias(301) 286-5465

Space Data and ComputingDivision — The Space Data andComputing Division (SDCD) enablesNASA-supported scientists to increasetheir understanding of Earth and itsenvironment, the Solar System, andthe Universe through the computa-tional use of space-borne observationsand computer modeling. To help

assure the research success of NASA-and Goddard Space Flight Center(GSFQ-related projects and programs,we are committed to providing the sci-ence community with access to state-of-the-art high performance comput-ing, leading-edge mass storage tech-nologies, advanced information sys-tems, and the computational scienceexpertise of a staff dedicated to sup-porting that community.

The SDCD manages and operates theNASA Center for ComputationalSciences (NCCS), a primary supercom-puting and data storage center for sup-port of NASA missions and programs,and, on a national basis, for approvedprograms of the external NASA anduniversity communities. The SDCD uti-lizes state-of-the-art computationalequipment and data systems to pro-vide end-to-end support of computa-tional research conducted by the Earthand Space Sciences Directorates atGSFC and to a somewhat lesser extentexternal NASA approved researchinvestigators. Specifically, the SDCDmeets its science-driven requirementsby providing specialized computation-al processing and archival services forapproved projects and individual sci-entists as well. In addition, the SDCDprovides support in the areas of sensoralgorithms for direct ground communi-cations readout of satellite transmis-sions, information processing, disci-pline data base management systems,high performance computing and par-allel processing, high speed local andwide area network support, andadvanced science data visualizationssystems.

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The NCCS engages in the applicationof advanced computer system archi-tectures, such as the CRAY C-98, andmassively parallel machines such asthe MASPAR MP-2, to support com-plex computational physics modelingefforts. These modeling effortsinvolve, for example, studies of cou-pled multi-dimensional ocean andatmospheric systems, multi-dimension-al magnetospheric-ionospheric sys-tems, and astrophysical processes.Specific research opportunities existfor development of new numericalalgorithms in computational physicsthat utilize advanced computer archi-tectures, development of advanced sci-entific visualization, algorithms forvisualization of space and Earth sci-ence processes, and the developmentof advanced techniques for managingdecaterabyte mass data storage anddelivery systems.

Contact:Jan M. Hollis(301) 286-7591

Goddard Institute for SpaceStudies (New York, NY) — TheInstitute for Space Studies conductscomprehensive theoretical and experi-mental research programs in fourmajor areas.

Causes of Long-Term ClimateChange — Basic research on thenature of climate change and climaticprocesses, including the developmentof numerical climate models. Primaryemphasis is on decadal or end-of-cen-tury global-scale simulations, includingstudies of humanity's potential impacton the climate. Climate sensitivity andmechanisms of climatic change areinvestigated in global paleoclimaticresearch, specifically from the compar-ison of pollen and glacial data with

paleoclimatic model simulations. Inaddition to their use for climate simu-lations, the global models are used tosimulate the transport of atmosphericconstituents and thus study their glob-al geochemical cycles. The programalso includes development of tech-niques to infer global cloud, aerosoland surface properties from satellite-radiance measurements as part of theInternational Satellite CloudClimatology Project and the EarthObserving system and analysis of therole of clouds in climate.

Contact:Anthony Del Genio(212) 678-5588Convection and Clouds

James Hansen(212) 678-5619Greenhouse Effect

Dorothy Peteet(212)678-5593Paleoclimate, Pollen Studies

David Rind(212) 578-5593Climate Dynamics, Stratosphere

William Rossow(212) 678-5567Global Cloud Properties

Andrew Lacis(212) 678-5595Radiative Processes

Planetary Atmospheres —Concerned with investigations ofJupiter, Saturn, Venus, and the Earth.The observational phase of the pro-gram includes imaging and polariza-tion measurements from the PioneerVenus Orbiter and radiation-budget,temperature-sounding, photometric,and polarization measurements fromthe Galileo Jupiter Orbiter. The theo-retical phase of the program includesinterpretation of radiation measure-ments of planets to deduce bulkatmospheric composition and thenature and distribution of clouds and

aerosols, and analytical models.Emphasis in the theoretical program ison analysis of physical processes interms of general principles and modelsapplicable to all planets.

Contact-Michael Allison(212)678-5554

Anthony Del Genio(212)678-5538Atmospheric Dynamics

Larry Travis(212)678-5599

Barbara Carlson(212) 678-5538Radiative Transfer

Biogeochemical Cycles — Researchon global biogeochemical cyclesinvolving the study of chemically andradiatively important trace gases. Theaim is to improve our understandingof the cycles of CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs,O3, NOX, OH, and other trace com-pounds which are expected to affectclimate and air quality in the nearfuture. The research involves three-dimensional chemical tracer models,which are essential for determiningthe sources and sinks of these gasesand for predicting future atmosphericcomposition. Central to the program isthe investigation of the role of thebiosphere, terrestrial and oceanic, inthe global carbon cycle using a combi-nation of satellite measurements andmodeling.

Contact:Inez Fung(212)678-5590Carbon Cycle, Ocean Modeling

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Interdisciplinary Research —Interdisciplinary research ranges fromtheoretical studies of the origin of thesolar system to relationships betweenthe Sun, terrestrial climate, geologicalprocesses, and biology. One phase ofthe program involves the structureand evolution of accretion disks, espe-cially the primitive solar nebula, usingmodels of large-scale turbulence.Another topic is the calculation ofmolecular properties of atmosphericand astrophysical interest. A third areaconcerns the evolution and pulsationof bright stars, which may be analogsof the Sun. A biological question ofspecial interest concerns how terrestri-al vegetation will change during thenext 50 years, when climate andatmospheric CO2 are expected to bechanging.

Contact:Vittorio Canute(212) 678-5571

Sheldon Green(212) 678-5562Molecular Calculations

Richard Stothers(212) 678-5605Stars, Climate Studies

Dorothy Peteet(212) 678-5587Biology

Engineering Directorate

The Engineering Directorate supportsNASA Space and Earth Sciences andapplication programs through techni-cal research and development. TheDirectorates enabling technology pro-gram increases knowledge and

capabilities in areas necessary for thesuccess of assigned NASA missions.The design, development and test ofcomponents, subsystems, instrumentsand spacecraft for multiple programsand projects is an important part ofthe mission of the EngineeringDirectorate. The EngineeringDirectorate oversees the in-housedevelopment of flight hardware andsoftware including instruments,Attached Shuttle Payloads, and SmallExplorer Spacecraft, and provides sys-tem and discipline engineering sup-port for space and Earth Science mis-sions such as the Hubble SpaceTelescope and Earth ObservingSystem.

Contact-Henry Plotkin(301) 286-6185

Thermal DevelopmentLaboratory — This laboratory isresponsible for the development ofnew thermal control technology forfuture NASA spacecraft. Current workefforts focus on such technologies ascryogenic heat pipes, two-phase capil-lary pumped loops, and heat pumps.The scope of the work encompassesconcept development, breadboard toprototype testing, conduction of flightexperiments, and analysis. The 7000square foot laboratory/office area hasnumerous test loops. These range insize from small benchtop units to an 8ft. by 30 ft. facility, which is thelargest known modular two-phase testbed. A wide variety of instrumenta-tion, data collection/processing, andother support equipment are availableto support these testing efforts.

Contact:Theodore Swanson(301) 2866952

Optics Laboratory — The OpticsBranch conducts research and devel-opment programs in the optical sci-ences and engineering to supportflight experiment development in theareas of high energy astrophysics,solar and stellar astronomy, atmos-pheric sciences, and ocean and terres-trial sciences. Specific research anddevelopment objectives include opti-cal property characterization of solidsand thin films, diffraction grating tech-nology, optical system design andanalysis, and advanced optical fabrica-tion and testing. Modern laboratoryfacilities are equipped for opticalproperty studies in the far-infrared tothe extreme ultraviolet, generation ofholographic diffraction gratings, andoptical fabrication and testing. In addi-tion, extensive computer facilities areavailable to support optical design andanalysis studies.

Contact:John Osantowski(301) 286-3873

Electromechanical Branch —Develops mechanical, optomechani-cal, and electromechanical systemsrequired to support flight instrumentand spacecraft projects. Conductsadvanced and supporting research anddevelopment efforts to support newtechnology, such as magnetic bearingsand cryogenic mechanisms, applicableto existing and future spaceflightrequirements. Deployable appendagessuch as magnetometer booms and 100meter long electric field antennas aredeveloped. Flight structures ranging insize from small optical benches toinstruments weighing several tons areprovided. Electromechanical systemsand their control electronics are devel-oped, taking into account the effect ofspacecraft structural disturbances (jit

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ter) where applicable. Modern labora-tory facilities are equipped for electro-mechanical fabrication and testing.

Contact:Mike Hagopian(301) 286-7854

Willie Blanco(301) 286-3964

Cryogenics Laboratory — This labo-ratory conducts research and develop-ment programs in low temperaturephysics in support of astrophysicsgoals. General research objectives arethe development of low temperaturemicrocalorimeters for the detectionand imaging of charged particles andradiation, and high-precision and high-accuracy thermometry. Currentresearch focuses on detectors and sen-sors using thin-film superconductors.This includes the development ofdetectors using tunnel junctions toobtain energy and/or spatial resolu-tion, kinetic inductance calorimeters,and thermometry using superconduc-tors. Modern laboratory facilities areequipped for detector characteriza-tion, including cryogenic workstationswith automated data collection,SQUID systems, dilution and adiabaticdemagnetization refrigerators, andfacilities for evaporation and sputter-ing of thin films.

Contact:Stephen Castles(301) 286-5405

Photonics & Automated SystemsBranch — This Branch conducts abroad program of applied research inoptics, electro-optics and autonomoussystems, including high power semi-conductor lasers, diode-pumped solidstate lasers, passive focal plane sensor

systems used for remote sensing appli-cations and telerobotic systems. Amajor thrust exists in the investigationof the use of laser diodes as the trans-mitter source for active remote sens-ing instruments. Both the physics andengineering aspects of these systemsare under investigation.

Instrumentation is being developed forground-based and flight observationalresearch from ultraviolet to far-infraredwavelengths. Technologies underdevelopment include acousto-optictunable filters, cryogenic cameras,interferometers and spectrometers.The Branch also supports the develop-ment of automated systems for GSFCmanaged programs and servicing mis-sions.

Contact:John Wolfgang(301) 286-2219Photonics Branch

Mechanical Engineering Branch —The Mechanical Engineering Branchperforms structural and mechanicaldesign for in-house STS and ELYlaunched spacecraft, instruments, andmechanical ground support equip-ment. These designs include space-craft and instrument primary and sec-ondary structures; deployableappendages such as solar arrays andantennas; flight mechanisms such asactuators, hinges and release mecha-nisms; and mechanical ground supportequipment such as lift slings, dollies,containers, and g-negation hardware.The Branch also provides support forfabrication, assembly, integration, andtesting of spacecraft and instrumentstructures including structural designresearch and design optimization ofadvanced composite materials. TheBranch performs structural analyses insupport of flight hardware design andtesting and provides advanced devel-opment for maintaining state-of-the-artCAD/CAM technology.

Contact:R. Ken Hinkle(301) 286-6003

James Woods(301) 286-2251

Gary Jones(301) 286-5837Structural and Mechanical Designand Analysis

Mission Operations and DataSystems Directorate

The Mission Operations and DataSystems Directorate is responsible forthe following: (1) planning, design,development, and operation of space-flight tracking and communicationsnetworks and data systems support ofnear-earth spaceflight missions; (2)activities in mission planning, missionanalysis, space and ground networkoperations, spacecraft and payloadcommand and control, flight dynam-ics, information processing, and flightmission operations; (3) planning andapplied research development ofadvanced data systems and telecom-munications systems in support ofspaceflight missions; and (4) ensuringthat space and ground communica-tions network, mission analysis andsupport computing capabilities, andend-to-end data systems meet missionsupport requirements and are main-tained at the state of the art.

Contact:Donald Wilson(301) 286-7550New Technology and Data StandardsManager

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Data Systems TechnologyDivision — The Data SystemsTechnology Division develops andapplies systems, hardware, and soft-ware technologies to support complexcommand and control, communica-tions, and telemetry data processingrequirements of future space missions.The division performs advanced tech-nology development in high perfor-mance VLSI systems for telemetry pro-cessing, high data rate/volume datastorage architectures, distributed sys-tems and networks, computer-aidedsoftware engineering, human-machineinterface technology, and artificialintelligence-primarily in the areas ofknowledge-based, model-based, andagent-based systems; planning andscheduling; and monitoring and con-trol. Joint projects are formed withother Goddard organizations to trans-fer technology from the laboratoryinto operational systems through thedevelopment of test beds andadvanced operational prototypes.Application projects include VLSI-based telemetry front end processorsand workstations, a test bed for dis-tributed mission planning and schedul-ing, a computer-aided systems engi-neering support environment, anadvanced user interface design anddevelopment environment (TAE Plus),an agent technology test bed, and aprototype sel-organizing network fordistributed telemetry systems. Divisionlaboratory facilities provide some ofthe most advanced systems design anddevelopment capabilities available,including a complete suite of VLSIdesign tools, libraries, and worksta-tions; advanced commercial paralleldisk farms; VME components for sys-tem integration; workstations from

SUN, HP, DEC, IBM, Silicon Graphics,and NEXT; advanced tools for systemsand software engineering, modeling,and human-computer interface design;and expert systems shells and develop-ment environments.

Contact:Toby Bennett(301) 286-5406VLSI systems

Sylvia Sheppard(301) 286-5049Human-Machine InterfacesComputer Aided Systems Engineering

Jay Costenbader(301) 286-5292Planning and Scheduling

Walt Truszkowski(301) 286-8821Artificial Intelligence

Flight Dynamics Division —Research is conducted toward thedevelopment of algorithms and tech-niques to support flight dynamics mis-sion requirements. Areas of particularinterest are spacecraft orbit and atti-tude dynamics modeling and thedevelopment of dynamics simulators,planning of launch and maneuverparameters to tailor spacecraft trajec-tories for specific missions, analysisand evaluation of advanced sensor andactuator hardware including the char-acterization of error sources, anddevelopment of efficient and robustalgorithms for the estimation of space-craft attitude and orbit parameters.This research depends on contribu-tions from astrodynamics, linear andnonlinear estimation theory, systemidentification, linear and nonlineardynamic system analysis, and appliedmathematics.

Major experiments are currently activeor planned in the following disci-plines:• Ada, as a development language and

overall design discipline• Reusable software concepts and

approaches• Structured methodologies such as

the "Clean Room" approach• Software development environments• Software maintenance tools and

techniques

Research in the systems engineeringdisciplines includes:• Development of advanced graphics

techniques for flight dynamics prob-lems

• Application of expert system tech-nology to flight dynamics.

Contact:Rose Pajerski(301) 286-3010

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Program Administrators:

Dr. Fredrick ShairEducational Affairs OfficeMail Stop 183-900Jet Propulsion Laboratory4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena, CA 91109-8099(818) 354-8251

Ms. Carol S. HixEducational Affairs OfficeMail Stop 183-900Jet Propulsion Laboratory4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena, CA 91109-8099(818) 354-3274

The primary role of the JetPropulsion Laboratory (JPL)within the NASA family is theexploration of the solar system,including planet Earth, bymeans of unmanned,autonomous spacecraft, andinstruments.

In addition, an active com-munity of JPL scientists, tech-nologists, and engineers isengaged in Earth atmosphereand geosciences, oceanography,planetary (including asteroidand comet) studies, and solar,interplanetary, interstellar,and astrophysical disciplines.Opportunities for GraduateStudent Researchers exist inall technical divisions of JPL.These technical divisions, orga-nized by general disciplinearea, encompass almost all JPLengineering and scienceresources. Each technical divi-sion is concerned with theplanning, design, development,engineering, and implementa-tion functions relevant to itsdiscipline area. Fundamentalto the structure of JPL is thecooperation among theresearch, science and advancedtechnology and the engineeringfunctions of these operatingdivisions.

Systems Division

The Systems Division performs sys-tems engineering and design integra-tion for all the major projects under-taken by JPL. It also conducts special-ized analyses in many disciplines tosupport these projects.

Contact:Kent Frewing(818) 354-6780

Mission Design — Includes inter-planetary spacecraft trajectory design,planning mission timelines to accom-modate science requirements, launchvehicle trajectory analysis, studies ofadvanced interplanetary scientific mis-sions, and software development tosupport mission design and analysis.

Spacecraft Systems Engineering —Supports JPL flight projects by provid-ing design integration of the totalspacecraft system, including its inter-faces with the launch vehicle and withits scientific instrument payload. Italso conducts studies and analyses ofadvanced future spacecraft designsand analyzes the performance ofspacecraft in flight.

Navigation Systems — Develops thecapability to determine very preciselythe position and velocity of scientificspacecraft in interplanetary spacethrough radiometric and optical tech-niques, designs propulsive maneuversto place spacecraft on correct trajecto-ries, develops complex software tosolve the equations of motion, andconducts scientific studies of relativis-tic gravity, planetary orbital dynamicsgravitational radiation and planetarymasses and gravity fields using space-craft radio tracking data.

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Mission Profile and Sequencing —Develops the detailed sequences to beexecuted by interplanetary spacecraft,plans the commands required to carryout the sequences, and develops thesoftware that keeps track of the com-mand sequences and ensures the com-mands will safely perform the desiredfunctions. Provides support to scienceactivity development and implementa-tion. Conducts research related toplanning and sequencing softwaretechnology.

Project Test and Operations —Performs planning, management andperformance of test, integration andlaunch activities for major systems,including spacecraft, science instru-ments, ground data systems andground support equipment. Conductsresearch and development for integra-tion and test technologies and oper-ates and manages JPL's majorSpacecraft Assembly Facility.

Mission Information SystemsEngineering — Supports JPL flightprojects in the development of plansfor the operation of interplanetaryspacecraft in flight. This involvesdesign of the end-to-end data systemfrom the spacecraft instrument to thescientist receiving the data, as well asdesign of ground-based systems ofhardware, software, and teams usedto control the spacecraft and processthe data.

Systems Analysis — Performs eco-nomics, operations research, costing,and mission analyses for a broad spec-trum of unmanned and manned spaceprojects and military and civilianground-based programs.

Technology and ApplicationsSystems Engineering — Performssystem level design, integration, anddevelopment of information systems,including computer hardware andsoftware and large distributed nearreal time ground data processing. Di-sciplines include traditional electrical,mechanical, aeronautical, and aero-space engineering, along with comput-er science, operations research, eco-nomics, and the physical sciences.

Earth and Space SciencesDivision

The division conducts a wide-rangingprogram of research in oceanography,the atmospheres and solid bodies ofEarth and other planets, planetarysatellites, asteroids, comets, inter-planetary medium, and selected solar,stellar, and interstallar phenomena.Ground-based observations, aircraft,balloons, and Earth-orbiting and plane-tary spacecraft are utilized. Extensivelaboratory and theoretical researchefforts, data analysis, interpretation,and modeling support these observa-tional programs.

Contact:Clifford Heindl(818) 354-4603

Oceanography — Altimetry for deter-mining currents and tides; air-sea inter-actions including, fluxes of mass, mo-mentum, energy, and chemicals be-tween ocean and atmosphere; deter-mination of marine biomass and oceanproductivity; sea ice dynamics andinfluence on climate variability; globalsurface temperature measurements;surface driving forces and wave propa-gation derived from radar observa-tions.

Contact:Donald Collins(818) 354-3473

Earth Atmosphere — Laboratoryresearch, field measurements, and dataanalysis to understand the chemistryof stratospheric ozone; monitoring oflong-term trends in important minorand trace constituents; extraction ofmeteorological parameters from satel-lite data, including temperature pro-files, humidity, clouds, winds, andpressure.

Contact:James Margitan(818) 354-2170

Planetary Atmospheres —Observations from ground-based tele-scopes and analysis of spacecraft datato determine composition, structure,and dynamics; long-term study of sea-sonal and interannual variability; glob-al mapping; synthesis of informationto determine physical processes andstate of the atmospheres.

Contact:Jay Goguen(818) 354-8748

Earth Geoscience —Characterization of exposed rocks,sediments, and soils on the Earth's sur-face to understand the evolution ofthe continents; examine state anddynamics of biological land cover forassessment of the role of biota in glob-al processes; tectonic plate motion;volcanology; paleoclimatology.

Contact:Diane Evans(818) 354-2418

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Planetology — Observations of thesurface of the inner planets, satellitesand rings of the outer planets, aster-oids and comets across the spectralrange from ultraviolet through activeand passive microwave; studies ofmeteorites and cosmic dust; theoryand modeling relevant to the originand evolution of the solid bodies ofthe solar system; development ofapproaches to the detection and char-acterization of solar systems aroundother stars.

Contact:Charles Yoder(818) 354-2444

Space Physics — Mapping of themagnetic fields of the Sun and planetsand their time variations; structure anddynamics of the solar wind; and inter-actions of solar fields and particleswith the magnetic fields and outeratmospheres of Earth and planets.

Contact:Marcia Neugebauer(818) 354-2005

Astrophysics — Variability of thesolar constant; sky survey of infraredsources; composition and chemistry ofinterstellar clouds; identification ofgamma-ray sources within the galaxyand beyond; observations of superno-va 1987A; studies of gravitational wavedetection utilizing spacecraft.

Contact:James Ling(818) 354-2819

TelecommunicationsScience and EngineeringDivision

Astrophysics — Observational andtheoretical research into the nature ofradio emissions from quasars, galaxies,and stars.

Contact:Robert Preston(818) 354-6895

Gravitational Wave Studies —Algorithm development and dataanalysis of spacecraft tracking data forthe detection of very low-frequencygravitational waves predicted by gen-eral relativity and other theories ofgravity.

Contact:John Armstrong(818) 354-3151

Planetary Atmospheres andInterplanetary Media —Experimental and theoretical researchinvestigations based on the use ofspacecraft radio signals to probe plan-etary atmospheres and the interplane-tary/solar plasma.

Contact:Richard Woo(818) 354-3945

Planetary Dynamics — Determina-tion of orbital, rotational, or atmos-pheric motions of planets by trackingof spacecraft or balloons associatedwith the planets.

Contact:Robert Preston(818) 354-6895

Asteroid Dynamics — Study orbitalevolution of main belt and planetcrossing asteroids, resonances, andasteroid families.

Contact:James Williams(818) 354-6466

Geodynamics — Experimental andtheoretical investigations of global andregional phenomena using the modernspace geodetic techniques of lunarlaser ranging, Very Long BaselineInterferometry (VLBI) and the GlobalPositioning System (GPS).

Contact:Jean Dickey(818) 354-3235

Information Theory and Coding —Theoretical research into informationtheory, channel and source codingswith special emphasis on very noisychannels and some interest in fadingand band-limited channels.

Contact:Laif Swanson(818) 354-2757

Optical Communication — Theo-retical and experimental research in-volving free space laser communica-tions systems, components, and tech-niques, and including such items aslasers, detectors, modulators, signaldesign, large telescope design, spatialand temporal acquisition and tracking,detection strategies, and channelcoding.

Contact:James Lesh(818) 354-2766

Frequency Standards Research —Experimental investigations includingultra-high resolution spectroscopy tosupport development of stable sourcesof microwave and optical frequencies.

Contact:Lute Maleki(818) 354-3688

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Planetary Radar Astronomy —Experimental and theoretical researchin planetary surfaces, atmospheres,and rings (including geology, spindynamics, and scattering properties ofrings and cometary debris swarms)using the ground-based Goldstoneradar system, the very large array, andArecibo Observatory to form images ofterrestrial planets, asteroids, andcomets.

Contact:Martin Slade(818) 354-2765

Radar Remote Sensing of theEarth — Experimental and theoreticalinvestigations in remote observationof the Earth's surface through radarscattering properties, for example,polarization and interferometry todetermine the structure and motion ofregions of interest.

Contact:Howard Zebker(818) 354-8780

Avionlc Systems andTechnology Division

Control Systems — Developmentof electronics, actuators and sensors toenable precision control of space sys-tems. Development of modeling andsimulation tools, computational proce-dures and architectures for design andanalysis of electromechanical controlsystems.

Contact:Guy K. Man(818) 354-7142

Autonomous Control and TrackingSystems — System architectures,sensors, and actuators for autonomousrendezvous, docking, aerobraking, andlanding. Development of concepts toenable high bandwidth control of flex-ible space structures and to provideactive space control. Advanced controlsystems and algorithm developmentfor target tracking.

Contact:George Sevaston(818) 3544)395

Electro-optical TrackingSystems — Development and testingof electro-optical sensors and algo-rithms for star, limb, and target-featuretracking. Development of interfero-metric metrology sensors and systems.

Contact:Randy Bartman(818) 354-5320

Power Research andEngineering — Development oflightweight, high-power fuel cells;high efficiency thermal-to-electricconversion for space nuclear power;high energy batteries; power electron-ics and automated power systemsmanagement.

Contact:Perry Bankston(818) 354-6793

Flight Computers — Developmentof computer technology for flightapplication, including advanced micro-electronic and fault-tolerant architec-tures, multi-chip modules, ultra-lowpower VLSI, radiation tolerance, highspeed optical computing and net-working.

Contact:Leon Alkalaj(818) 354-5988

Microelectronic DeviceResearch — A wide variety ofresearch is being pursued using thenew Microdevices Laboratory: submil-limeter and infrared radiation detec-tors, electron tunneling microscopy,quantum will structures, molecularbeam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposi-tion, E-beam lithography, transmissionelectron microscopy, etc.

Contact:Barbara Wilson(818) 354-2969

Autonomous Mobile Vehicle —Real-time path planning in uncertainterrains; wheeled locomotion andmobility, image processing for rovercontrol, and combined mobility andmanipulation.

ContactBrian Wilcox(818) 354-4625

Robot Arm Control — Research inadvanced modeling, adaptive control,hierarchical control software architec-tures, complex task simulation, etc., asthey pertain to redundant dual-armmanipulation systems.

Contact:Homayoun Seraji(818) 354-4839

Advanced Teleoperation andMan-Machine Systems —Man-machine interfaces for advancedteleoperation and supervisory automa-tion, including the development ofelectro-mechanical, graphics, and com-puting architectures. Also, human-fac-tors-based experiments and data analy-sis.

Contact:Paul Schenker(818) 354-2681

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Data Storage Technology —Investigation of semiconductor andmagnetic materials for the develop-ment of data storage technology forspace, including advanced technologysuch as Vertical Bloch Lines (VBL).

Contact:Romney Katti(818) 354-3054

Mechanical Systems Division

The Mechanical Systems Division car-ries out research in propulsion, cryo-genics, structures, materials, and ther-mal sciences. Research opportunitiesexist in polymeric materials withunique electronic and optical proper-ties, use of active members to controlvibrations and for shape control ofprecision structures, cryogenic coolingsystems, including sorption refrigera-tion, adaptation of Stirling cycle cool-ers to space instruments, andadvanced superfluid helium cryostats,electric propulsion and autonomousmobility, and sample acquisition.

Contact:Donald Rapp(818) 354-4931

Information SystemsDevelopment andOperations Division

The Information Systems Developmentand Operations Division performsresearch, development, planning, andoperations related to ground-basedinformation systems for spacecraft

missions and other tasks in the nation-al interest. Activities include: (1) dataacquisition, (2) radiometrics and radioscience, (3) telemetry, (4) monitoringand control, (5) command, (6) datamanagement, (7) non-imaging sciencedata handling, (8) data product genera-tion, (9) institutional computing (andsupercomputing), communication, andcomputer networking services, and(10) institutional and microprocessorsoftware applications.

Research areas include: (1) advancedautomation for spacecraft diagnosisand ground system operations, (2) sim-ulation and graphics for knowledgefusion, data understanding, and train-ing, (3) high-rate, high-capacity infor-mation systems, (4) software produc-tivity and reliability, (5) intelligentaccess to large, interactive hypermediadatabases, (6) high-performance com-puting and networking, (7) numericalanalysis and computational softwarelibraries, and (8) low-cost missionoperations.

Contact:Robert Tausworthe(818) 306-6284

Observational SystemsDivision

The Observational Systems Divisionis responsible for the conception, de-sign, engineering development, andimplementation of a variety of scientif-ic instrumentation for space flightapplications. A key element in the divi-sion is digital image processingresearch and development for spacescience and environmental and Earthresources applications.

Contact:Robert Beale(818) 354-7584

Imaging Systems — Design,development, and implementation ofimaging and spectrographic systemsfor use in space science investigations.Developed imaging systems forVoyager, Galileo, and Hubble SpaceTelescope missions. Currently devel-oping imaging systems for the CassiniMission, and the Multiangle ImagingSpectroradiometer for the EarthObserving Mission. In addition toend-to-end engineering of flight instru-ments, the section is at the forefrontin research and advanced develop-ment for solid state imaging arraydetectors and on focal plane electron-ics for X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, andshortwave infrared detection. Theseadvanced scientific imaging detectorswill support development of the nextgeneration of spaceborne imaging sys-tems, as well as being introduced intocommercial products.

Contact:Christopher Stevens(818) 354-5545

Infrared and AnalyticalInstrument Systems — Conception,design, advanced development, andimplementation of scientific instru-mentation for remote sensing in' theinfrared and in situ analyses of chemi-cal species using mass spectrometryand scanning electron microscopy.Missions addressed include planetaryexploration, Earth remote sensing, andastrophysics. This section is particular-ly active in the development of

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imaging spectrometry for a wide vari-ety of applications. This is a measure-ment technique in which materialsmay be identified through their uniquespectral signatures. The section is alsoactive in the development of enablingtechnology, particularly IR Focal PlaneArrays and related components.

Contact:Mark Herring(818) 354-6817

Microwave ObservationalSystems — Conceive, design, imple-ment, and calibrate scientific radiome-ter systems in the microwave throughsubmillimeter wavelength regions.This includes advanced research andtechnology development of submil-limeter wave components andadvanced spectrometers to supportnear term and future remote sensingmissions. They develop opportunitiesfor new microwave instrument sys-tems with the user community. Theyalso develop theoretical modelsdescribing the interaction betweenmicrowave signals and the atmospher-ic and surface parameters.

Contact:Gary Parks(818) 354-8053

Image Processing Applications andDevelopment — Develops and ap-plies image processing techniques tothe display, analysis, and interpreta-tion of image and image-related data.Utilizing engineering and artificial in-telligence to develop automated andsemi-automated schemes for data inter-pretation. Performs research and de-velopment in image processing. Alsodevelops and applies specialized soft-ware, hardware, and systems architec-tures to increase the speed of compu-tationally intensive functions on largedata sets. Provides image processingand analysis support to the flight pro-jects, imaging teams, and the sciencecommunity.

Contact:Ray Wall(818) 354-5016

Optical Sciences andApplications — Basic and appliedresearch in advanced optics technolo-gies. Uses unique computational toolsfor optical design and system analysisto support development of variousremote sensing systems for astro-physics and Earth and interplanetaryscientific measurements. Large mirroradvanced optical materials, adaptiveoptics, thermal infrared optics, ultra-low scattered light optics,electro-optics, hyperspeed image cor-relators, and sensor systems for theLong-Baseline Michelson StellarInterferometer are examples of studyareas. Development of advanced spaceflight hardware optical systems for usein the visible, infrared, ultraviolet, andsubmillimeter spectral regions for sci-ence applications take place in thissection.

Contact:James Breckinridge(818) 354-6785

Earth Observations AnalysisSystems — Design, develop, validate,and operate data systems for Earth andastrophysical observing systems. Pro-vide algorithms and models both ofthe instruments and the observed phe-nomena necessary to extract meaning-ful geophysical and astrophysical infor-mation from these observations. Usestate-of-the-art parallel computationalsystems to implement these algo-rithms. Areas of active work includeplasma physics, atmospheric model-ing, modeling of electromagnetic scat-tering of microwaves, and radiativetransfer in the atmosphere. Fieldexperiments are also performed.

Contact:Jack Fanselow(818) 354-6323

Science Data Systems — Design,develop, and operate science dataprocessing systems and science dataarchiving systems for NASA and non-NASA missions. In addition, build text-based archival and retrieval systemsusing tools such as Mosaic. Developreusable tools and standards in allareas of archiving and processing toleverage efficiency in operation. Leadin research and development ofarchive products and distribution tech-nologies such as CD-ROMs and net-work access to products.

Contact:Tom Renfrew(818) 3066044

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Hardware Assurance

Microelectronic RadiationHardness Assuracnce — Work isfocused on research and testing of thereliability of electronic parts in theharsh radiation environments experi-enced by NASA spacecraft. Currentactivities include investigations intoradiation effects in electronics andphotonics caused by heavy ions char-acteristic of galactic cosmic rays, elec-trons, protons and "Co gamma rays;simulation of single event effects (SEE)by 2"Cf; and radiation testing of partsfor NASA flight projects. In addition,evaluations are performed of testmethodologies and process technolo-gies used to produce reliable, radia-tion-tolerant microelectronic circuitssuch as application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs) and large memo-ries (SRAMs, DRAMs).

Contact:Charles Barnes(818) 3544467

Systems Assurance

This division conducts research in awide range of areas concerned withthe quality and reliability of spacecraftsystems. Research opportunities existin the modeling, analysis, and simula-tion of the natural and induced space-craft mission environments and oftheir effects on spacecraft systems,subsystems, and individual compo-

nents. Software reliability analyses andmetrics definition are other areas ofrapidly growing research. Specificissues associated with software, space-craft sensors, control systems, andother flight hardware are of interest.

Contact:A.G. Brejcha(818) 354-3080

Reliability Engineering — Developsreliability and environmental design,analysis, and test requirements for allJPL flight projects. Reliability activitiesinclude electrical and mechanicalanalyses and environmental require-ments activities include: thermal,dynamics, electromagnetic compatibil-ity, and natural space environments.Natural environments include solarand planetary thermal conditions,micrometeoroids and space debris,and space plasma. Induced environ-ments include vibration, acoustic,pyrotechnic shock, and thermal loads,electromagnetic effects, spacecraftcharging, etc.

Contact:T.E. Gindorf(818) 354-4451

Software Product Assurance —Software Product Assurance has theobjective to help ensure the opera-tional integrity of the software devel-oped for JPL systems, and evaluatesthe operational requirements, theacceptability and readiness of all soft-ware prior to delivery. It also research-es advanced techniques in softwareengineering, human computer inter-face, software safety, and metrics, andperforms technology transfer to tech-niques tailored for the JPL and NASAenvironment to improve the quality ofsoftware within JPL and NASA.

Contact:R. Santiago(818) 354-2452

Multimission OperationsSystems Office (MOSO)

The Multimission Operations SystemsOffice integrates the development ofhardware and software tools to pro-vide efficient and effective multimis-sion operations systems and servicesto JPL's planetary science projects inorder to minimize the cost of missionoperations and data analysis. Thesesystems and services include space-craft analysis and navigation, missionplanning and sequencing, scienceanalysis, mission control and data man-agement, computers and communica-tions, and telemetry.

Contact:Steve Huffman(818) 354-6068

Chief Engineer — Provides top-levelproblem identification, isolation, andcorrection activity. Activities currentlyinclude data system security, spaceflight operations facility security, anddata systems standards.

Contact:Bob Polansky(818) 354-4940

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Program Control andAdministration (PC&A) —Integrates the resources planning,scheduling, statusing, and reportingfunctions to provide costs and sched-ule control tools for management.Office utilization and automation, per-sonnel administration, network admin-istration, and inventory control arealso integral parts of the PC&A func-tion. Client/server architecture andLAN technology serves as the back-bone for communications between thePC&A functions and all levels of man-agement.

Contact:Kirk Gerbracht(818) 354-3107

Advanced Systems — Focuses onthe development and utilization ofadvanced technology for mission oper-ations and data analysis with the pri-mary goal of increased productivityat lower cost.

Contact:Barbara Anderson(818) 354-0896

Flight Projects Interface — Providesthe focus for interactions between theMultimission Operations SystemsOffice (MOSO) and various flight pro-jects, assuring proper understandingand documentation of flight projectrequirements and the Flight SupportOffice commitments to the projects.

Contact:Al Beers(818) 354-3416

System Integration andVerification — Manages system inte-gration and test, configuration man-agement, system administration andhardware quality assurance activities.System Integration and Test activitiesintegrate qualified software subsys-tems into an executable system config-uration and demonstrate performanceagainst contractual and approved userrequirements. Configuration manage-ment services include configurationidentification, configuration control,configuration audits and statusaccounting. Configuration Manage-ment implements, controls and mea-sures engineering processes used tosupport the flight projects.

System Administration includes theactivities required to maintain theMultimission Ground Data System(MGDS) environment in the opera-tional configuration. SystemAdministration monitors and managesthe network configuration and imple-ments security procedures to preventunauthorized access to the system.Hardware Quality Assurance consistsof the system, procedures, and activi-ties for assuring that an item will per-form satisfactorily in actual operationby verifying that materials, construc-tion, and testing meet the require-ments of project and procurementspecifications.

Contact:Andy Dowen(818) 354-8191

Flight Support Facilities —Maintains critical Space FlightOperations Facility resources such asemergency power, communicationscapabilities, and Deep Space Networkinterface. Controls the facility configu-ration during critical mission phasessuch as launch and encounter.Evaluates space requirements for flightproject's Mission Support areas andplans facility modifications asrequired.

Contact:Jim Allen(818) 393-7880

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Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

Program Administrator:

Nancy G. RobertsonChief, Education BranchMail Code AP2NASA Lyndon B. JohnsonSpace CenterHouston, TX 77058(713) 483-2462

The Johnson Space Center isinvolved in a, wide range ofactivities dealing withmanned space flight and spaceexploration. The majority ofresearch areas available forGraduate Student Researchersare in engineering and devel-opment and space and life sci-ences. Additional informationconcerning the followingopportunities may be obtainedfrom the programadministrator.

Engineering

Life Support Systems — Theresearch area includes: 1) study ofadvanced physiochemical and biologi-cal life support technologies for airrevitalization, water reclamation, foodproduction and solid waste manage-ment; 2) development of mathematicalmodels for the candidate life supportsystems for future Moon and Mars mis-sions; and 3) development of automat-ic control and monitoring techniquesat the system level to minimize crewtime/effort required for operation of aregenerative life support system.

Contact:Chin Lin(713) 483-9126

Advanced Life Support Systems —Current research involves develop-ment of regenerative human life sup-port systems for future long-durationspace missions. Such systems will con-sist of components which utilize bothphysicochemical and biologicalprocesses to perform the life supportfunctions. Included in these functionsare air revitalization, which includes

carbon dioxide removal and reduction,oxygen generation, and trace gas cont-amination control. Water recoveryfunctions include urine treatment,hygiene water processing, and potablewater polishing. Food productionfunctions involve crop productionusing both hydroponic and solid sub-strate culturing systems. Resourcerecovery from solid wastes involvessuch processes as incineration, pyroly-sis, and supercritical oxidation.Additionally, integration of these sys-tems into a functioning regenerativelife support system via highly automat-ed control and monitoring systems iscritical to current development efforts.Research opportunities exist for stu-dents specializing in chemistry,physics, horticulture and plant physiol-ogy, soil science, water chemistry, andenvironmental, chemical, biological,mechanical, computer, and systemengineering disciplines.

Contact:D. L. Henninger(713)483-5034

Spacecraft Thermal ManagementSystems — The research areaincludes: 1) light weight, high efficien-cy heat pumps and unique heat rejec-tion devices to aid in room tempera-ture heat rejection of advanced mis-sions; 2) high heat flux evaporatorsand condensers and two-phase flowmeasurement devices; 3) theoreticalstudies and analysis techniques foradvanced thermal management sys-tems; and 4) automated monitor, con-trol, and fault detection methods forlarge two-phase heat transport sys-tems.

Contact:E. K. Ungar(713)483-9115

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Advanced Extravehicular (EVA)Systems — The research areaincludes EVA gloves and advancedthermal protective systems for astro-naut space suits, regenerable portablelife support subsystems, associated air-lock support systems, and equipmentthat will enhance EVA safety andproductivity.

Contact:M. N. Rouen(713) 483-9242

Tracking and Communications —Research opportunities exist in expertsystems for control and monitoring ofcomplex C&T systems; optical and RFsensor systems for autonomous ren-dezvous and landing operations; effi-cient multi-access secure systems; pro-grammable digital transmit/receive sys-tems; MMIC distributed array anten-nas; multi-beam and high-gain elec-tronically steerable antennas; confor-mal arrays; infrared and optical/lasercommunications systems; voice recog-nition systems for control; digital andoptical transformation/correlation sys-tems; end-to-end systems analytical/simulation models of C&T systems;space-to-ground HDTV; and orbitaldebris detection and tracking.

Contact:William E. Teasdale(713) 483-0126

Guidance, Navigation, andControl — Research opportunitiesexist for definition/development ofguidance, navigation, and control sys-tems for space flight programs. Thesesystems include GN&C software algo-rithms, navigation sensor hardware,flight control sensor and effector hard-ware. An advanced technical base ismaintained involving test and laborato-ry facilities and computer simulationsto analyze, demonstrate, and test newtechniques and concepts. Researchopportunities also exist in flightdynamics, aerodynamics/aerothermo-dynamics, and computational fluiddynamics.

Contact:Aldo J. Bordano(713) 483-8177

Flight Data Systems — Researchopportunities exist for conductingresearch and system engineeringassessments of advanced manned mis-sion data systems. The laboratory pro-vides a research environment for thedevelopment and design validation offlight data systems through the use ofengineering development tools thatinclude distributed systems, networks,advanced display and control tech-nologies, sensor/effector emulations,integration analyses and system sensi-tivity studies.

Contact:David M. Pruett(713) 483-5269

Propulsion and Power —Propulsion research: rocket enginecombustion and stability, low gravityfluid behavior, high temperature mate-rials, propellant characterization,ceramic applications to small enginesand valving, propulsion systems mod-eling, valving technology, and on-orbithealth monitoring. Power research:energy conversion systems, includinglong life and high current density fuelcells and electrolysis systems, nickel-

hydrogen and lithium batteries, photo-voltaic and solar dynamic power sys-tems, automated management and dis-tribution, and thermal energy storage.

Contact:Thomas Davies Power(713) 483-9041

John GriffinPropulsion(713) 483-9003

Robotic Simulation — Developmentof kinematic/dynamic simulations ofShuttle and Space Station telerobotswith interactive graphic interfaces isbeing actively pursued in support ofreal-time simulation and nonreal-timedynamic analyses. This includes con-trol algorithms for kinematically redun-dant manipulators, joint servo model-ing, control systems interaction, struc-tural contact modeling, and develop-ment of simulation architectures.Other areas include multibody dynam-ic algorithm development (rigid andflexible bodies), friction modeling, andnumerical techniques for theirsolution.

Contact:Charles J. Gott(713) 483-8107

oArtificial Intelligence —Incorporation of advances in intelli-gent systems technology into spacesystems, organizations, and programsfor the continual improvement of theireffectiveness (safety, reliability, main-tainability, cost efficiency, and oper-ability).

Contact:Kathleen E. Jurica(713) 483-4776

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Telerobotlcs and AutonomousRobotic Systems — Developmentof hardware/software upgrades to theShuttle Remote Manipulator System,the integration of the Space StationMobile Service Center and the SpecialPurpose Dexterous Manipulation intothe Space Station for long term main-tenance, and the development of ad-vanced robotic systems and compo-nents to provide adaptive robots forlong term autonomous missions inspace and on lunar and planetarysurfaces.

Contact:Edith C. Taylor(713) 483-1527

Robotic Applications —Development of emerging technolo-gies, such as advanced controlschemes (i.e., force/torque feedbackand adaptive control), multiarm con-trol (for both kinematically sufficientand redundant systems), external sens-ing, collision detection and avoidance,on-line path planning, remote controlof multiple robots at diverse locations,and application of these technologiesto mobile platforms and fixed handmanipulators.

Contact:Charles R. Price(713)483-1523

Intelligent Robotics — Developmentof dexterous hands/arms to fulfill thefuture need for autonomous, dexter-ous robots. Current research effortsinclude the development of intelligentcontrol systems for arms and hands,

coordinated control of dual hand/armsystems, proximity/tactile sensor sys-tems for adaptive grasping and manip-ulation, and neural networks.

Contact:Charles R. Price(713) 483-1523

Computer Graphics Research —Development of advanced graphicstechniques for robotic real-time man-in-the-loop simulation development, aswell as for video documentation ofrobotic scenarios. This includesresearch and development of algo-rithms such as radiosity and ray trac-ing, developing efficient graphics frontends to simulations which must run inreal time, animation, geometric model-ing, virtual reality, and telepresence.

Contact:Charles J. Gott(713) 483-8107

Space & Life Sciences

Biomedical and NutritionResearch — The present programseeks to define at the cellular and bio-chemical levels the key elementsunderlying the integrated physiologi-cal response to space flight, with thegoals of defining and monitoring crewhealth and developing countermea-sures. Flight-induced changes in fluidand electrolyte balance, orthostaticand cardiovascular function, erythro-poiesis, and the musculoskeletal,immunological, and metabolic nutri-tion systems are being investigated invivo using head-down bed rest, and invitro using cell cultures.

Contact:Helen W. Lane(713) 483-7188

Endocrine Biochemistry —Ongoing projects include in vitro andin vivo studies of space flight-relatedperturbations to calcium, carbohy-drate, and protein metabolism, sodiumhomeostasis, and the reninaldosteroneresponse. Analytical methods arebeing developed for identifying hor-mone-binding proteins, antidiuretichormone, atrial natriuretic hormone,and parathormone. Other methods arebeing developed to assess electrolyticand hormonal status noninvasivelyduring simulated and actual spaceflight.

Contact:Peggy A. Whitson(713)483-7046

Immune Responses to SpaceFlight — The purported detrimentaleffect of space flight on the immunesystem has far-reaching implicationsfor maintaining crew health in space,particularly on long missions. Ongoingprojects include characterization ofreceptors on peripheral-blood mono-cytes by flow cytometry and imageanalysis; analysis of the antibodyresponse to microbial challenges invitro', and characterizing changes inmicrobial physiology as they relate tothe risk of infectious disease.

Contact:Duane L. Pierson(713) 483-7166

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Biotechnology and Bioprocess-ing — Microgravity can be used tofacilitate the separation and synthesisof medically important biologicalmaterials, as well as to enhance theformation of tissue-like aggregates inspecially designed bioreactors. Theo-retical and experimental projects areunder way to improve cell-culturetechniques using normal and neoplas-tic cell types under microgravity con-ditions.

Contact:Clarence F. Sams(713) 483-7160

Pharmacokinetic Research — Spaceflight appears to alter the dispositionof drugs administered to crew mem-bers. Characterizing these changes isessential to design effective treatmentsfor illnesses in flight. Bed-rest and in-flight studies are being conducted toidentify the physiological changes thatinfluence drug disposition; to developsimple, noninvasive monitoring proce-dures that can be used in microgravity;to develop computer models of phar-macokinetics; and to develop appro-priate drug-delivery systems.

Contact:Lakshmi Putcha(713) 483-7760

Physiologic Research — Adaptationto space flight can affect human healthand performance during space flightand on return to the influence of gravi-ty. The laboratories of the SpaceBiomedical Research Institute conductresearch involving several physiologicsystems (cardiovascular, pulmonary,nervous, and musculoskeletal) to char-acterize these adaptations. Investi-gations are conducted both in flightand during ground-based simulations.

Contact:Chuck Sawin(713) 483-7202

Environmental Physiology/Biophysics Research — The physio-logical and biophysical influences andinteractions of environmental factorssuch as gas species and their partialpressures, temperature, gravity,decompression, and exercise are beinginvestigated by the EnvironmentalPhysiology Laboratory. Experimentsinvolving human subjects and mathe-matical models are pursued. The goalis the understanding of physiologicalproblems and developing monitoringequipment.

Contact:Michael Powell(713) 483-5413

Psychological Research — TheBehavior and Performance Laboratoryconducts investigations to developeffective crew selection, training, andin-flight support procedures and guide-lines for manned space missions.Toward this end, specific areas ofstudy include stress and adaptation toextended confinement, team dynamicsand leadership, team composition,methods of nonintrusive measure-ment, cognition, behavioral strategies,

behavioral modeling, performanceassessment, goal-setting, and preven-tive mental health.

Contact:Deborah Harm(713) 483-7222

Exercise Physiology — The ExercisePhysiology Laboratory is intimatelyinvolved in investigations which sup-port the Space Biomedical ResearchInstitute. The investigators and engi-neers are also active in the develop-ment of future flight hardware forextended space flight. A major aim isto understand the degradations inexercise capacity and the role whichexercise may play in the maintenanceof normal function in other physiolog-ic systems.

Contact:Michael Greenisen(713) 483-3874

Space Food Development — TheFood Systems Engineering Facility sup-ports food development activities forthe Shuttle, Space Station, and futuremissions. Weight and volume of spacefood systems are critical and projectslike Lunar Base and Mars missionsrequire major efforts in food develop-ment. Research areas of interestinclude: food development, acceptabil-ity measures for microgravity and iso-lation, food bioregeneration, shelf life,preservation, packaging, and foodwaste management.

Contact:Charles T. Bourland(713) 483-3632

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Space Radiation — Research inspace radiation with the emphasis onthe need for crew health protection.The experimental program involvespassive dosimetry measurements withthermoluminescent detectors andactive dosimetry measurements,which involve development of newcharged particle detectors that areflown on the Shuttle. The theoreticalprogram includes the study of andimprovements in the trapped radiationbelts models, the galactic cosmic radia-tion models, and studies related tosolar energetic particle events.

Contact:Gautam Badhwar(713) 483-5065

Orbital Debris — This theoreticaland experimental program includesunderstanding satellite breakups andother on-orbit sources of orbitaldebris. Models are developed whichcombine debris sources with naturalsinks to describe the debris environ-ment for both low Earth orbit and geo-synchronous orbit. Measurements areconducted of debris physical proper-ties and flux using optical, infrared,radar, and impacted surfaces fromreturned spacecraft. Hypervelocityguns are used to test spacecraft shield-ing concepts.

Contact:Donald J. Kessler(713)483-5313

Planetary Materials Analysis —Research involves laboratory analysisof lunar rocks, terrestrial rocks, mete-orites, and cosmic dust particles tounravel the early geochemical historyof solid matter in the solar system, thegeologic evolution of planets androcky protoplanetary objects, includ-ing comets, to plan the technology fora lunar base, and for robotic missionsto the moon, Mars, and asteroids.Remotely sensed data of Earth andother planetary bodies are also usedfor these same objectives.

Contact:Gordon McKay(713) 483-5041

Safety, Reliability, andQuality Assurance

Risk Management — Opportunitiesexist for research in the developmentand implementation of quantitativeand qualitative techniques to identifythe parameters of a comprehensiverisk management program for com-plex space systems and facilities.Approaches include statistical model-ing of failures and their effects; proba-bilistic risk assessment; fault tree,event tree, or decision tree analysis;and the dynamic integration of ele-ment hazards arising from bothground and mission phases.

Contact:Richard Holzapfel(713) 483-4290

Information Systems

Advanced Software Techno-logy— Responsible for developingand evaluating advanced softwaretechnology in support of NASA institu-tional and mission operations. Currentefforts include research into generalpurpose intelligent training systems,expert assistants, neural networks formachine learning and image/speechrecognition, parallel/distributed sys-tems, verification/validation tech-niques, computer aided software engi-neering (CASE), fuzzy logic, geneticalgorithms, planning and schedulingtechnology, and knowledge capturetechnology.

Contact:Robert Savely(713) 483-8105

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John F. Kennedy Space Center


Mr. Warren CampManager, University LiaisonMail Stop HM-CIUNASA John F. Kennedy Space CenterKSC, FL 32899(407) 867-3494

The John F. Kennedy SpaceCenter, located near CapeCanaveral, Florida, isNASA's primary launch site.The center handles the prepa-ration, integration, checkout,and launch of space vehiclesand their payloads. Areas ofresearch available forGraduate Student Researchersare in engineering and theEarth Sciences. Additionalinformation concerning thefollowing opportunities may beobtained from the programadministrator.

Engineering

Advanced Programs—Technologydevelopment and application effortsrelated to launch and landing activitiesfor space launch vehicles. Includesfacilities which can withstand theunique environmental conditions onthe Atlantic beach side of Florida, andthe harsh components of the plumecreated by liquid and solid fueled rock-ets. Materials, structures, ground sup-port equipment and development, andsystems engineering for integratingthese components are open for gradu-ate student involvement. Laboratories,equipment, and NASA engineers andmanagers are available at KSC forthese and other opportunities in elec-tronics and instrumentation, non-de-structive testing methods, material

sciences, advanced software, and artifi-cial intelligence in support of thelaunch environment.

Contact:William SheehanDE-TDO/Chief, TechnologyDevelopment and CommercializationOffice(407) 867-2544

Earth Sciences

CELSS Research — BreadboardProject includes crop growth and pro-duction, chemical allelopathy, micro-bial ecology, biomass conversion, andsystems control and automation. Mayconduct short-term environmentalresponse tests for community gasexchange and nutrient uptake.Learn totrack gaseous and microbiological con-taminants in a CELSS system. Biomassconversion research in extraction ofwater-soluble compounds from cropresidue, enzymatic hydrolysis of cropresidue cellulose, production of ediblemycoprotein, conversion of organicparticulates and soluble residues fromall other reactors into microbial bio-mass, and aquaculture research.Robotic techniques for planting, cul-turing, and harvesting crops in aclosed growth chamber.

Contact:John C. Sager (407) 853-5142Biological Research and Life SupportOffice, MD-RES

Environmental/EcologicalResearch — Research on effects ofKennedy Space Center operations onbarrier island ecosystems. Studies alsoinclude monitoring and assessment ofhabitat management programs on veg-etation, Federally-listed threatened andendangered species, and other protect-ed species found on Kennedy SpaceCenter's wildlife refuge, includingFlorida scrub jay, bald eagle, gopher,

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tortoise, manatee, indigo snake,Florida beach mouse, and severalspecies of sea turtle. Studies on use ofgeographic information systems (GIS)as decision support for environmentalmonitoring and management.

Contact:William K. Knott(407) 853-5142Biological Research and life SupportOffice, MD-RES

Space Biology

Plant Space Biology Research-Research on carbon exchange ratesand carbohydrate metabolism of high-er plants in response to gravity.Includes studies of plant growth withlighting systems proposed for space-flight, such as high-output LEDs,effects of closed atmospheres and eth-ylene on plants, and development andtesting of nutrient delivery and rootingsystems for growing plants in micro-gravity. Studies on changes in geneexpression in response to different fac-tors of the spaceflight environment.

Contact:Raymond M. Wheeler(407) 853-5142Biological Research and Life SupportOffice, MD-RES

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Langley Research Center

Program Administrators

Edwin J.. PriorDeputy Director for Education

Roger A. HathawayUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Stop 400NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, VA 23681-0001(804) 864-4000FAX (804) 864-8835TDD (804) 864-5886

The mission of the NASALangley Research Center is toincrease the knowledge andcapability of the United Statesin a full range of aeronautics.disciplines and in selectedspace disciplines. The followinginformation provides, byGroup, an overview of the cur-rent disciplines in the Langleyprogram. Specific researchactivities associated with eachdiscipline are also included.

Research and TechnologyGroup

The Research and Technology Groupconsists of approximately 800 scien-tists, engineers, technicians and sup-port personnel who are responsiblefor performing basic research andtechnology development in a broadrange of aeronautical and selectedspace disciplines. Through an interdis-ciplinary approach, the group pro-duces proven and usable technologyfor aerospace and nonaerospace cus-tomers. The Research and TechnologyGroup program includes the followingtypes of research activities:

Aerodynamics — Opportunities forresearch in the aerodynamics areainclude subsonic aerodynamics, tran-sonic aerodynamics, supersonic aero-dynamics, full-scale Reynolds numbertechnology, propulsion integration,take off and landing characteristics,applied CFD, wind tunnel operations,productivity improvements, andadvanced test techniques.

Contact:William P. Henderson(804) 864-3520

Flight Dynamics and Controls —Opportunities to conduct theoreticaland applied research in flight dynam-ics include hazard characterization,detection and avoidance, laminar flowcontrol, high Reynolds numberresearch, and configuration aerody-namics. In the area of controls andguidance, for both aircraft and space-craft, opportunities exist in multi-disci-plinary, nonlinear system analysis,design, and implementation, as well ascrew station technology. Human fac-tors issues are addressed throughresearch in flight management andvehicle operations technology,advanced human and automation inte-gration, improved cockpit/crew inter-faces and decision aids. Researchbeing performed in these areas is tar-geted for aircraft operating in all speedregimes, as well as to launch systemsand orbiting spacecraft.

Contact:Dana J. Dunham(804) 864-5061Flight Dynamics

Roland W. Bowles(804) 864-2035Hazards Characterization, Detection,and Avoidance

Kathy H. Abbott(804) 864-8262Human/Automation Integration

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Douglas B. Price(804) 8646605Spacecraft Dynamics, Guidance,and Control

James G. Batterson(804) 8644059Vehicle Operations

JackJ. Hatfield(804) 8642012Cockpit/Crew Interfaces

Claude Keckler(804) 8641718Aircraft Guidance and Control

Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics —Opportunities are available in theareas of computational, theoretical andexperimental fluid mechanics andacoustics. Fluid mechanics researchaddresses: the enhanced understand-ing of viscous flow phenomena includ-ing boundary layer transition, turbu-lence, and separated and vorticalflows; modeling of transition, turbu-lence, and vortical flow phenomena;computational fluid mechanics includ-ing accurate and efficient algorithmdevelopment; innovative flow controlconcepts for reducing induced andfriction drag, enhancing performanceof future high-lift systems, and reduc-ing/increasing mixing; advanced non-intrusive flow diagnostics, and compu-tational multi-disciplinary design opti-mization systems. Acoustics researchaddresses the understanding, predic-tion, and reduction of the noise associ-ated with subsonic and supersonic air-craft. This computational, theoreticaland experimental research focuses onengine, rotor, and airframe noise aswell as sonic booms generated bysupersonic aircraft. Specific areas

include: tilt-rotor/helicopter noise, fanand jet noise, propeller noise, laminarflow acoustics, acoustic response, inte-rior noise, sonic fatigue, structuralacoustics and noise propagation. Thearea of computational acoustics repre-sents a major new research thrust.

Contact:Jerry N. Hefner(804) 8643640

Clemans A. Powell(804) 8643640

Gas Dynamics — Opportunities forresearch in the gas dynamics areainclude experimental assessment andenhancement of hypersonic aerody-namic, aerothermodynamic, and fluiddynamic characteristics of future Earthand planetary aerospace vehicle con-cepts, entry vehicle aerothermodynam-ics, configuration technology, plane-tary mission support technology, aero-dynamic and aerothermodynamicflight data analysis, integrated fluid-thermal structural analysis techniques,aerothermal loads experimentationincluding computational fluid dynam-ics, and hypersonic propulsionresearch.

Contact:Allan R. Wieting(804) 8641359

Competitiveness — A major problemfacing the aerospace industry is howto become more competitive. De-creased cost and increased value char-acterize competitiveness. This task isto concurrently examine, in the con-text of competitiveness, (1) the systemby which we bring forth, sustain, andretire the aerospace product and (2)the system by which we bringforth, sustain, and retire that aero-space product system.

Contact:Ed Dean(804) 8648213

Information and ElectromagneticTechnology — Opportunities forresearch covering information acquisi-tion, information processing and infor-mation display for aerospace applica-tions. Information acquisition includeslaser sensing, microwave remote sens-ing technology including electromag-netic analysis methods, far-field andnear-field antenna measurements, com-pact range technology, and aircraftand spacecraft antenna technology.Information processing and computertechnology research areas includeoptical data processing, solid-statememory technology, very high-speedinformation processing, concurrentprocessing and highly reliable andfault-tolerant systems.

Contact:Jack E. Pennington(804)8641596

Materials — The Materials Divisionconducts research on advanced mate-rials and nondestructive evaluation(NDE) technologies for aircraft andspacecraft structures. Materialsresearch includes development of highperformance polymers, light alloys andcomposites, and the processing andmanufacturing technologies requiredto improve performance and reduceweight and cost of aerospace struc-tures. Service life testing is performedto establish durability of these materi-als under simulated aircraft and space-craft service conditions. Analyses andmodeling are performed to predictstructural integrity and develop a fun-damental understanding of failuremechanisms. Nondestructive evalua-tion techniques and methodologies aredeveloped to inspect aircraft andspace launch vehicle structures.

Contact:Charles E. Harris(804) 8643449Fatigue and Fracture of Metals andComposites

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Howard G. Maahs(804) 864-3084Refractory Matrix Composites andThermal Protection Materials

W. Barry Lisagor(804) 864-3140Advanced Light Alloy and Metal MatrixComposites

Terry L. St. Clair(804) 864-4273High Performance Polymers andPolymer Matrix Composites

Eric I. Madaras(804) 864-4970Nondestructive Evaluation SciencesUltrasonic Propagation and Scatteringin CompositesElectronics Reliability Sciences

David E. Bowles(804) 864-3095Spacecraft Materials and SpaceEnvironmental Effects

Structures — The Structures Divisionconducts a wide variety of analyticaland experimental research aimedtowards the development of more effi-cient structures for aerospace vehicles— airplanes, helicopters, and spacevehicles. Research studies focusing onmulti-disciplinary design are carriedout to synergistically couple a numberof technical disciplines into aerospacevehicle design. In addition, analyticalmethods for improving structuralanalysis and design are developed andvalidated by experimental studies.New structural concepts for bothmetal and composite structures aredeveloped and evaluated through labo-ratory testing. Additional research isconducted in integrating advancedstructural and active-control concepts

to enhance structural performance.Studies of landing and impact dynam-ics focus on increasing safety duringground operations and crash impact.Research in the aeroelasticity arearanges from unsteady aerodynamictheory development to wind-tunneltests of flutter models. The divisionoperates a number of major facilities.These include the Aircraft Landing andDynamics Facility, the ImpactDynamics Research Facility, theStructures Laboratory, and TransonicDynamics Tunnel.

Contact:Eleanor C. Wynne(804) 864-2934

Internal Operations Group

Supports the Center's research pro-grams and project activities, with spe-cial emphasis on formulating andimplementing major policies and pro-grams relating to resources manage-ment, acquisition and contractingactivities, data systems managementand technical support services. Alsoincludes the Center's Construction ofFacilities program; all functions neces-sary to design, install, operate andmaintain large mechanical and electri-cal systems, complex research facili-ties and equipment and test apparatus;all functions necessary to provide andmaintain institutional buildings, struc-tures, and grounds; all functions neces-sary to provide design, analysis, fabri-cation and operation of complex aero-space systems and research test arti-cles; Centerwide electronic disciplinefor projects and programs; the opera-tion and maintenance of the Center'scentral computer complex and simula-tion facilities; and all functions neces-sary to operate and maintain theCenter's daily flight operations inclu-sive of aircraft and avionics mainte-nance, research pilot staff manage-

ment, and direction of all relateddesign, fabrication, testing, and certifi-cation of experimental flight controland display systems.

Electronic and InformationSystems — To pioneer and providetechnology, systems, and services inthe areas of instrumentation, scientificcomputing, and simulation to sustainLangley's continued research preemi-nence and to manage the Center'smajor aerospace flight research pro-jects. The following items representactive research disciplines:

Advanced Sensor Systems — Solid-state laser lidar systems, semiconduc-tor detector, and high-temperaturesuperconductor technologies forspaceflight applications.

Contact:Norman Barnes(804) 864-1630Solid-State Laser Technology

William E. Miller(804) 864-1720Semiconductor Detector Technology

Leo D. Staton(804) 864-1793Lidar Systems Technology

Stephanie A. Wise(804) 864-8086High-Temperature SuperconductorTechnology

Preston I. Carraway(804) 864-1894UV and IR Detector Technology

Terri L. Lazarus(804)864-1572Spectroscopy of Laser and OpticalMaterials

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Measurement Science andInstrument Technology — Far-infrared sensor technology, electro-mechanical sensors, digital data sys-tems, nonintrusive optical and lasermeasurements, optical and laser spec-troscopy, mass spectrometry and gaschromatography, thermal measure-ments, structural dynamics andacoustics measurements, optical inter-ferometry and photogrammetry tech-niques, and electronics applications.

Contact:Ira G. Nolt(804) 864-1623Far-Infrared Sensor Technology

Thomas A. Shull(804) 864-1837Advanced Electronics Optical DataStorage

Robert L. Krieger(804) 864-4654Digital Data Acquisition

Reginald J. Exton(804) 864-4605Optical and Laser Spectroscopy

Billy T. Upchurch(804) 864-4750Mass Spectrometry and GasChromatography

Philip Brockman(804) 864-1554Solid-State Laser Systems

Glen W. Sachse(804)864-1566In Situ Diode Laser Sensors

Tom A. Shull(804) 864-1837Advanced Electronics

Jerry H. Tucker(804) 864-7342Microelectronics andMicroprocessors

Kamran Daryabeigi(804) 864-4745Thermal Measurements

John C. Hoppe(804) 8644618Optical Interferometry Photography

James B. Miller(804) 864-7101Advanced Instrument Pointing,Tracking, and Scanning Systems

Vernie H. Knight(804) 864-1658Aircraft Data Systems

John K. Diamond(804) 864-1668Analog Signal Processing

Lorelei S. Gibson(804) 864-4643Pressure Measurements

William W. Hunter(804) 864-4581Laser Velocimetry

David L. Gray(804) 864-4661Electromechanical SensorsStructural Dynamics and AcousticsMeasurements

Advanced ComputationalCapability — Piloted simulation,computer generated scientific visual-ization, image processing, grid genera-tion, and numerical techniquesfor high-performance scientificcomputers.

Contact:Billy R. Ashworth(804 ) 864-6449Piloted Simulation

Norman Barnes(804) 864-1630Quantum Mechanical Modeling ofLaser Materials

Frank C. Thames(804) 864-5596Flight Software SystemsMass Storage TechniquesScalable Computing Architectures

Jules J. Lambiotte(804) 864-5792Scientific VisualizationImage ProcessingGrid GenerationNumerical Techniques for HighPerformance Scientific Computers

Engineering — Provides the engi-neering design and fabrication of flighthardware and research test articlesand equipment; the planning andimplementation of the Construction ofFacilities program; and all institutionalservices in support of the aeronauticaland space research programs of theLangley Research Center.

Mechanical Systems Engineer-big — Engaged in the design, analysis,development, and testing of researchsystems. These systems include space-borne and aircraft experiments andinstruments required to conduct theLangley Research Center research andtechnology program.

Contact:Kenneth D. Hedgepeth(804) 864-7008Development and application of sys-tems engineering tools and methods tospace and aircraft flight researchprojects

John W. Cox(804)864-7171Design and development of mechani-cal systems for space remote sensinginstruments and technologyexperiments

Design of electro-mechanical compo-nents, structural systems, terminal con-trol systems, mechanisms, and stableoptic bench design

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William W. Fernald(804) 864-7081Design and development of mechani-cal systems for aeronautics flightexperiments

Design of mechanisms, structural sys-tems, aircraft structural modifications,and instrumentation packaging

William S. Lassiter(804) 864-7022Systems level thermal, fluids, andstructural analysis and verification ofspaceflight and aircraft flightexperiments

Application of finite element and finitedifference methods including thedevelopment of CAE tools

Facility Systems Engineering —Engineer and design aerospaceresearch facilities and equipment foraeronautical and space researchincluding: wind-tunnel structures andsystems, test sections, model supports,environmental chambers, heaters,coolers, mechanical drives, electricaldrive machinery, and electrical distrib-ution systems. High-temperature aero-dynamic research for the NationalAero-Space Plane (NASP) in theLangley 8-Foot High TemperatureTunnel, low temperature aerodynamicresearch in the National TransonicFacility, magnetic suspension controlsystems in the Active Control TestFacility, and landing loads at theAircraft Landing Dynamics Facility.

Contact:George W. Ivey(804) 864-7286

David C. Beals(804) 864-7179Engineering and design of aeronauticaland space research facilities

Structural finite-element modeling,dynamic structural analysis, heat trans-fer processes of research facilities,processes, and equipment

Engineering Laboratory Unit —Physical and chemical analytical test-ing services needed for the operationof facilities at Langley ResearchCenter. Development of analyticalinstrumentation that will advance ser-vices at Langley Research Center orwill advance technology in aeronauticsand space projects such as instrumen-tation for environmental controls, inor-ganic analysis by X-ray fluorescence,flow field and temperature visualiza-tion for wind tunnel models, andsuperconductive materials aerospaceutilization.

Contact:Warren C. Kelliher(804) 864-4172

Space and Atmospheric SciencesProgram Group — The goal of theSpace and Atmospheric SciencesProgram Group is to conduct researchthat will establish and maintain a solidfoundation of technology embracingall of the disciplines associated withspace and atmospheric sciences and toprovide a wellspring of ideas foradvanced concepts. These programsinclude the following disciplines andspecific research activities.

Stratospheric Aerosol and GasExperiment (SAGE) — Analysis andinterpretation of atmospheric aerosol,ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and watervapor measured from SAGE I (1979-81) and SAGE U (1984-present) satel-lite instruments. Studies are directedtoward developing global climatolo-gies of these species and understand-ing the role these species play inatmospheric processes such as ozonedepletion and global warming.

Contact:Lament R. Poole(804) 864-2689

Climate Research Program —Theoretical, laboratory, and field inves-tigations of the radiative properties ofnatural volcanic and man-madeaerosols and assessment of theirimpact on regional and global climate.Remote and in-situ observations ofcloud properties and radiation balancecomponents and theoretical studies ofthe role played by clouds in theEarth's radiation balance.

Contact:Patrick Minnis(804)864-5671

Tropospheric Chemistry ResearchProgram — Assess and understandhuman impact on the regional-to-glob-al-scale troposphere; define chemicaland physical processes governing theglobal geochemical cycles from empir-ical and analytical modeling studies,laboratory measurements, technologydevelopments, and field measure-ments; and exploit unique and criticalroles that space observations can pro-vide.

Contact:James M. Hoell(804) 864-5826

Upper Atmosphere ResearchProgram — Expand the scientificunderstanding of the Earth's stratos-phere and the ability to assess poten-tial threats to the upper atmosphere.Includes developing empirical and the-oretical models, formulating newinstruments and techniques, perform-ing laboratory and field measurements,and performing data analysis and inter-pretation studies.

Contact:William L. Grose(804)864-5820

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Measurement of Air Pollutionfrom Satellites (MAPS) — Analysisand interpretation of measurementsfrom an instrument developed to pro-vide global tropospheric carbonmonoxide data from the unique van-tage of the Space Shuttle, with theopportunity for frequent flights.

Contact:Henry G. Reichle(804) 864-5383

Earth Radiation BudgetExperiment (ERBE) — Analysis ofmeasurements from instruments onthree satellites that provide data onthe Earth's radiation budget for assess-ing climatic impact of human activitiesand natural phenomena as well as abetter understanding of all climaticparameters, in particular, the radiationbudget components on a global scale.

Contact:Bruce R. Barkstrom(804) 864-5676

Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) — Analysis and interpreta-tion of measurements from this experi-ment on the Upper AtmosphereResearch Satellite to improve under-standing of stratospheric ozone deple-tion, particularly the impact of chloro-fluoromethanes on ozone by analyzingglobal vertical profile data of O3, HC1,CH4, H2O, NO, NO2> and HF.

Contact:John G. Wells(804) 864-1859

Global Biogeochemical Cycling —Theoretical and field investigations ofthe biogeochemical cycling of atmos-pheric gases, with particular emphasison the global budgets of oxygen, nitro-gen, and carbon dioxide to betterunderstand global change. Field mea-surements include studies of biogenicemissions of atmospheric gases fromthe soil and oceans and gases pro-duced and released to the atmosphereduring biomass burning, i.e., theburning of the world's forests andgrasslands.

Contact:Joel S. Levine(804) 864-5692

Transportation Systems — Futurespace vehicle concept development,operations, research, and computer-aided design.

Contact:Charles H. Eldred(804)864-8211

Spacecraft System Studies —Spacecraft concept development stud-ies for Global Change science mis-sions; large Earth orbiting spacecraftand platform systems studies; space-craft subsystem analyses, performance,and technology assessments; missiondesign; and computer-aided design andsimulations.

Contact:Richard A. Russell(804) 864-1935

In-Space TechnologyExperiments — Definition and devel-opment of flight experiments for theverification and validation of unique,innovative space technologies in thespace environment or under micro-gravity conditions.

Contact:iJoseph C. Moorman(804) 864-3776

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Lewis Research Center


Dr. Francis MonteganiOffice of University ProgramsMail Stop CP-1NASA Lewis Research CenterCleveland, OH 44135(216) 433-2956

The Lewis Research Centerhas a broad research programembracing aeronauticalpropulsion, space propulsionand power, space electronics,and microgravity science.Brief descriptions of some of themajor research activities atLewis follow.

Aeropropulsion Analysis

Aircraft Propulsion SystemsAnalysis — Advanced propulsionconcepts are conceived and analyzedto estimate performance for typicalflight vehicle applications, determinerelative merits compared with alterna-tive propulsion systems, and deriveoptimum designs of systems integratedwith a vehicle. Also, analytical andnumerical models that predict perfor-mance, noise, and weight of completepropulsion systems and componentsare developed, along with models offlight vehicles.

Contact:Daniel C. Mikkelson(216)977-7011

Instrumentation andControls Technology

Controls and Dynamics — Advanceddigital electronic and fiber-based con-trols and systems are developed for airbreathing and rocket engines, motivat-ed by increased performance, oper-ability, and durability requirements.Included in the scope of the researchare control theory applications, real-time flight/propulsion simulation, inte-grated flight/propulsion controls, sys-tem life-extending controls, fiber-opticand electro-optic control components,

and robust fault-tolerant controls andsystems. Application of neural net-works to controls and advanceddynamic modeling and modelingmethodologies are active researchareas also.

Contact:Walter C. Merrill(216) 433-6328

Optical Measurement Systems —Optical instrumentation technology isdeveloped for aerospace propulsionR&D requirements, with emphasis onlaser-based techniques for nonintru-sive gas path diagnostics and struc-tures measurements. Both point andwhole-field measurements of parame-ters such as velocity, temperature, andspecies concentration in rotating tur-bomachinery and combustors areobtained using laser anemometry, laserspectroscopy, Rayleigh/Mie scattering,interferometry and other techniques.Optical systems and image processingtechniques developed in the Division'slaboratories are demonstrated inCenter research facilities.

Contact:Daniel J. Lesco(216) 433-3728

Sensors — Research sensors arebeing developed to support a widevariety of applications which includematerials development, structural test-ing, aero-thermal-structural code vali-dation and propulsion component andsystem performance testing. Thedesired characteristics for researchsensors are high accuracy, high relia-bility, and survivability. Increasinglyhostile measurement system environ-ments make the achievement of thesecharacteristics a major challenge.

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Measurements of current interestinclude material surface temperature,strain, heat flux, gas temperature, andgas species.

Contact:W. Dan Williams(216) 433-3725

High Temperature ElectronicsTechnology — Development of sili-con carbide-based, solid-state electron-ic device technology for high tempera-ture, high radiation, and high powerapplications, such as advanced aero-space propulsion and power systems.Basic and applied research effortsinclude silicon carbide crystal growthtechniques and all areas of device fab-rication technology.

Contact:William C. Nieberding(216) 433-3727

Internal Fluid Mechanics

Computational Fluid Mechanics —Development and application of newtechniques for analysis of subsonic,supersonic, and hypersonic aerospacepropulsion system flows associatedwith inlets, nozzles, compressors, tur-bines, combustors, augmentors, androcket systems. Research is also con-ducted in the numerical simulation offluids in the space environment,including such phenomena as rarefiedgas flows, microgravity effects on freesurfaces, g-jitter effects on fluid mix-ing, and microgravity combustion.Emphasis is on numerical methodswith greater accuracy and significantlyincreased convergence rates. Ofincreasing importance are computa-tional strategies using such conceptsas multiblock grids and zonal

approaches combining two or morenumerical methods.. Pacing items foradvanced applications are three-dimen-sional complex geometry mesh gener-ation techniques, grid lattice construc-tion, and solution-adaptive mesh clus-tering. Three-dimensional turbulentflow fields with emphasis on turbu-lence models are of continuing inter-est. An expanded and focused efforton developing, validating, and apply-ing advanced turbulence models forpropulsion flow physics is a growingresearch activity.

Contact:Louis A. Povinelli(216) 433-5818

Computational Technology —Development and application ofadvanced computer hardware and soft-ware to the simulation of flows associ-ated with aerospace propulsion com-ponents and systems. Included in thescope of the research is the synthesisand benchmarking of parallel comput-er architectures and algorithms forsolving 3-D steady and unsteady flowproblems, the use of expert systems asintelligent interfaces to large computercodes, the use of parallel processingand interactive graphics techniquesfor on-line visualization of computa-tion results, and experimental data andimproved data handling software fordistributed computing environments.


Experimental Fluid Mechanics —Experiments to verify selected fluidmechanics computations and toadvance understanding of flowphysics, heat transfer, and combustionprocesses fundamental to aerospacepropulsion. Experimental data are ana-lyzed to aid development of aerother-modynamic models embracing com-bustion thermodynamics, reaction

chemistry, and turbulence. State-of-the-art experimental facilities, instrumen-tation, and data acquisition, reduction,and analysis methods and facilities areemployed


Aeronautical PropulsionSystems

Hypersonic PropulsionTechnology — Analytical and experi-mental research directed at the aero-dynamic design of hypersonic propul-sion systems and their integration withthe airframe. Work includes analysisand test on inlets, nozzles, combus-tors, and other critical components.Experimental efforts include design ofmodel and instrumentation. New theo-retical flow analyses, which include3-D shock/boundary layer interactions,are applied to the design and evalua-tion of experiments.

Contact:Frank D. Berkopec(216) 433-3400

Emissions Technology —Experimental and analytical researchto advance the understanding of emis-sions formation in combustionprocesses in subsonic and supersonicgas turbine aircraft engines. Researchincludes experiments in flame tubeand sector combustors using advanceddiagnostics. Analytical work involvesusing KIVA II and ALLSPD computercodes to predict combustion emis-sions and compare with on-going

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experimental results. State-of-the-artexperimental facilities, instrumenta-tion, analysis methods and computa-tional facilities are employed.

Contact:Richard W. Niedzwiecki(216) 433-3407

Aircraft Icing — Analytical andexperimental efforts devoted to devel-oping novel concepts for aircraft iceprotection, and fundamental experi-ments to understand and model thephysics of ice formations. Changes inaircraft performance with ice buildupon unprotected components are quan-tified. Extensive aerodynamic and ther-modynamic numerical models aredeveloped and utilized.Interdisciplinary efforts are devoted todeveloping instruments to characterizeicing cloud properties, measure iceaccretion on surface, and detectchanges in aircraft performance inicing conditions. Experimentalresearch is conducted with a speciallyequipment Twin Otter aircraft and inthe Lewis Icing Research Tunnel, thelargest refrigerated icing tunnel in theworld.

Contact:John J. Reinmann(216) 433-3900

Aircraft Power TransferTechnology — Power transfer tech-nology for advanced propulsion drivesystems having higher power-to-weight ratio, longer life, higher relia-bility, lower noise, and higher efficien-cy. Areas under study include designoptimization, new gear arrangementsand tooth forms, materials, lubrication,and cooling. New analytical tools forstress analysis, vibration, lubrication,

and high-speed gears are being devel-oped. A full-scale helicopter transmis-sion test rig is available, as are facilitiesfor fundamental studies of lubrication,endurance, efficiency, noise of spurand bevel gears, and planetary gearsets.

Contact:John J. Coy(216) 433-3915

Low Noise Nozzle Technology —Analytical and experimental researchon exhaust nozzle aerodynamics andacoustics for high speed commercialtransport applications. The goal is toachieve takeoff noise levels competi-tive with the best subsonic enginetechnology. Advanced 3-D full NavierStokes computational methods areused for nozzle flow analysis and per-formance predictions. Acoustic analy-ses utilize time and frequency domainacoustic analogy models in conjunc-tion with aerodynamic predictions.The more promising nozzle conceptsare evaluated experimentally in largededicated facilities where aerodynamicperformance, near and far fieldacoustic performance, and flow detailsvia advanced flow diagnostics can bedetermined.

Contact:Bernard J. Blaha(216) 433-3933

Turbomachinery Technology —Research to advance turbomachinerytechnology for gas turbine engines fora wide range of civil and military appli-cations. Areas addressed includeadvanced axial and radial compressorsand turbines as well as innovativecomponents such as wave rotors.Research interests include cavity flowsas well as main stream flows. Turbineresearch includes internal coolantflows and film cooling. Involved areflow visualization, detailed flow fieldand heat transfer measurements, com-

puter code development, and perfor-mance modeling.

Contact:Lawrence J. Bober(216) 433-3944

High Performance AircraftPropulsion Technology — Researchon propulsion systems for advancedhigh performance aircraft, includinghighly maneuverable fighters and shorttakeoff/vertical landing fighters.Included are theoretical analyses andexperimental investigations of individ-ual components and complete sys-tems. Novel propulsion concepts areevaluated and research is performed todevelop key technologies. Researchincludes analytical studies, applicationof advanced design codes, and plan-ning and execution of experimentalprograms.

Contact:Thomas J. Biesiadny(216) 433-3967

Fan Aerodynamics andAcoustics — Analytical and experi-mental investigations of the aerody-namics and acoustics of turbofans.Advanced CFD and CAA methods areapplied and compared to experimentaldata from model scale tests. Noise pre-dictions are made using time and fre-quency domain acoustic analogy mod-els in conjunction with aerodynamicpredictions. Aerodynamic modelingemphasizes integration of fan, nacelleand core flow on system performanceand acoustic radiation. New fan con-cepts are developed and evaluated forhigh performance and low-noisecharacteristics.

Contact:John F. Groeneweg(216) 433-3945

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High Performance Computing andCommunications/NumericalPropulsion System Simulator —Development of a propulsion systemsimulator involving the integration ofdisciplines, components, and high per-formance computers into high levelsoftware environment. Of particularinterest is the structuring of object ori-ented component models within adata flow control network. Thenumerically intensive componentmodels will employ various parallelprocessing strategies to speed theoverall system processing times.Various algorithms will be explored tosolve complex geometry, time varying,engine system problems on a hetero-geneous network of computers.

Contact:Isaac Lopez(216) 433-5893

Materials

Microgravity Materials Science —Fundamental research to understandthe effect of gravity on materialsprocessing as it influences convection,buoyancy, sedimentation, and hydro-static pressure. Central to this effort isthe Microgravity Materials ScienceLaboratory, which is used by scientiststo develop experiments for eventualflight on the Space Shuttle. The labora-tory develops advanced flight hard-ware and supporting equipment forprocessing and analysis of metals,ceramics, glasses, and polymers. Areasof research include directional solidifi-cation, telerobotic control, flow diag-nostics, macro- and micro-segregation,undercooling, sol-gel and containerlessprocessing, and crystal growth. A sig-

nificant portion of this effort is beingdirected to computational modeling ofgrowth processes as they are influ-enced by gravity. The laboratoryincludes an extensive computationaland graphical display facility.

Contact:Thomas K. Glasgow(216) 433-5013

Ceramic-Matrix Composites —Development of structure/process-ing/property relationships of ceramic-matrix composites including fibers andfiber coatings for high-temperature,high-reliability requirements foradvanced aerospace propulsion andpower applications. Various process-ing approaches, including polymerpyrolysis, melt infiltration, and sol-gelprocessing, are being pursued.Properties of interest include flaw dis-tribution, phase morphology, strength,toughness, crack initiation and propa-gation characteristics, and resistanceto environmental attack.

Contact:Stanley R. Levine(216) 433-3276

Tribology — Research to gain a fun-damental understanding of the lubrica-tion, adhesion, and wear phenomenaof materials in relative motion thatmeet increased speed, load, and tem-perature demands of advanced aero-space propulsion and power systems.Both synthesized liquid lubricants andsolid lubricants created by plasma filmdeposition techniques are under study.Tribological behavior is investigated insitu using a variety of techniquesincluding Auger electron, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, and infraredmicrospectroscopy.

Contact:Stephen V. Pepper(216) 433-6061

Polymers and Polymer MatrixComposites — Development ofadvanced polymers and polymermatrix composites for use in aero-space propulsion and power andspace communications systems. Areasof research include polymer synthesis,characterization, and processing;composite processing, characteriza-tion and evaluation; interface studies;polymer/composite aging and life pre-diction; and determination of struc-ture/property relationships. Researchis interdisciplinary and involves workin organic and polymer chemistry,physics, chemical engineering, materi-als science and engineering, andmechanical engineering.

Contact:Michael A. Meador(216) 433-9518

Environmental Durability ofAdvanced Materials — Research tounderstand the mechanisms of materi-al degradation and to developapproaches to improve the durabilityof material systems for advanced tur-bines. Of particular interest are hightemperature chemistry, environmentaleffects and the development of coat-ings for metals, intermetallics, andceramics and their composites.Chemical vapor deposition (CVD),physical vapor deposition, and plasmaspray processes are used in developingcoatings. Modeling efforts comple-ment experimental activities in TBCand in environmental degradationstudies.

Contact:Leslie A. Greenbauer-Seng(216) 433-6781

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Metal Matrix and Intel-metallicMatrix Composites — Developmentof advanced materials, such as metalmatrix composites, intermetallic com-pounds, and superalloys, and innova-tive processing concepts, such asrapid solidification, arc spraying, andlaser fiber growth for application toaerospace propulsion systems havingimproved performance, higher tem-peratures, greater durability, andlower cost. Microstructure/propertyrelationships are being developed andexperimentally verified. Advanced ana-lytical and microscopy techniques ^ireemployed.

Contact:Michael V. Nathal(216) 433-9516

Robert V. Miner, Jr.(216)433-9515

Structures

Advanced Composite Mechanics —Research for development of theories,computational algorithms, and requi-site computer codes for the mechan-ics, analysis, and design of propulsionstructures made from high tempera-ture composites. Of interest are poly-mer matrix, metal matrix, ceramicmatrix, and carbon-carbon compos-ites. Research focuses mainly on spe-cialty finite elements for microme-chanics and laminate theory; improvedtheories for life and durability predic-tion under hostile environment andlong time exposure effects; probabilis-tic composite mechanics; and integrat-ed computer programs for compo-nent-specific analysis and design, pro-gressive fracture, acoustic fatigue,damping and high-velocity impact.Selective experimental research is con-ducted in support of theoretical devel-opments.

Contact:Christos C. Chamis(216) 433-3252

Concurrent EngineeringSimulation — Research for develop-ing integrated software packages forthe computational simulation of multi-disciplinary procedures through whichpropulsion structural systems aredeveloped, conceived, designed, fabri-cated, verified, certified, installed, andoperated (concurrent engineering). Ofinterest are simulation models andsoftware packages which consist of:(1) workstations with discipline-specif-ic modules, dedicated expert systems,and local databases; (2) a central exec-utive module with a global databasewith communication links for concur-rent interaction with the multidisci-pline workstation; (3) unsupervised-learning neural nets; (4) adaptivemethods for condensing and incorpo-rating information as the systemevolves; (5) zooming methods; (6)graphic displays; and (7) computer-generated tapes for numerically con-trolled fabrication machines.


Probabilistic StructuralMechanics — Research for develop-ing probabilistic structural mechanics,solution/computational algorithms,and requisite computer codes to quan-tify uncertainties associated with theparameters and variables required forstructural analysis and design for bothserial and parallel composites.Research focuses mainly on develop-ing probabilistic theories and modelsfor coupled thermal-mechanical-chemi-cal-temporal structural behavior ofpropulsion structures made from hightemperature materials and includingmetal matrix, ceramic matrix, and car-bon-carbon composites and implemen-tation in serial and parallel machines.


Computational StructuresTechnology — Development, integra-tion, and demonstration of technologyto enhance the role of computationalmodeling in the design and develop-ment process for propulsion andpower system structural components.Both efficiency and credibility of com-putational modeling are of concern sotechnologies that streamline thedesign/analysis process as well asimprove the fidelity of computationalpredictions are of interest. Specificareas of interest include computer-integrated simulation, multidisciplinarycomputational mechanics, designoptimization, and artificial intelligence.Simulation includes object-orientedtechnology, information models, prod-uct schema, distributed computing,virtual reality, and human interfaces.Computational mechanics includesfundamental mechanics principles, dis-crete solution methods, and parallelcomputing algorithms. Design opti-mization includes mathematical pro-gramming and optimality algorithms,heuristic methodology, and multidisci-plinary design. Artificial intelligenceincludes expert systems and neuralnetwork applications.

Contact:Dale A. Hopkins(216) 433-3260

Structural Dynamics —Development of fundamental methodsfor predicting and controlling thedynamic response and stability of aero-space propulsion and power systems.High-speed rotation provides a centralfocus for much of the work. Thisincludes studies of the aeroelasticresponse of bladed disk systems, bothactive and passive methods for con-trolling the vibration and stability ofhigh-speed rotor-shaft systems, and

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modal analysis methods for highlydamped large scale periodic struc-tures. Actively controlled bearing sup-ports are being developed to allowhigher speed and lighter •weight aero-propulsion system design. Technologyfor long life mechanical componentsfor space mechanism designs toenable long duration space missions.Innovative computational methodsthat exploit parallel computers andmodern computer science principlesare being applied,

Contact:George L. Stefko(216) 433-3920

Structural Integrity — Research toassure integrity and reliability of aero-space propulsion and power systemsand structural components. Areas ofemphasis include interrogational meth-ods for avoiding catastrophic fracture,fault-tolerant design, defect assess-ment, and residual life prediction.Comprehensive life prediction modelsare sought that incorporate complexstress states, nonlinear material charac-teristics, microstructural inhomogene-ities, and environmental factors.Structural integrity is verified by non-destructive characterization ofmicrostructure, flaw population, mate-rial morphology, and other relevantfactors. Nondestructive evaluation iscarried out using analytical ultrasonics,computed tomography, laser acousto-ultrasonics, and other advanced inter-rogational technologies. Modern com-puter science practices are exploitedto the fullest, and emphasis is onadvanced structural ceramics andcomposites. Integrated computer pro-grams for predicting reliability and lifeof brittle material components are gen-erated.

Contact:John P. Gyekenyesi(216) 433-3210

Deformation and DamageMechanics — Theoretical and experi-mental studies of deformation anddamage mechanics are conducted todevelop accurate methods for deter-mining the deformation response andassessing the useful life of structuralcomponents operating at elevated tem-peratures. Typical examples includeturbine vanes, blades, and disks; rock-et motor combustion chambers, tur-bines, and nozzle liners; and hot sec-tions of space and terrestrial powersystems. Multiaxial, nonproportional,and nonisothermal loading conditionsall prevail in such structures. Researchfocuses on developing (1) constitutiveequations, (2) numerical algorithmsfor analysis and design, and (3) experi-mental validation of proposed theoriesand characterization of materialresponse. Materials under investigationinclude polycrystalline, single crystal,and directionally solidified metals andtheir alloys; ceramics; and metallic-,intermetallic, and ceramic-matrix/fiberreinforced composites.

Contact:J. R. Ellis(216) 433-3340

Fatigue Life Prediction — Both ana-lytical and experimental approachesare used to develop accurate tech-niques for predicting durability ofaerospace components (turbine vanes,blades, disks, rocket nozzle liners,etc.) subjected to complex serviceloadings. These are subjected tosevere cyclic loads in high-tempera-ture environments. Temperatures arehigh enough to introduce creep, relax-ation, metallurgical transformations,and oxidation. The behavior of materi-als and structures subjected to suchenvironmental factors is studied in thelaboratory, and techniques are devel-oped to allow reliable life predictionin advance of service. Materials underinvestigation include monolithic alloys

and ceramics; and newly developedmetallic, intermetallic, and ceramicmatrix/fiber reinforced composites.Fully equipped, computer controlledtest systems allow rational behavior tobe investigated under uniaxial andbiaxial stress states. Also, advancedscanning electron microscopes, trans-mission electron microscopes, andmicroprobe facilities are available toinvestigate fatigue mechanisms at themicrostructural level.

Contact:J. R. Ellis(216) 433-3340

Space PropulsionTechnology

Liquid Rocket Propulsion —Research to better understand thebasic physical and chemical processesin liquid rocket engines. Disciplinesinclude high-energy propellant chem-istry, ignition, combustion, heat trans-fer and cooling in thrust chambers,nozzle flow phenomena, and perfor-mance. Of particular interest are thefundamentals involved in combustion,cooling, bearings, seals, expert sys-tems applications to propulsion, andnonintrusive diagnostics. Work is con-ducted through detailed analytical andexperimental programs to determinefeasibility or applicability and to devel-op and validate models to describe theprocesses.

Contact:Ned P. Hannum(216) 977-7506

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Propulsion System HealthManagement — Research is requiredto develop improved and automatedmethods for the detection and isola-tion of anomalous behavior of propul-sion systems and other launch vehiclesubsystems. Efforts are currentlyfocused on the Space Shuttle subsys-tems and Expendable Launch Vehicles.Emphasis is on real time detection anddiagnosis of propulsion system andsensor failures, and automated post-test diagnostics. Research opportuni-ties include application of patternrecognition techniques for fault detec-tion/diagnosis, analytical redundancyfor sensor validation, the developmentof generic feature extraction algo-rithms, automated diagnosis usingexpert system and model-based rea-soning, and the development of quan-titative and qualitative models for faultprediction.

Contact:Sol H. Gorland(216) 977-7561

On-Board Propulsion — Researchon electric and chemical propulsionconcepts that are candidates for abroad range of low-thrust, spacepropulsion functions. The electricpropulsion effort includes arcjets, plas-ma rockets, and electrostatic con-cepts. The low-thrust chemical propul-sion effort is focused on very high-per-formance and long life storable andhydrogen/oxygen rockets at thrust lev-els up to about 100 pounds. Efforts aredirected toward understanding thefundamental phenomena and extend-ing the performance and life of thevarious concepts.

Contact:David C. Byers(216)977-7543

Molecular Computational FluidDynamics — Research on molecularcomputational fluid dynamics for theplumes, nozzles, and higher densityplasma and combustion zones of low-thrust chemical and electric propul-sion concepts. Efforts include researchon (1) improved computational con-cepts, including effective use of paral-lel processing; (2) advanced physicsmodels, including trades betweeninteraction physics and speed of calcu-lations; and (3) experimental tests toassist in development and validation ofcodes. Both neutral and charged flowswill be studied to both describe and,where appropriate, assess the impactof those flows on spacecraft functionsand subsystems.

Contact:David C. Byers(216) 977-7543

Power Technology

Photovoltaic Space Systems —Fundamental and applied research toincrease the efficiency, reduce theweight, and extend the life of solarcells for space applications. Emphasisis on III-V compounds, i.e., InP andGaAs. However, amorphous siliconand other thin film materials systemsare also of interest. Activities includematerials studies; investigations of radi-ation damage effects; device design,fabrication, and testing; and the devel-opment of related componenttechnologies such as interconnectsand optical concentrators.

Contact:Dennis J. Flood(216) 433-2303

Electrochemical Space andStorage — Development of advancedtechnology to increase the life andenergy density of energy storage sys-tems and fuel cells. Emphasis is onnearer-term nickel-hydrogen, metal-hydride and hydrogen-oxygen regener-ative fuel cell systems, with explorato-ry efforts being given to moreadvanced high-temperature ionic con-ductor systems. Pre-prototypes ofadvanced battery systems are beingdesigned, built, and tested.

Contact:Marvin Warshay(216) 433-6126

Space Power Management andDistribution Technology —Technology development to controlthe generation and distribution ofelectrical energy in aerospace systemsand to define enabling technology forfuture power aerospace systems.Advanced electrical power systemsand circuits and fundamental physicsof electrical devices (insulators, con-ductors, and semiconductors) areinvestigated under this program.Prototype devices and circuits are fab-ricated, characterized, and analyzed.Research in system autonomy, systemarchitecture, and fault prediction areimportant elements of the program.

Contact:Robert W. Bercaw(216)433-6112

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Power Systems Technology —Program management and technologyfor efficient, compact, lightweight,longlife power systems from hundredsof watts to megawatts for small space-craft; high altitude, long enduranceunmanned air vehicles; and cleancar/super car applications. System andmission studies for space, terrestrial,automotive and aero power systemsare conducted to identify require-ments and technology needs in theareas of energy conversion, thermalmanagement, power conditioning andcontrol, materials and environmentaleffects.

Contact:John M. Smith(216)433-6130

Stirling Dynamic Power andRefrigeration Systems —Development of technology to explorethe unique potential of the Stirlingcycle engine and heat pump for bothspace and terrestrial applications.Principal emphasis is on developingthe free-piston Stirling engine forspace-power systems and advancedtechnologies for cryogenic spacerefrigeration systems. Among the areasof research are oscillatory flow andheat transfer, heat pipes, materials,non-contacting bearings, dynamicbalancing, linear alternators andmotors, and insulation.

Contact:James E. Dudenhoefer(216) 433-6140

Space EnvironmentalInteractions — Research on electro-static and electromagnetic effects inspace systems and instrumentationinduced by interaction with spaceplasma and field environments and onthe characterization of local plasmaand field environments around largespace systems. Effects include surfaceand bulk dielectric charging, plasma

sheath development, current collec-tion from plasma, arcing, and the stim-ulation and propagation of distur-bances. Research disciplines include:plasma, solid-state, and surfacephysics, electro-magnetism, and spacesystem design fundamentals.

Contact:Carolyn K. Purvis(216) 433-2307

Power Materials Technology —Development of new or improvedenvironmentally durable power materi-als, high emittance radiator surfaces,high reflectance or transmittance solarconcentrators, high thermal conductiv-ity materials, and high electrical con-ductivity composites. Evaluations offunctional performance and durabilityare conducted for exposure to atomicoxygen, ultraviolet radiation, vacuumthermal cycling, and effects of interac-tions with lunar and Martian dust.

Contact:Bruce A. Banks(216) 433-2308

Solar Dynamic Power Systems —Development of technologies for light-weight, high efficiency solar dynamicpower systems. Present emphasis is onthe advancement of solar concentratorand heat receiver technologies.Specific concentrator emphasis is onlightweight construction, highreflectance surfaces, and protectivefilms. Heat receiver emphasis is on aheat pipe cavity design with thermalstorage. A system ground test in 1994,will demonstrate and evaluate existingsolar dynamic technologies and identi-fy areas for future development.

Contact:James E. Calogeras(216) 433-5278

Thermal ManagementTechnologies — Analytical andexperimental efforts to develop thetechnologies for high performanceheat transport components and sys-tems. Concepts under investigationinclude ultra high conductivity com-posite materials for space radiators,direct immersion heat pipes for cool-ing electronics, and heat pipe compo-nents and systems for aircraft de-icing.A test facility for evaluating the steadystate and transient performance ofhigh temperature, high power heatpipes is under development.

Contact:Karl W. Baker(216) 433-6162

Solar Array Power — Developmentof new or improved planar and con-centrator array technologies, compo-nents, and concepts for small space-craft that are efficient, stowable, light-weight, long-lived, and less costly thanpresent systems. Array design featuresof interest include optical, electrical,thermal and mechanical elements.Test, analysis and development activi-ties also support large spacecraftarrays including structural analysis ofdeployment mechanisms, testing sys-tem operation in simulated space envi-ronments, and studies of new arrayconcepts.

Contact:Cosmo R. Baraona(216) 433-5301

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Space CommunicationsTechnology

Space Communications SystemsAnalysis — Studies of advanced spacecommunications to define future sys-tem concepts and technology require-ments. Studies include investigation ofnew communications system architec-tures and networking concepts, analy-sis of interoperability of advancedsatellite and terrestrial systems, andexploration of new ways to increasethe available spectrum/orbit communi-cations capacity. Involved are comput-er modeling of telecommunicationsnetworks and simulation ofcommunications links. Laboratoryresearch is conducted on digital televi-sion coding to reduce bandwidthrequirements.

Contact:Wayne A. Whyt(216) 433-3482

Vacuum Electronics — Research onvacuum electronics to improve theefficiency, operating life, and commu-nications qualities of electron beamdevices for use in space communica-tions. Specific technologies of interestare electron emission (includingthermionic, field and secondary emis-sion), electron beam formation andcontrol, electromagnetic/electrody-namic computer modeling and design,application of microfabrication to vac-uum devices, and microwave powermodules. State-of-the-art experimentaland computational facilities areavailable.

Contact:James A. Dayton, Jr.(216) 433-3515

Digital System Technology —Research and advanced digital technol-ogy development for space communi-cations focused on modulation andcoding, onboard switching and rout-ing, network technologies, and intelli-gent systems applications. Specifictechnologies being developed include:bandwidth and power efficient digitalmodems and codes; multichanneldemultiplexer/demodulators; multi-channel ECC decoder; multichannelsignal processing satellite architec-tures; onboard circuit and fast packetinformation switching; intelligenttutoring and assistance; fault detectionand isolation.

Contact:Joseph L. Harrold(216) 433-3499

James M. Budinger(216) 433-3496

MMIC Technology — Research toestablish the technical feasibility ofadvanced solid-state devices and cir-cuits. Research is focused on technolo-gies in support of monolithic micro-wave/millimeter wave integrated cir-cuits for transmitter and receiver mod-ules. Areas of interest includetransmission media, circuit analysis,device modeling, materials growth,and characterization. Materials of inter-est include III-V semiconductor het-erostructures (GaAs, InGaAs, InP,AlGaAs). Also under investigation isthe application of high temperaturesuperconductors to microwave andmillimeter wave electronics, principally in the areas of antennas andreceivers.

Contact:Regis F. Leonard(216)433-3500

Phased Array AntennaTechnology — Research andadvanced development of phasedarrays for space communication sys-tems for commercial applications andNASA missions. Emphasis is on devel-opment of K/Ka-band arrays/arrayfeeds in which distributed monolithicmicrowave integrated circuit (MMIC)devices provide amplitude and phaseweighing. Principal thrusts are onMMIC insertion technologies, includ-ing MMIC packaging; printed circuitradiating elements and beam form-ing/combining networks; and fiberoptic links in arrays, as well as on sys-tem level integrated circuit develop-ment for array applications.

Contact:Charles A. Raquet(216) 433-3471

Space Experiments

Microgravity Science andApplications — Basic science experi-ments designed to capitalize on themicrogravity environment of the SpaceShuttle in the areas of combustion,metals and alloys, fluid physics andtransport phenomena, ceramics andglasses, and electronic materials.Science requirements and conceptualdesigns are developed using ground-based 2.2 second and 5 second droptowers and DC-9 and Learjet aircraft.Activities culminate in the design, fab-rication, and flight of space experi-ments.

Contact:Jack A. Salzman(216) 433-2868

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In-Space Technology Experi-ments — In-space experiments tosupport advancement of the technolo-gy base in the areas of fluid manage-ment, energy systems and thermalmanagement, and satellite communica-tions. Areas of investigation includeon-orbit fuel storage and transfer, low-gravity fluid behavior and thermalprocesses, instrumentation, and space-craft fire safety. While ground-basedprecursor studies are pursued, empha-sis is on the definition and develop-ment of cost-effective flight projectsthat yield results otherwise unobtain-able through ground-based experi-ments or analysis.

Contact:Olga D. Gonzalez-Sanabria(216) 433-5252

Advanced Space Analysis

Advanced Space Analysis —Advanced planning studies and systemanalysis in areas of space power andspace propulsion are performed toidentify and support projects of inter-est to the Center. Research activitiesin power and propulsion applicationsas well as research in relevant analytictechniques are of interest.

Contact:Frank Spurlock(216) 977-7104

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center


Dr. Frank SixUniversity Affairs OfficerMail Code DS01NASA Marshall Space Flight CenterMSFC, AL 35812(Federal Express Address:Building 4200/Room 950C)205-544-0997

The Marshall Space FlightCenter offers opportunities fororiginal work in many areasof physical sciences, mathemat-ics, and engineering.Theoretical and experimentalresearch is greatly enhanced bythe ready access to computers,including the Cray XMP.

Before preparing your proposal,prior discussion with a Centerresearcher is recommended. Ingeneral, Marshall advisers areinterested in collaborativeefforts with students and theiruniversity advisers and willlook favorably on proposalswhich indicate that researchtime will be spent on-site at theCenter.

Astrionics Laboratory

Electrical Systems — Activitiesinclude development of photovoltaicarray systems, battery technology andapplication, and electrical power sys-tem automation. Research is conduct-ed in improved photovoltaic celldesign and testing. On-site resourcesinclude a photovoltaic test laboratoryfor simulation of on-orbit conditions.Research and application of electro-chemistry is utilized to improve spaceflight batteries with life cycle testingand destructive physical analysis.Artificial intelligence approaches areused to support electrical power sys-tem automation.

Contact:R. Bechtel(205) 544-3294

Electronics and Sensors —Re-search, design, and development ofactivities are conducted on electroniccontrol systems and measurement sen-sors for the guidance, navigation, andcontrol of space vehicles. Subjectsaddressed are sensors, transducers,control actuators, reaction wheels,and pointing systems.

Contact:L.J. Cook(205) 544-3440

Optical Systems — Opportunitiesexist for research, development, andapplication of technology in the fol-lowing areas: coherent lidar systems(both gas and solid-state technologies),target and detector calibration, trans-mitter evaluation, signal processingatmospheric propagation and systemmodeling; video/film camera systems,including imaging systems develop-ment, fiber optics, video compression,radiometry, film camera, and videosystem evaluation; and optical design,fabrication and testing including stray-light analysis and testing, performanceanalysis, coating metrology, precisionengineering and binary optics.

Contact:J. Bilbro(205) 544-3467

Audio Systems — Design, develop-ment, and evaluation of flight audiocommunications systems are per-formed in support of ongoing andfuture programs. Specific areas ofinterest include digital signal process-ing and encoding techniques, voicesynthesis and recognition, and theeffect on background noise onintelligibility.

Contact:P. Clark(205) 544-3661

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Communications Systems —Test facilities are available to pursueresearch and development of antennacomponents and systems. These facili-ties include a fully automated kilome-ter pattern test range and a shieldedanechoic chamber with 3.7 meterdiameter quiet zone and supportingtest equipment operating up to 60Ghz. Other areas of interest includehigh-power, solid-state transmittersand spread spectrum receivers.

Contact:L. Bell(205) 544-3678

Software Systems — An area of highinterest is the automatic generation ofdigital computer code from structuredrequirements. An area of particularinterest is definition of a set of inte-grated computer aided support toolsfor software development fromrequirements phase through validationfor embedded computer systems.Another target area of research anddevelopment is artificial intelligencetechniques and tools to aid in faultdiagnosis, load management, andscheduling for flight systems and sub-systems.

Contact:R. Stevens(205) 544-3728

Battery Cell Analysis —Opportunities exist for research intothe development of chemical and elec-trochemical techniques for analysis ofaerospace battery cells. These includethe modification of analytical tech-niques to minimize the amount ofchemical waste produced and thedevelopment of electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy as a tool incell analysis. An important task in the

latter is the development of an electro-chemical model to be used in interpre-tation of spectra.

Contact:D.H. Burns(205) 544-4807

Materials and ProcessesLaboratory

Major research efforts are underway inphysics and chemistry of metallic andnonmetallic materials in critical envi-ronments (cryogenic to high tempera-ture) and new and improved tech-niques for developing spacecraft hard-ware. Comprehensive research anddevelopment activities are pursued inqualification and testing of materialsand processes.

Space Environmental Effects onMaterials — Evaluation of material isaccomplished in simulated space envi-ronments involving vacuum, tempera-ture, electron/proton, and UV irradia-tion, atomic oxygen, and micromete-oroid impact. The effects of outgassingproducts of materials on weight loss,strength loss, surface properties, andredeposition and condensation onother items are being studied. Studiesinvolving lubrication and surfacephysics of bearings in space and inrocket propulsion components arealso being conducted. Research anddevelopment in new nondestructiveevaluation (NDE) methods/processesand instrumentation are encouraged.

Contact:P. Schuerer(205) 544-2481

Metallic Materials — Developmentof advanced materials for special appli-cations in propulsion systems is ongo-ing. The materials include aluminum-lithium metal matrix composites andhydrogen resistant alloys. The effect of

high-pressure, high temperaturehydrogen on metals is an area of spe-cial emphasis. Research in microstruc-tural analysis methods is being accom-plished in support of failure analysisand fracture mechanics programs.Methods are being developed forquantitatively determining the state ofcorrosion, stress corrosion, and hydro-gen embrittlement of alloys. Severalongoing efforts exist relative toadvanced welding methods, intelligentprocessing, robotics, and the develop-ment of sensors for chemical andwelding process controls.

Contact:P. Munafo(205) 544-2566

Nonmetallic Materials Research —Opportunities exist to develop andmodify polymers for adhesive, elas-tomers, insulators, composite matri-ces, and molding and extrusion com-pounds for use in spacecraft hardwareand in special environments. Organiccomposite such as carbon-carbon andcarbon-resin are being developed forstructural applications to reduce massor for high-temperature applicationssuch as rocket engine nozzles andleading edges. Research and develop-ment activities are being conducted toevaluate new analytical chemistrytechniques or instrumental methods toassist in determining material proper-ties under various temperatures, pres-sures, and environments. Analysis ofwaste, ground, and storm waters, soils,air, etc is performed in accordancewith EPA guidelines. In addition,ceramics and glasses with special opti-cal properties for use in spacecraft arebeing studied. Major research andtechnology efforts are underway incomposite material fabrication, testing,and qualification for flight hardwareapplication. Composite methodologiesinclude automated filament •windingand tape laying, pultrusion, tape warp-

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ping, fiber placement, and hand lay-up. Additional opportunities exist rela-tive to the development, application,and evaluation of cryogenic and hightemperature thermal protection mate-rials used in association with both liq-uid and solid propellant rocketmotors. Opportunities also exist in thedevelopment of environmentallyacceptable cleaning materials for usein the fabrication of components forlaunch vehicles.

Contact:C. Mclntosh(205) 544-2620

Propulsion Laboratory

Activities are directed toward theresearch, technology, and flight hard-ware development of propulsion sys-tems for launch and space vehiclesand support equipment. Areas of activ-ity include liquid and solid propulsionand control systems for the SpaceShuttle, space propulsion and supportsystems, advanced chemical andnuclear propulsion systems for futurelaunch and space vehicles, and flightexperiment and space station mecha-nisms.

Systems Division — Research anddevelopment is ongoing in liquidpropulsion systems and reaction con-trol systems. Activities include predict-ing, analyzing, designing, and evaluat-ing propulsion system and launchvehicle performance, and establishingtest, integration, and verificationrequirements for flight and test bedpropulsion systems. Special emphasisareas are zero- and low-gravity propel-lant systems and Shuttle main propul-sion systems.

Contact:L. Jones(205) 544-7094

Component DevelopmentDivision — Activities involve re-search and development for mechani-cal sub-systems such as propulsionfeedlines, turbomachinery, combus-tion devices, thrust vector control,auxiliary propulsion, valves, actuators,controls, mechanisms, and environ-mental control and life support hard-ware. Another area of interest is estab-lishing test, integration, and verifica-tion requirements for mechanical ele-ments.

Contact:C.S. Cornelius(205) 544-7130

Combustion Devices andTurbomachinery — Investigation ofcombustion stability, performance,and heat transfer of large rocketengine thrust chambers are of specialinterest. Techniques for understandingthe failure and wear modes andimproving the life or propellantcooled antifriction bearings are need-ed for reusable rocket engines.

Contact:G. Young(205) 544-7070

Test Division — Activities includeexperimental research and develop-ment testing of propulsion systems,subsystems, and components for spacesystems hardware. Current specificareas of interest relate to automatedtest control systems. A continuinginterest exists for new and advancedinstrumentation techniques.

Contact:R.L. Thompson(205) 544-1247

Propulsion and Motor SystemsDivision — Research and develop-ment is ongoing in liquid rocketengines, solid motors, propulsion sys-tems, and reaction control systems.There is continuing interest in solid

and liquid propellant combustion, per-formance prediction, engine risk man-agement, launch and space vehiclepropellant and pressurization systems,hybrid boosters, and advanced enginehealth monitoring subsystems. Specialemphasis area is zero- and low-gravitypropellant systems and combustion.

Contact:L. Jones(205) 544-7094

C. Verschoore(205) 544-6996

Space Sciences Laboratory

Tropospheric Wind Profiling —Wind profiles to heights of 18 km andestimates of wind variability are criti-cal inputs for launch vehicle designand actual launch decisions. To opti-mize vehicle performance, high tem-poral and spatial resolution is requiredfor wind profile measurements.Currently NASA uses Jimsphere bal-loons and a 50-MHz radar wind profil-er for wind profile measurements.Measured profiles are analyzed to pro-duce a representative climatology andto study relationships between windmagnitudes, vertical shears, and spatialand temporal wind variability.

Contact:S. Smith(205) 544-5971

Stratospheric and MesosphericStudies — Middle atmospheric (50-100 Km) density must be accuratelydescribed to permit safe re-entry andspace maneuvers, satellite, rocket, bal-loon, lidar, radar, and nightglow mea-surements are being assembled into aself-consistent dynamical atmosphericmodel. All scales of motion from sea-sonal to planetary waves to tides togravity waves are important to vehicle

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and trajectory designers. Theoreticaland empirical research efforts areexamining such atmospheric wavesand their interactions.

Contact:S. Smith(205) 544-5971

Model Studies of Storm ElectricalProcesses — This research estimatesthe Maxwell current between dis-charges and the Wilson conductioncurrent. The Maxwell current wasfound to vary linearly with total flashrate. The Wilson conduction currenttended to level off with increasingflash rate. Recent efforts to gain a bet-ter understanding by modeling U-2observations provided extremelyencouraging results. The modelingshould now be extended to studymore quantitatively the relationshipbetween lightning rates and character-istics (e.g., charge transfers, percent-age of cloud-to-ground, etc.) and theresultant currents.

Contact:R. Blakeslee(205) 544-1652

Cloud Scattering of LightningDischarges — This task is to modelthe radiation viewed from space result-ing from lightning discharges withinclouds. The solution is given in termsof scattering amplitudes that take intoaccount the propagation parameters ofair, water, and ice. Reciprocity rela-tions for the scattering cross sectionscorrespond to an arbitrary direction ofthe incident wave. The interest of thiswork is in determining the relation-ship between cloud physics parame-ters, lightning discharges, and theremotely sensed signal to be viewedfrom space.

Contact:W. Koshak(205) 544-8749

Atmospheric Electricity — Researchis directed toward understanding thephysical processed leading to the gen-eration of electrical energy withinthunderstorms and culminating inlightning. Modeling, analytical and,observational approaches are used inthese studies. Particular emphasis is onthe measurement of lightning activitywith ground, air, and space based sen-sors. An important aspect is the devel-opment of advanced space-based opti-cal sensors to study the distributionand variability of global lightningactivity.

Contact:H. Christian(205) 544-1649

Aerosol Backscatter Studies —This research assesses global patterns

of aerosol backscatter for accurateremote sensing of tropospheric windprofiles from a space-based lidar (laserradar). Major experimental effortsinclude a network of CO2 lidar sta-tions, intensive field campaigns inremote locations, satellite-basedaerosol measurements, and other vari-ous aerosol sensors. These datasetshave been compiled in a centralizeddatabase and detailed intercompar-isons of the datasets are being per-formed. Correlations of meteorologicalvariables with aerosol backscatter areexamined. Physical, chemical, andoptical properties are modeled formajor aerosol types to enable estima-tion of aerosol backscatter at anywavelength. Results are being com-bined in a preliminary global-scaleempirical model of aerosol backscatterat prospective space-based lidar wave-lengths.

Contact:M. Jarzembski(205) 544-0240

Infrared Remote Sensing ofAtmospheric Water Vapor — Thisresearch is aimed at retrieving esti-mates of total column atmosphericwater vapor using satellite and aircraftobservations in two channels in theinfrared part of the electromagneticspectrum. Observations in these chan-nels are used in a physical procedurewhich relates a first guess estimate of •integrated ]fvater content (IWC) (orprecipitable water) and the observedbrightness temperatures to produce anestimate of the observed IWC. Thederived IWC can be related to cloudand storm formation as well as a clima-tology if derived at large space andtime scales.

Contact:A. Guillory(205) 544-6462

Microwave MeasurementStudies — Acquisition and analysis ofsatellite and aircraft passive micro-wave radiometer measurements leadto further understanding of the micro-physical processes of precipitation sys-tems and aid in monitoring climatechange. Measurements from Ad-vanced Microwave PrecipitationRadiometer contain information aboutthe spatial and temporal structure oftropical precipitation systems, andimproved inversion techniques willlead to increased understanding of theheating profile in tropical atmos-pheres. Satellite measurements pro-vide a global measure of atmospherictemperature and precipitation.Analysts use our multi-year tempera-ture and precipitation datasets to mon-itor the atmosphere and identify andcategorize any long term climatechanges. Key future research will bemethodology to retrieve other physicalparameters from the satellite measure-ments.

Contact:V. Griffin(205) 544-8293

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Climate Modeling — This researcheffort is geared toward understandingthe sensitivity of the climate model tosurface boundary forcing, i.e., sea sur-face temperature, albedo and soilmoisture anomalies. Several experi-ments with different forcing will becompared to the control run climate.Extensive CRAY usage (approximately100 CPU hours) will be required.Comparison of results to observedatmospheric behavior will be carriedout eventually using MSU, OLS, andAVHRR satellite data.

Contact:D. Fitzgarrald(205) 544-1651

Physical Climate Analysis —Observational, numerical modeling ,and analytical approaches are used tostudy the Earth's physical climate sys-tem. Diagnostic analysis of space-basedobservations are used to understandand validate models of global hydro-logic cycle. Numerical models rangingin scope from the atmospheric generalcirculation codes to mesoscale andcloud models are used to test modelsof the water cycle and its role in cli-mate. Simulations of remote sensorsare used to understand how space-based observations can best study theEarth as a system.

Contact:F. Robertson(205) 544-1655

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics andModeling — The functional fluiddynamics of the Earth are not wellunderstood. Research is underway todevelop and use models to understandthe system, including laboratory mod-els, numerical models, and moredetailed numerical models of the

atmosphere and its interaction withthe underlying surface. The resultsfrom these modeling efforts will beused to guide the development ofmore sophisticated models of the geo-physical system, as well as the devel-opment of sensors.

Contact:T. Miller(205) 544-1641

Space Vehicle Environments —Research activities are underwayto improve knowledge of the naturalspace environment to support engi-neering of advanced NASA missions.Emphasis is on study of density, com-position, and temporal variation of theEarth's thermosphere and mesosphere,and the Martian atmosphere. The ob-jective is to improve knowledge andenvironmental models which impactthe design of re-boost, guidance navi-gation and control systems for orbitingvehicles, or which influence on-orbitsafety factors.

Contact:J. Anderson(205) 544-1661

Surface Properties/AtmosphericBoundaries Interactions —Research activities undertaken willemphasize interactions betweenunconsolidated sediments on the sur-face and atmospheric processes in theboundary layer on a local and regionalbasis and all time scales. Mass andenergy transport phenomena will bestudied. Comparison with hydrologicmodels will be made for the condi-tions studied. The results of such com-parisons will be verified by appropri-ate sensors from laboratory experi-mental investigations, field ground-based stations, and remote sensors.

Contact:N. Costes(205) 544-1637

Atmosphere/Land SurfaceInterface — Earth's surface geophysi-cal properties, and their linkages tothe atmosphere and hydrologic cyclesare being modeled using remotelysensed data. Measurements from satel-lite and aircraft sensors are utilized tostudy spatial and spectral resolutionand temporal variability effects on thedetermination of land surface tempera-tures and energy fluxes and vegetationindices. The influence of vegetationtype and structure on these propertiesis examined from several ecosystemtypes.

Contact:T. Miller(205) 544-1641

Space Plasma and UpperAtmospheric Physics — We seek tobetter understand, and ultimately topredict, the flow of matter, momen-tum and energy through the region inwhich the Sun-Earth connection ismade: the Earth's magnetosphere andionosphere. We further seek to betterunderstand basic physical processesthat effect the operation of spacecraftin space and that are important inastrophysical plasmas; for examplecometary, planetary, and stellar upperatmospheres. Plasma and gas dynamicprocesses are studied by means of insitu plasma and neutral particle mea-surements, and by remote optical andelectromagnetic sensing of the con-stituent plasmas and gases. Activitiesinclude design, development, and cali-bration of flight instrumentation, withanalysis and interpretation of theresulting data in terms of physicalmodels.

Contact:T. Moore(205) 544-7633

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Solar Physics — The influence of themagnetic field on the developmentand evolution of solar atmosphericstructure is studied. The primary dataare vector magnetograms obtained atMarshall's Solar Observatory. Theseobservations are complemented bytheoretical studies to characterize thenonpotential opportunities of thesefields. This includes the developmentof MHD (magnetohydrodynamic)codes designed to simulate both coro-nal and large scale interplanetarydynamic. Instrument developmentprograms in optical polarimetry, graz-ing, and normal incidence X-rayoptics, and imaging detectors arebeing pursued.

Contact:J. Davis(205) 544-7600

X-ray Astronomy — Theoretical andexperimental research is conducted inthe fields of X-ray astronomy and high-energy astrophysics. Specialistsinclude study of neutron stars, activegalactic nuclei, and imaging X-raydetectors operating from 1/4 KeV to100 KeV. Opportunities include partic-ipating in balloon flights of thesedetectors, theoretical studies of physi-cal processes near compact objects,and analysis of data from the Einstein(HEAO-2) and EXOSAT satellites.

Contact:M. Weisskopf(205) 544-7740

Gamma Ray Astronomy — Gammaray astronomy is performed with bal-loon-borne and orbiting instrumentsdesigned and developed at MSFC. Theresearch includes experiments cover-ing the 30 KeV to 10 MeV region tostudy gamma ray bursts and other tran-sients sources, pulsars, and to study

the variability and spectra of knownsources. Present activities includeanalysis of data from the Burst andTransient Source Experiment on theGamma Ray Observatory, and thedevelopment of new balloon-borneinstruments. A study of the gamma raybackground in the atmosphere and onspacecraft is in progress with calcula-tions and with measurements onSpacelab, LDEF, and GRO.

Contact:G. Fishman(205) 544-7691

Cosmic Ray Research — Cosmic rayresearch at MSFC emphasizes thestudy of the chemical composition andenergy spectra of cosmic ray nucleiabove 105 GeV. Study of the interac-tions of heavy cosmic ray nuclei is alsocarried out to determine the behaviorof nucleus interactions and to searchfor evidence of new states of nuclearmatter. The research is carried outprincipally with emulsion chambers,and with electronic counters, exposedon balloons at about 40-kilometers forup to two weeks. Research includeslaboratory work data analysis, particlecascade calculations, and correlativeaccelerator experiments.

Contact:T. Parnell(205) 544-7690

Infrared Astronomy — Astronomic-al research is carried out in close coor-dination with the development of IRsensors. The sensors, which span thespectral region between 1 and 30micrometers, are used at major tele-scopes to produce unique images ofcomets and regions of star formationin our own and other galaxies. Thesedata provide clues to cometary struc-ture, origin, and long-term evolution.

Contact:C. Telesco(205) 544-7723

Cryogenic Physics — Research isconducted on cooled sensors foradvanced space science experimentsand cooling systems to support thesensors. Stored cryogens are devel-oped, as well as active refrigerationsystems extending both to sub-Kelvintemperatures needed by infraredbolometers and conventional super-conducting electronic devices, and tohigher operating temperaturesrequired by high critical temperaturesuperconducting electronic devices.Sensor research includes conventionaland superconducting infrared detec-tors and arrays. Well-equipped labora-tories exist to support research onimproved superconducting materialsand sensors.

Contact:E. Urban(205) 544-7721

Microgravity Solidification —Theoretical and experimental researchis conducted on the effects of gravityon the crystal growth or solidificationof materials including semiconductors,metals, alloys, polymers, model sys-tems, etc. Both the preparation andthe characterization of materials areimportant. The areas of researchinclude solid-state physics, surfacephysics, solidification phenomena,fluid modeling, analysis of crystalgrowth, and characterization tech-niques such as optical, X-ray, and elec-tron microscopy. In addition to well-equipped laboratories for these activi-ties, the division operates a drop tube100 meters high.

Contact:F. Szofran(205) 544-7777

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Biophysics — An opportunity existsto conduct research in the separationand purification of biological cells andproteins to develop a basic under-standing of the separation phenome-non. The proposed research shouldinclude analysis of the fundamentalbehavior of a separation process bytheoretical and/or experimental meth-ods. A second activity involves labora-tory and space experiments in proteincrystal growth. High quality singlecrystals are required to obtain thethree-dimensional structure of the pro-teins, and Shuttle space experimentsconfirm the advantages of the micro-gravity environment. Projects includeexperiments to define improved crys-tallization conditions and the analysisof crystals by X-ray diffraction.

Contact:D. Carter(205) 544-5492

Structures and DynamicsLaboratories

Pointing Control Systems — Tasksinclude pointing systems with perfor-mance of one milliarcsecond, ability toactively control structures with struc-tural modes below the control fre-quency, use of fiducial light systemsand unobtrusive sensors/effectors tostabilize large space structures, devel-opment of the theory of many controlsystems working on the same flexiblestructure, modeling and control offlexible multibodies with configura-tion changes, and momentum ex-change control of very large objects,and wave front control by phasesarray mirrors.

Contact:H. Waites(205) 544-1441

Control of Space Vehicles andRobotic Manipulators — Tasksinclude development of autonomousadaptive control algorithms for re-usable launch vehicles and spacecraftduring all flight phases included ren-dezvous, docking, re-entry, and land-ing. Image processing/pattern recogni-tion algorithms for target spacecraftidentification and attitude determina-tion (both stabilized and tumbling).Control systems for tethered space-craft, spacecraft control system healthmonitoring, and adaptive control offlexible robotic manipulators.

Contact:N. Hendrix(205) 544-1451

Liquid Propulsion DynamicAnalysis — Task include dynamicanalysis, determination of dampingmethods, analysis of bearings, anddynamic balancing of high-speed tur-bomachinery. Topics of interest incontrol include rapid recognition ofengine failure, detecting incipient fail-ure, automatic reconfiguration of con-trol components, and more accuratemeans to control propellant mixtureratio.

Contact:P. Vallely(205) 544-1440

Structural Dynamics — Activities ofinterest are aerostructural modeling,vibration analysis, and load predictionsusing simulation of all environments,including propulsion, control, aerody-namics, and atmosphere. Probabilistic,as well as deterministic, approachesare used on the CRAY to simulateflight and obtain loads data. Enhanceddynamic analysis techniques are pur-sued.

Contact:W. Holland(205) 544-1495

Structural Assessment: StructuralAnalysis — Opportunities exist forresearch in strength, stability, fatigue,and fracture mechanics analyses.Extensive use is made of computation-ally intensive methods such as finiteand boundary element analyses.Practical enhancement methods aresought such as solution adaptive finiteelement modeling techniques. Tech-nology improvement in analysis andcomputational methods which lead todevelopment of practical engineeringtools are encouraged. The CRAY com-puter is available for analytical analysisin conjunction with work stations.

Contact:C. Bianca(205) 544-7182

Vibroacoustics — Mechanically andacoustically induced random vibrationdesign and test criteria and responseloads analytically derived using ad-vanced computer techniques. Vibra-tion, acoustic, and transient data fromengine static firing and Space Shuttleflights are analyzed and categorized.Research opportunities includeimproved vibroacoustic environmentprediction methods and high frequen-cy vibration data analysis techniques.

Contact:J. McBride(205) 544-1523

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Structural Design Optimization/Synthesis — In view of the need forlighter, stiffer, and stronger launch andspace vehicle structures, new ways ofdesigning structural systems are beingsought. Research is needed in the areaof vehicle synthesis which includesthe synergistic effects of assembly ofstructurally optimized elements andcomponents. Efficient and effectivedesign methods and tools usingnumerical optimization, trajectoryanalysis, thermal analysis, loads, stress,environments, and other critical crite-ria are needed.

Contact:P. Rodriguez(205) 544-7006

Thermal Analysis: LiquidPropulsion Systems —Opportunities for research exist inthermal analysis of liquid propulsionsystem components, including inte-grated thermal/structural analysis ofturbine section and rotating compo-nents in high-pressure trubomachin-ery. Analytical results may be correlat-ed to ground test data.

Contact:J. Owen(205) 544-7213

Thermal Analysis: Solid RocketMotor — Opportunities are availablefor research in thermal modeling andanalysis of solid rocket motor thermalprotection systems. Specific areasinclude the modeling of ablationprocesses involving a variety of materi-al surfaces and the determination ofheat transfer coefficients in radiative,erosive, and chemically reactiveenvironments.

Contact:K. McCoy(205)544-7211

Thermal/EnvironmentalComputational Analysis —Research opportunities are available inadvanced thermal modeling and analy-sis techniques based on state-of-the-artgraphics systems and software. Re-search is needed in methods of 3-Dgraphic modeling of thermal systemswhich are compatible with computa-tional fluid dynamics and stressmodeling.

Contact:G.Schunk(205) 544-7221

Hypervelocity Impact Design andAnalysis — Research opportunitiesare available in the design, analysis,and testing of advance hypervelocityimpact shields. Due to the increasedspace debris, more weight-efficientshields are needed for all future long-term space endeavors. Specific areasinclude ballistic limit predictions,impact and penetration effects, innov-ative shield designs for minimummaintenance, quick deployment/retraction shields, composite materialshield design, novel shields, and dam-age prediction.

Contact:J. Robinson(205) 544-7013

Computational Fluid Dynamics —Opportunities to develop and applystate-of-the-art computational fluiddynamic (CFD) methods to solvethree-dimensional highly turbulentflows for compressible and incom-pressible, and reacting fluid states, andto provide benchmark CFD compar-isons to establish code quality for sub-sequent application. Research is need-ed to assess significant aspects of thecomputational algorithms, grid genera-tion, chemistry and turbulence model-ing code efficiency, and stability, etc.

Contact:P. McConnaughey(205)544-1599

Systems Analysis andIntegration Laboatories

Configuration Management —Configuration management is an essen-tial component of any successful engi-neering activity. Marshall projects tendto be both large and complex, requir-ing the efforts of teams of both NASAand contractor engineers. The level ofcontrol required by manned spaceflight makes configuration manage-ment a critical activity. Automatedtools and improved methods are con-tinually sought.

Contact:N. Foster(205) 544-2425

Systems and Components Test andSimulation — Opportunities exist forthe development, qualification, inte-gration, and flight acceptance testingof space vehicles, payloads, and exper-iments. Neutral buoyancy simulationsfor training and development ofextravehicular activity (EVA) tech-niques are performed. Thermal vacu-um testing is conducted in a variety ofchambers with capabilities to 1X10-7torr and temperature ranges from149C to +204C. Facilities exist to cali-brate X-ray payloads and scientificinstruments utilizing a 518-meter evac-uated guide tube.

Contact:G. Hartsfield(205) 544-6965

R. Stephens(205) 544-1336

C. Reily(205) 544-1298

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Crystal Growth in Fluid Field andParticle Dynamic Evaluation — TheFluid Experiment System (FES) wasdeveloped to study low-temperaturecrystal growth of a triglycine sulfatesolution in a low-gravity environment.Incorporated into the FES is a laser/optical system for taking holograms ofcrystal growth, fluid density, and tem-perature variations. Tasks includeapplying holographic and digitizedimage techniques to evaluating theseholograms.

Contact:J. Lindsey(205) 544-1301

Missions OperationLaboratory

Flight Operations — The MissionOperations Laboratory performs func-tions contributing to the performanceof science in space, particularly focus-ing on development of space scienceoperations capabilities. Payload opera-tions are integrated premission andmanaged during the on-orbit execu-tion in support of die science users.The operations control functionincludes command planning, controlplans and procedures, and air-to-ground voice management. The datamanagement function includes end-to-end flow analysis and management,requirements development for flightsystems, and intercenter data require-ments development. The mission plan-ning function includes orbit analysis,mission timelining, flight design, anddevelopment of planning systems.

Contact:C. Owen(205) 544-2017

Training/Training Systems —Training on payload operations is pro-vided for the payload crew, payloadflight controllers, and investigatorsusing computer simulations, comput-er-aided training, mock-ups and/orengineering models. Continuousimprovement requires tiiat trainingmethods and tools be assessed andupdated on a periodic basis. Theseupdates are based on improved capa-bilities/technology, current informa-tion relative to pedagogy, and lessonslearned from previous training ses-sions.

Contact:D. Underwood(205) 544-2191

Gloria Hullett-Smith(205) 544-2050

Ground Support Systems — TheHuntsville Operations Support Centeris the ground facility that supportsmulti-project flight operations. Thedesign and development functionincludes communications (voice,video, wideband data handling, andexternal information transfer), dataacquisition and processing, payloadand spacecraft commanding user workstation data presentation, and facilitysupport functions. Developmentincludes prototyping new technolo-gies to insure state-of-the-art capabili-ties, with special emphasis on remoteoperations linking multiple groundfacilities. The facility is managed andoperation in support of project anduser requirements.

Contact:K. Cornett(205) 544-2025

Human Factors — Human factorsanalysis in support of flight andground system development is per-formed using analytical tools as well asmockups in both 1-G and neutralbuoyancy zero-G simulations. Humancomputer interface standards aredeveloped and applied to flight crewtasks and evaluation of control and dis-play devices. New, more effectiveman/machine interface techniques areevaluated and integrated into designand operational activities.

Contact:S. Hall(205) 544-0517

Expert Systems — New softwaremethods are needed to automate andsimplify increasingly complex groundsupport tasks associated with space-craft and payload flight operations.Reset projects are projected in theareas of automated analysis of engi-neering and operations telemetry,decision support, and trend analysis.

Contact:M. McElyea(205) 544-2034

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Safety and MissionAssurance Office

Reliability Engineering — Researchand analysis are conducted to gain anunderstanding of complex physics offailure mechanisms with the SpaceShuttle Main Engine. The use of statis-tical models, failure mode and effectsanalysis, and analysis of failure andanomaly reports, as well as applicablegeneric data, contribute significantlytoward the research efforts.

Contact:F. Safe(205) 544-5278

Quality Engineering — Research isperformed in areas dealing with soft-ware quality control, nondestructiveevaluation (radiography, ultrasonic,eddy current), critical process control,use and evaluation of inspection meth-ods, and assessment of critical charac-teristics in inspection with respect tocontrol of critical items.

Contact:R. Bledsoe(205) 544-7406

R. Neuschaefer(205) 544-7382

Systems Safety Engineering —Opportunities exist for research in thedevelopment and implementation ofquantitative and qualitative techniquesdirected at the identification, evalua-tion, and control of hazards associatedwith complex space systems. Thisincludes probabilistic risk assessment,fault tree analysis and applications,interactive hazard information tracking

and closure systems, and the identifi-cation of conceptual approaches toestablishing mission levels and require-ments for various types of space mis-sions.

Contact:J. Livingston(205) 544-0049

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John C. Stennis Space Center

Program Administrator

Dr. Armond T. JoyceUniversity Affairs OfficerJohn C. Stennis Space CenterScience and Technolgy LaboratoryStennis Space Center, MS 39529(601) 688-3830

NASA's John C. Stennis SpaceCenter (SSC), located nearBay St. Louis, MS, has growninto NASA's premier centerfor testing large rocket propul-sion systems for the SpaceShuttle and future generationsof space vehicles.

Stennis Space Center's prima-ry mission is to support thedevelopment and testing oflarge propulsion systems. Statictesting is conducted on thesame huge concrete and steeltowers used from 1966 to 1970to captive-fire all first and sec-ond stages of the Saturn Vrocket used in the Apollomanned lunar landing andSkylab programs. Since 1975,the Center has been responsiblefor flight acceptance testing onthe Space Shuttle's mainengines. The data accumulat-ed from these ground tests,which simulate flight profiles,are analyzed to ensure thatengine performance is accept-able and that the requiredthrust will be delivered in thecritical ascent phase of Shuttleflights. No Shuttle mainengine can fly before it is test-ed at Stennis Space Center.The goal of the R&D programconducted in conjunction withthe test program is to signifi-cantly advance propulsion test

technologies for bothGovernment and commercialpropulsion programs. Theother major SSC mission is toconduct technology utilization,applications, and commercial-ization programs relative toenvironmental systems, Earthobservation through remotesensing, and image process-ing/analysis systems.

Technology

Propulsion System Testing Tech-niques, Simulation, Modeling, andMethodologies —Research opportu-nities exist to develop new, innovativetechniques to conduct the wide vari-ety of required tests for space systems,stages/vehicles, subsystems and com-ponents. Computational FluidDynamics modeling and actual hard-ware testing might be better coupledor integrated. A flexible, dynamic fluidflow simulation and structural model-ing graphic interface research tool isdesirable for ground test programs ofspace propulsion systems. Technologydevelopment is needed for inexpen-sive ultra-high power pump driversand prime movers and low operationalcost.

Contact:Bill St. Cyr(601)688-1134

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Cryogenic Instrumentation andCryogenic, High Pressure, andUltrahigh Pressure FluidSystems — Over 40 tons of liquefiedgases are used annually in the conductof propulsion system testing at theCenter. Instrumentation is needed toprecisely measure mass flow of cryo-gens starting at very low flow rates upto very high flow rates at pressures to15,000 psia. Research, technology, anddevelopment opportunities exist indeveloping instruments to measurefluid properties at cryogenic condi-tions during ground testing of spacepropulsion systems. Both intrusive andnon-intrusive sensors, but especiallynon-intrusive sensors, are desired.

Contact-Don Chenevert(601) 688-3126

Non-Destructive Test andEvaluation — Advanced instrumenta-tion, methods, and techniques to con-duct advanced non-destructive testand evaluation, failure analysis, andpurity and cleanliness assessment aredesired. The object of non-destructivetest and evaluation would range fromentire propulsion systems down to thecomponent level. One unique applica-tion of non-destructive test and evalua-tion would be on especially thickwalled high pressure ground test facili-ties vessels and areas not readily acces-sible to personnel. Research opportu-nities exist in acoustic emission, ultra-sonics, high energy radiography in thenon-destructive test and evaluationlaboratory.

Contact:BUI St. Cyr(601)688-1134

Vehicle HealthManagement/Rocket ExhaustPlume Diagnostics — A large bodyof UV-Visible emission spectrometryexperimentation is being conductedduring the 80 or more tests each yearof the Space Shuttle Main Engine atSSC. Research opportunities are avail-able to quantify failure and wearmechanisms and related plume codevalidation. Related topics include com-bustion stability and mixture ratio andthrust/power level. Vehicle healthmanagement/exhaust plume diagnos-tics experimentation may be readilyconducted at the SSC DiagnosticsTestbed Facility. Currently, someexploratory studies have been donewith emission/absorption spec-troscopy, absorption resonancespectroscopy, and laser inducedfluorescence.

Contact:Gerry Meeks(601) 688-1935

Spectroscopy Technology forPropulsion System Testing —Numerous opportunities exist toadvance spectroscopy technology forpropulsion system testing. Only a rela-tively small portion of the electromag-netic spectrum has been investigatedfor use in propulsion system testingand exhaust plume diagnostics/vehiclehealth management.

Contact:Chuck Thurman(601) 688-1023

Active and Passive Non-IntrusiveRemote Sensing of Propulsion TestParameters — The vast amount ofpropulsion system test data is collect-ed via single channel, contact, intru-sive sensors and instrumentation.Future propulsion system test tech-niques could employ passive non-intrusive remote sensors and activenon-intrusive remote sensing test mea-

surements over wide areas instead ofat a few discrete points. Opportunitiesexist in temperature, pressure, stress,strain, position, vibration, shock,impact, and many other measured testparameters. The use of thermalinfrared, ultraviolet, and multi-spectralsensors, imagers, and instruments ispossible through the SSC sensor labo-ratory.

Contact:Heidi Barnes(601) 688-1843

Environmental Impact fromPropulsion System Testing — Thetesting of advanced and currentpropulsion systems, may result inimpact to the environment. The cur-rent plume control technologyincludes plume deflectors and meteo-rological prediction. The neededresearch and technology developmentwould address the impacts, modeling,impact measurement or quantification,and prevention, reduction, or mitiga-tion. The research may also indicatethe need for exhaust plume scrubbersor other abatement devices, facilities,equipment, or instrumentation.


Ground Test FacilitiesTechnology — Ground test facilitiesseldom keep pace with propulsion sys-tem development programs partlybecause the facility is usually designedbefore the test requirements areknown and because test facilities areusually extant and inflexible. An innov-ative approach to producing flexible,easily adaptable ground test facilities ishighly desirable. Research opportuni-

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ties are available at the DiagnosticsTestbed Facility to develop groundtest facilities technology.

Contact:Don Chenevert(601) 688-3126

LOX/GOX Compatible Materials-Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and GaseousOxygen (GOX) is a prime oxidizer forliquid fueled rocket engines and repre-sents a dangerous material to handle.There exists a major need for a groupof LOX/GOX compatible materials forseats, seals, and solid lubricants forvalve and pump components andother uses. Simple, effective, safe tech-niques to easily and cheaply test orqualify new LOX/GOX compatiblematerials is desirable.


Thermal Protection and InsulationSystems — The test of liquid rocketsystems employ very large flame buck-ets and diffusers to control, deflect,cool, condition, and reduce the soundlevel of the plume. Innovative thermalprotection tiles, coating, or materials,and insulation systems could result insignificant savings. Cryogenic lines andvessels typically require expensive vac-uum jackets, expansion joints, anddevices to maintain the fluids at therequired extremely cold and sometime high pressure conditions.Cheaper, better, or newer thermalprotection and insulation systemsmight do the same tasks cheaper andrequire little or no maintenance.


Material and Fluid Science — Insome cases the basic physics of thematerial, heat transfer, thermal or fluidscience is not understood well enoughto model the propulsion system testfacility to the required level of sophis-tication. As more advanced systemsare developed, fundamental data isneeded to properly design the testfacilities. Characterization of collapsefactor at pressurant and cryogenicfluid interface, cavitation, and thermalstratification are areas of interest.Particular attention is needed to devel-op materials for LOX service atextreme pressures and to resist hydro-gen embrittlement. Research opportu-nities are available at the 210,000 gal-lon liquid hydrogen barges, HighPressure Gas Facility, Gas andMaterials Analysis Laboratory, theAdvanced Sensor DevelopmentLaboratory, the Diagnostics TestbedFacility and a planned CryogenicConditions Testbed.


Propellant and PressurantsConservation, Recycling, andEnergy Conservation — Large quan-tities of cryogenic fluids are used tobring propulsion systems and the testfacility complexes from ambient tem-peratures to several hundred degreesFahrenheit below zero. This chilldownrepresents a high loss of energy thatcost millions of dollars. Research intooperations techniques, recovery facili-ties and equipment, and energy man-agement and conservation could likelyimprove ground testing, to savemoney and energy.

Contact:Don Chenevert(601) 688-3126

Leak Detection, Sensors, Quantifi-cation, and Visualization —Opportunities exist in leak detectiontechnology to determine what is leak-ing, how much is leaking, where is thesource of the leak, and how to modeland visualize the extent of the effectedarea. Often hydrogen leaks are thetopic of concern because of the explo-sive nature of hydrogen, and theexpense for repairing the leak wheneventually found. However, other haz-ardous and non-hazardous fluid leaksare also of concern. Leaks occur usual-ly in accessible compartments andlocations and may occur in inert gasbackgrounds as well as in atmosphereswhere oxygen is present. Leak pin-pointing techniques that may not em-ploy instrumentation are of interest.

Contact:Gerry Meeks(601) 688-1935

Advanced Propulsion SystemsTesting— Innovative techniques willbe required to test propulsion systemssuch as advanced chemical engines,single-stage-to-orbit rocket plane com-ponents, nuclear thermal and nuclearelectric rockets and hybrids rockets.With a shrinking budget and longerleadtimes to develop new propulsionsystems, new approaches must bedeveloped to test future propulsionsystems. The solution may be somecombination of computational-analyti-cal technique, advanced sensors andinstrumentation, and predictivemethodologies.

Contact:Don Chenevert(601)688-3126

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Information Systems

Computational Modeling andSimulation — The InformationSystems Division has an effort to assessmodeling software tools that can sup-port science and engineering users indeveloping, using and exercising largescale models in supercomputing appli-cations, with specific emphasis onapplicability to propulsion testingrequirements. The research willinclude a classification of the variousmodels which can support propulsiontest and further justify how these mod-els would apply to specific propulsiontest tasks and activities. The researchwill also define and document adetailed procedure and process forusing a supercomputer at SSC.

Contact:Kirk Sharp(601) 688-3586

Artificial Intelligence (AI)Capability for IntelligentProcessing of Remotely Sensedand Propulsion Test Data —Artificial Intelligence techniques andconcepts are being investigated todetermined which can be used to col-lect, organize, and retrieve the vastamounts of data produced by NASAmissions. This research will focus oninvestigating the use of AI expert sys-tem technology in the classification ofremotely sensed spatial data andextraction of information from propul-sion test data. This effort will result in

a survey and evaluation of expert sys-tem shells, a survey and evaluation ofAI tool boxes for uncovering relation-ships in data, and porting a satelliteimage classification methodology writ-ten in the AI language PROLOG and Conto an IBM computer.


Use of Visualization Technologiesfor SSC Data Analysis — Thisresearch will consist of a review cur-rent visualization software packages(i.e. AVS) and identifying the feasibilityof using these for developing interfaceand file format standards for useacross SSC programs in order to shareresources, data, techniques and tech-nologies. Various SSC programs/activi-ties such as CTF, NLS/ALS, centerarchival, and propulsion testingrequire a "visualization" function fordata analysis and display. A feasibilitydemonstration will be developed usingan actual application, thus allowingthe visualization technology to beused across multiple SSC programs.


Application of Parallel Computingto Data Analysis — The purpose ofthis research is to obtain a firm under-standing of how this potentially radicaltechnology can be applied to severalNASA applications. This effort willresult in an examination of the com-mercially available options, the natureof the algorithms currently employed,and the existing facilities. Based onthe results, a proto-type or demonstra-tion system will be built.


Visual Data Analysis —Opportunities exist for the develop-ment and enhancement of softwaretools to support the visualization ofpropulsion test data. Incorporate theuse of artificial intelligence to developautomated and semi-automated meth-ods of data interpretation. Incorporatemodeling techniques to allow theinvestigator to explore a variety of"what if1 situations.


Propulsion Test Data AcquisitionSystems — Investigations into theintegration of real-time propulsion testsystems are needed. Specifically, howcan large amounts of data from sensorchannels and control systems be opti-mally managed? Research is neededinto optimum data channel band-width, the appropriate separation ofcontrol and data systems, and how thedata and control systems canexchange data given the separation.


Data Archive — The InformationSystems Division has the role of dataarchiving for a variety of scientific dataacquired from satellites, airborne scan-ners, medical sensors, and propulsiontest instruments. This research willreview data archive requirements atSSC and investigate current dataarchive technology. The results of theresearch will be recommendations ofhardware, software, and methodologyfor performing the data archive func-tion as required by the ISD.


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Image Compression — Thisresearch will involve an investigationinto current technology for perform-ing image compression on both staticand animated imagery. Applicationswill be for a broad range of data uti-lized at SSC including satellite, air-borne scanner, video, medical, andmultimedia. Focus will be on thereduction of physical media requiredfor storage as well as reduction of timefor network transmission of data.Issues will include compression ratios,data fidelity, and speed of compres-sion/decompression algorithms. A rec-ommendation and demonstration of acompression technique for each of theimagery types included in the studywill be required.


Earth Observations Research

Remote Sensing and PlantPhysiological Ecology — The detec-tion of plant radiative responses togrowth conditions remains as a majorgoal in remote sensing research. Thisis true particularly with respect toearly detection of plant stress. We areinterested in the continued study ofleaf and canopy reflectance responsesto various stress agents, and the devel-opment of techniques to enable theearliest possible detection of stress.This has involved the identificationof narrow spectral bands in whichreflectance is most strongly affectedby various stress agents. We also arecontinually interested in basic influ-ences on leaf radiative properties, andtheir relationships to leaf chemicalcontent and physiological processes,particularly photosynthesis.

Contact:Gregory A. Carter(601) 688-1918

Forest Ecology — A number of studyplots have been selected which arerepresentative of the major forestecosystems found today on the GulfCoastal Plain. In addition, both satelliteand aircraft remote sensing data havebeen acquired over these sites.Proposed research may be in any areaof forest ecology, but it is desirablethat remote sensing may be an ancil-lary tool of analysis. It is also desirablethat portions of the investigations con-sider below ground processes and themanner in which these affect aboveground processes. (Also see below).

Contact:Bill Cibula(601) 688-1913

Forest Mycosociology — The mycor-rhizal association of tree roots andhigher fungi is vital to tree and foresthealth. In Europe, the precipitousdecline in the diversity of ectomycor-rhizal fungal species has been postulat-ed as a major cause of forest decline("Waldsterben"). In southeasternforests, mycosociological data on thediversity of species, and interrelation-ships within various southern forestecosystems is severely lacking. In aneffort to obtain baseline data in thesouthern United States, plots (60m x60m) have been established in fouruniform forest ecosystems in the SSCenvirons. Each plot is subdivided into400 subplots that are 3 by 3 m each. Itis desirable that interested investiga-tors consider studies that would usethese already established forest studyplots. In addition, both color infraredphotography and digital remote sens-ing data exist for these plots and theirenvirons.

Contact:Bill Cibula(601)688-1913

Leaf Reflectance Anomaly inPinus — In color infrared photogra-phy (CIR), canopies of loblolly pine(finus taeda) are typically much dark-er and a more muted red than can-opies of slash (finus elliottif) or lon-gleaf (Pinus palustris) pines. This isexplained by substantially lower leafreflectances within the 760 nm to1080 nm wavelength range in loblollypine compared with slash and longleafpines. However, the physical/chemicalbasis for this difference among speciesis not known. An investigation of thisphenomenon would contribute sub-stantially to our understanding of leaf/canopy biophysics in pine forests ofthe southeastern U.S.

Contact:Bill Cibula(601) 688-1913

Coastal Processes — Focuses oninterdisciplinary research related tobiogeochemical cycles (biological -physical interactions) and couplingbetween land and ocean processes.Work includes algorithm developmentand image processing across multiplecomputer platforms.

Contact:Richard Miller(601) 688-1904

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Research Software — Emphasis ondeveloping efficient software for theanalysis and visualization of in situand remotely sensed data for earth sci-ence research. Focus on low-cost com-puter platforms.

Contact:Richard Miller(601) 688-1904

Archeological/AnthropologicalPredictive Modeling — Remotelysensed satellite and airborne data canbe used to detect anomalies in the sur-face cover that are representative ofprehistoric cultural remains.Sophisticated computer-analysis tech-niques have been developed to extractarcheological/anthropological phe-nomena from the nonvisible portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum. Bycombining remotely sensed and ancil-lary information into a data base, accu-rate predictive models can be devel-oped to isolate potential locations ofprehistoric activity. Various culturesrepresenting diverse environmentalconditions are being examined todetermine the spectral and spatialcharacteristics required for archeologi-cal/anthropological features detection.

Contact:Tom Sever(601) 688-1906

Commercialization

Commercial Remote Sensing —The Commercial Remote SensingProgram is designed to establish U.S.preeminence in value-added informa-tion products derived from remotesensing and related information tech-nologies. The program is accom-plished by conducting collaborationresearch in application and advancedtechnology development projects withprivate firms, universities, and govern-ment agencies focused on the follow-ing areas: 1) satellite data acquisition,2) data analysis/product generation,and 3) information distribution andproduct delivery.

Contact:Chuck Hill(601) 688-2042

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Section III 1995


UnderrepresentedMinority and DisabledFocus Component

PAGE BUNK NOT Fll^ED Mk1> iMUUUNail»

94

Summary and Objectives

NASA has a rich history ofworking with minority-serv-ing institutions and withunderrepresented minorityand disabled faculty andstudents. In this program,we strive to build upon theserelationships to increasediversity among this na-tion's scientists and engi-neers. Students selected forthis program will collabo-rate with faculty advisorsand with NASA technicalofficers at Headquarters orat one of the NASA field cen-ters. Students are encour-aged to contact the appropri-ate facility technical advisorto coordinate researchactivities.

The program offers:• up to $22,000 per year ofsupport for a total of up tothree years;• first hand exposure toNASA research;• the opportunity to work atnational laboratories withunique facilities;• the chance to interact withthe nation's top aerospaceengineers and scientists.Awards are initially madefor a one-year period andmay be renewed annually,for up to three years.

Eligibility — Because Blacks,Hispanics, American Indians, PacificIslanders (having origins in any of theoriginal peoples of Hawaii; the U.S.Pacific Territories of Guam, AmericanSamoa, and the Northern Marianas; theU.S. Trust Territory of Palau; theIslands of Micronesia and Melanesia;and the Philippines), and individualswith a disability that limits a major lifeactivity have been underrepresentedin science and engineering, they arethe focus of this special effort.Applicants must be:

• enrolled in a full-time graduate pro-gram at an accredited U.S. college oruniversity;

• studying engineering, physics, math-ematics, computer science, biology,aeronautics, space sciences, life sci-ences, or another discipline of interestto NASA;

• highly motivated to pursue theirplans of study in NASA relatedresearch;

• U.S. citizens.

Please note that identification ofone's disability is required, and proofof tribal affiliation for NativeAmericans is requested.

Students may enter the program at thebeginning of a master of science or aPh.D. program. Students may applyprior to receiving their baccalaureatedegrees. An application must be spon-sored by the student's graduate depart-ment chair or faculty advisor. Thoseselected will usually receive supportuntil they obtain an advanced degree,a maximum of three years in mostcases. Individuals accepting this awardmay not concurrently hold anotherFederal fellowship or traineeship.Students who apply to this programare also eligible for the GraduateStudent Researchers Program.

Selection of Proposals — Proposalswill be evaluated in two categories:M.S. and Ph.D. Graduate students willbe selected on the basis of their acade-mic qualifications; the quality of theirplan of study or proposed researchand its relevance to NASA's researchinterests and needs; if applicable, thestudent's utilization of research facili-ties at the NASA centers; and to main-tain appropriate balance betweenmale and female applicants.

Multiple Submissions — When sub-mitting to more than one NASA facilityor to both the UnderrepresentedMinority and Disabled Focus (TJMDF)Program and the Graduate StudentResearchers Program (GSRP), separateoriginal application forms and allrequired information, including thenumber of copies necessary to evalu-ate the proposal, must accompanyeach submission.

Application Procedure — Allapplicants must submit one originaland nine (9) copies of all materials byFebruary 1 of each year to the appro-priate NASA facility, addressed to theattention of the UnderrepresentedMinority and Disabled Focus ProgramAdministrator listed on page 95.

For detailed instructions on administra-tive procedures and proposal formatfor the Underrpresented Minority andDisabled Focus Component see pages10-13.

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Underrepresented Minority and Disabledfocus Program Administrators

Ms. Deborah RussellEducation Services SpecialistCode EUNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546Phone (202) 358-0935FAX (202) 358-3745

Mr. Aaron HatchMail Stop 204-2Ames Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationMoffett Field, CA 94035Phone (415) 604-0790FAX (415) 604-3953

Ms. Erma CoxP.O. Box 273Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research

CenterEdwards AFB, CA 93523Phone (805) 258-3033FAX (805) 258-3567

Dr. Gerald SoffenCode 160Goddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationGreenbelt, MD 20771Phone (301) 286-9690FAX (301) 286-1610

Mr. Alfred PaizMail Stop 238420Jet Propulsion LaboratoryNational Aeronautics and Space

Administration4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena, CA91109Phone (818) 354-3014FAX (818) 393-4977

Dr. Joseph D. AtkinsonMail Code AJ111Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationHouston, TX 77058Phone (713) 483-4831FAX (713) 483-0609

Mr. J. Albert DiggsMail Code EOJohn F. Kennedy Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationKennedy Space Center, FL 32899Phone (407) 867-2307FAX (407) 867-1066

Dr. Samuel E. MassenbergMail Stop 400Langley Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationHampton, VA 23681-0001Phone (804) 864-5800FAX (804) 864-6521

Ms. Jo Ann CharlestonMail Stop 9200Lewis Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

Administration21000 Brookpark RoadCleveland, OH 44135Phone (216) 433-2957FAX (216) 433-3344

Mr. Willie LoveMail Stop CE01Marshall Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationMSFC, AL35812Phone (205) 544-0944FAX (205) 544-2411

Dr. Armond JoyceMail Code MAOOJohn C. Stennis Space CenterNational Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Phone (601) 688-3830FAX (601) 688-1925

Proposals Due February 1Undenvpmentzd Minority and Disabled Focus


Name: (Mr./Ms.)

Ust

Birth Date:_

Birthplace:.

Permanent Address:.

Home Phone:_

Target Degree: MS

Discipline:

_MS/PhD (joint) PhD

Department:.

School Address:

City, State, ZIP:.

Campus Phone:.

E-Mail:

_Fax No.:.

Undergraduate GPA:_

Discipline:

.Out Of:.

Graduate GPA Of Applicable):.

Discipline:

.Out Of:


Name:

Department:.

University:.

Mailing Address:.

City, State, ZIP:_

Campus Phone:.

Fax Number:

E-Mail:

Signature:_ _Date:_


Name:

Title:

University:.

Street Address:.

City, State, ZIP:.

Campus Phone:.

Signature: JOate:

1 certify that I am a citizen of the United States and that I am or witt be a full-time graduate student during the period covered by the attachedproposal, that lama member of one of the following underrepresented minorities, and that I have independently written this proposal.

HI Black Maled Black FemaleD Hispanic MaleD Hispanic Female

Signature:

CI Native American Maled Native American Femaled Pacific Islander Male*d Pacific Islander Female*

(H Male with Disability**HI Female with Disability**

Date:

* A person having origins in any of the original peo-ples of Hawaii; the U.S. Pacific Territories of Guam,American Samoa, and the Northern Marianas;the U.S. Trust Territory ofPaulau; the Islands ofMicronesia and Melanesia; and the Pbilltptnes

** A disability that limits a major life activity

IV. Proposal InformationType of Proposal: D (1) New D (2) Second Year D (3) Third YearIf Renewal, Designate Grant No.: NGT-.Expected Graduation Date:Proposal Title ._

Proposed Start or Renewal Date:.

Time Spent at NASA Center during past year: weeks . months

V. Submission Information

D Headquarters D Nasa CentersAmes/Dryden (ARC/DFRF)Goddard (GSFC)Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)

Other Facilities to whichthis proposal is beingsubmitted


Johnson OSC)Kennedy (KSC)Langley (LaRC)Lewis (LeRC)Marshall (MSFC)Stennis (SSQ


CH Original Proposal and9 Copies

CH Budget FormD University Certifications

•Suspension and Debarment•Drug Free Workplace

d Signed Advisor Evaluation orLetter of Recommendation

D Original Transcripts

* NASA Use

:D Org/Gp'ys "VVi|'f ^ .-, -• ., ^J i"~." ...... ";;%.$.

>P/BdgtFmi -, '-Ugf.; ;; ,*£•'• ''' - ' - '>

• D UCert, J

fn.'t !1>""•*',"' ' s-/

• >-rfv'"'; vj''-

ft.

98


General


Authority

This information is collected under the authority of the National Aeronautics and Space Act. Publication 85-568, asamended, 42 U.S.C.§2451, et. seq.

Purpose and Uses

NASA may disclose this information to other organizations or individuals having relationships with NASA, includingbut not limited to academic organizations, nonprofit organizations, and other governmental agencies, as well asCongressional offices in response to an inquiry made on your behalf. Disclosure may also be made to concerned par-ties in the course of litigation, to law enforcement agencies, and to other Federal agencies in exchanging informationpertinent to an agency decision.

99

NASA Graduate Stiident Researchers ProgramUnderrepresented Minority and Disabled Focus

Budget Information



Student Allowance $.(Maximum of $3,000)

HI. University Allowance (Itemize if necessary)

University Allowance $.(Maximum of $3,000)


101

Section IV 1995


High PerformanceComputing andCommunications

iGCDMB PflQE BLANK PIOT FILMED

102

High Performance Computingand Communications

In the 1995 academic year,at least five new awards willbe granted as fart of theFederal High PerformanceComputing and Communi-cations Program (HPCC)Program. HPCC is amultiagency programdesigned to accelerate thedevelopment and applicationof high performance comput-ing systems through an inte-grated program of hardware,software, and network develop-ment, as well as long-termbasic research. Within theFederal program, NASA willfocus on: aeronautical, Earthscience, and space scienceapplications; interagency soft-ware coordination; and theareas of basic research outlinedbelow. For further informationon specific research projects,please contact the individualslisted below.

General information on NASA's HPCCprogram may be obtained by writing:

Directorate for High PerformanceComputing and CommunicationsCode RCNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546-0001

Proposals for HPCC/GSRP fellowshipsmust be sent to the centers listed andmust be coordinated with the desig-nated points of contact.

For detailed instructions on administra-tive procedures and proposal formatfor the High Performance Computingand Communications program seepages 10-13.

Contact:Ames Research CenterKenneth G. Stevens, Jr.(415)[email protected]

HPCC/Computational AerosciencesProject — A new generation of mas-sively parallel systems is being devel-oped which can be used to solve com-putational aeroscience problems.Research of interest includes: systemssoftware which facilitates the efficientuse of parallel systems; multidisciplinecomputational applications for parallelsystems; and computer architecturalanalysis of the Intel Paragon, ThinkingMachines CM5, IBM SP-2, and otheremerging parallel processors includingclusters of workstations. In addition tothe previously mentioned parallelprocessors, Ames has available CRAYC90 conventional supercomputers,state of the art workstations, and highspeed networks.

Contact:Goddard Space Flight CenterJim Fischer(301) [email protected]

HPCC/Earth and Space Sciences(ESS) Project — This project focuseson development of scalable algorithmsand applications on massively parallelcomputing systems to make progresstoward the solution of Grand Chal-lenge investigations in a broad rangeof Earth and space science disciplines.In support of the Grand Challengeinvestigations, ESS is interested indeveloping advanced software tech-nology including parallel computation-al techniques, approaches for architec-ture independent parallel programing,and software tools for accessing andmanaging massive science data sets.

Contact:Jet Propulsion LaboratoryRobert D. Ferraro(818) [email protected]

HPCC/Earth and Space Sciences(ESS) Project — JPL is conductingresearch in system software, usertools, and parallel computationalmethods for MIMD (Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data) architec-tures. Specific focus areas include:software technology to enhance porta-bility and performance, distributedvisualization, and parallel algorithmsfor solving partial differential equa-tions. Researchers will have access toa variety of parallel architectures. Thiswork is in support of the HPCC ESSGrand Challenge applications, whichinclude multidisciplinary modeling ofEarth and space phenomena, andanalysis of data from remote sensinginstruments.

Contact:Langley Research CenterManual D. Salas(804) [email protected]

103

HPCC/Computational AerosciencesProject — Research interests include,but are not limited to, the followingareas: research on numerical methodsfor the solution of tightly coupled mul-tidisciplinary problems that can beefficiently implemented on massivelyparallel computers; research on noveloptimization methods that are robustand can efficiently solve problemswith a large number of design vari-ables and constraints as they occur inthe design of aircraft shapes; andresearch on data management, domaindecomposition methods, and/or datavisualization for multidisciplinaryproblems using massively parallelcomputers.

Contact:Lewis Research CenterRussell Claus(216) [email protected]. nasa .gov

HPCC/Computational AerosciencesProject (Numerical PropulsionSimulation) — Development ofa propulsion system simulator involv-ing the integration of disciplines,components, and high performancecomputers into a high level softwareenvironment. Of particular interestis the structuring of object orientedcomponent models within a data flowcontrol network. The numericallyintensive component models willemploy various parallel processingstrategies to speed the overall systemprocessing times. Various algorithmswill be explored to solve complexgeometry, time varying, engine systemproblems on a heterogeneous networkof computers.

Proposals Due February 1NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Proposal in High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC)

Proposed Caver Sheet


Name: (Mr./Ms.)

Last

Birth Date:_

Birthplace:.

Home Address:

Home Phone:

Target Degree: MS MS/PhD (joint) PhD

Discipline:

Department:.

Campus Address:,

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:

City, State, ZIP:_

Campus Phone:_

E-Mail:

Fax No.:

Undergraduate GPA:_

Discipline:

Out Of:_

Graduate GPA (If Applicable):.

Discipline:

Out Of:_

/ certify that I am a citizen of the United States and thatI am or will be a full-time graduate student at the universityduring the period covered by this proposal.

Signatures _Date:_


Name:

Department:.

Campus Address:.

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:.

City, State, ZIP:_

Campus Phone:.

Fax Number:

E-Mail:

Signature:_ Date:


Name:

Title:

University:.

Street Address:

City, State, ZIP:.

Campus Phone:.

Signatures Date:

IV. Proposal InformationType of Proposal: D (1) New D (2) Second Year D (3) Third YearIf Renewal, Designate Grant No.: NGT-.Expected Graduation Date:Proposal Title

Proposed Start or Renewal Date:.. Budget Amount

Time Spent at NASA Center during past year: .weeks . months

V. Submission InformationD NASA Centers

Ames/Drydcn (ARC/DFRF)

Goddard (GSFQ

Jet Propulsion Lab 0PL)

Langley (LaRQ

Lewis (LeRQ


Other Facilities to which this proposal is being submitted:


D Original Proposal and9 Copies

D Budget FormD University Certifications

•Suspension and Debarment•Drug Free Workplace

D Signed Advisor Evaluation orLetter of Recommendation

D Transcripts

Jytt- NASA Use'pniy 'u;-

' • ;D

;;D BdgtFrm ^ ,'', -"}

?/'DUCat "'"i- ' ' - I

106


General


Authority


Purpose and Uses

The information requested on the application form will be used to determine your eligibility for participation in theNASA Graduate Student Researchers Program. The information requested regarding your ethnic/racial/disability statuswill be used to determine the degree to which members of each ethnic/racial/disability group are being reached byNASA's announcement of this program, and will not affect your application. Additionally, NASA may disclose this infor-mation to other organizations or individuals having relationships with NASA, including but not limited to academicorganizations, nonprofit organizations, and other governmental agencies, as well as Congressional offices in responseto an inquiry made on your behalf. Disclosure may also be made to concerned parties in the course of litigation, tolaw enforcement agencies, and to other Federal agencies in exchanging information pertinent to an agency decision.



FILMED

107




D HISPANIC D PACIFIC ISLANDER D WHITE


DMALE

D FEMALE

AMERICAN NATIVE OR ALASKAN NATIVE: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of NorthAmerica and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.ASIAN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia or the Indian subconti-nent. This area includes, for example, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.BLACK, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.HISPANIC: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture ororigin, regardless of race.PACIFIC ISLANDER: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii; the U.S. Pacific territoriesof Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Marinas; the U.S. Trust Territory of Palua; the islands of Micronesiaand Melanesia; or the Phillipines.WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, NorthAfrica, or the Middle East.


109

NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program inHigh Performance Computing and Communication

Budget Information



m.University Allowance (Itemize if necessary)

mmm mi

Student Allowance $_(Maximum of $3,000)

University Allowance $_(Maximum of $3,000)


Ill

Section V 1995

NASAGraduateStudentFellowships inGlobal ChangeResearch

112

NASA Graduate Student Fellowshipin Global Change Research

NASA announces graduatestudent training fellowshipsfor persons pursuing a Ph.D.degree in aspects of globalchange research. These fellow-ships will be available for the1995 academic year. The pur-pose is to ensure a continuedsupply of high-quality scientiststo support rapid growth in thestudy of Earth as a system.Over 250 fellowships have beenawarded since the inception ofthe program in 1990. Up to50 new fellowships will beawarded each year, subject toavailability of funds.

Contact:Dr. Ghassem AsrarOffice of Mission to Planet EarthCode YSNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministrationWashington, DC 20546-0001(202) 358-0273

Mail Global Change Fellowshipproposals to:Global Change FellowshipCode YSP-44NASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20546-0001

Proposals sent by express mail, com-mercial delivery, or courier, send to:Global Change FellowshipCode YSP-44Attn: Receiving and InspectionsNASA Headquarters300 E Street, SWWashington, DC 20024-3210

Areas of Support — Applicationswill be considered for research on cli-mate and hydrologic systems, ecologi-cal systems and dynamics, biogeo-chemical dynamics, solid Earthprocesses, human interactions, solarinfluences, and data and informationsystems. Atmospheric chemistry andphysics, ocean biology and physics,ecosystem dynamics, hydrology, cryos-pheric processes, geology, and geo-physics are all acceptable areas ofresearch, provided that the specificresearch topic is relevant to NASA'sglobal change research efforts includ-ing the Earth Observing System, theTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,and Mission to Planet Earth. Literaturedescribing these programs will bemade available upon request for thosewho have not received a copy in pastyears. To receive a copy, please writeto Ms. Anne Novotny, Code YM,NASA Headquarters, 300 E Street SW,Washington, DC 20546 or call (202)3584)855.

Terms and Conditions — Awardsare made initially for one year and maybe renewed annually, usually no morethan two times, based on satisfactoryprogress as reflected in academic per-formance and evaluations by the facul-ty advisor. The amount of award is$20,000/per annum, which may beused to defray living and educationalexpenses, tuition, and fees. A furtheramount of $2,000 is available byrequest for the faculty advisor's use insupport of the student's research.

Eligibility — Students admitted to oralready enrolled in a full-time Ph.D.program at accredited U.S. universitiesare eligible to apply. Students mayenter the program at any time duringtheir graduate work. Students may alsoapply in their senior year prior toreceiving their baccalaureate degree,but must be admitted and enrolled in aPh.D. program at a U.S. university at

the time of the award. An individualaccepting this award may not concur-rently receive other Federal funds,including funds from other Federal fel-lowships, traiheeships, or employ-ment. United States citizens and resi-dent aliens will be given preference,although the program is not restrictedto them.

Equal Opportunity — No applicantshall be denied consideration orappointment as a NASA Global ChangeFellow on grounds of race, creed,color, national origin, age, or sex.

Obligation to the Government —A student receiving support under theGlobal Change Fellowship programdoes not thereby incur any formalobligation to the Government of theUnited States. However, the objectivesof this program will clearly be servedbest if the student is encouraged toactively pursue research or teaching inglobal change research after comple-tion of graduate studies.

Disposition of Unused Funds —In case a student or faculty advisorceases to participate in the programfor any reason, the university withprior NASA approval may appointanother student or faculty advisor tocomplete the remaining portion of thegrant period provided the area ofresearch remains the same. Renewalapplicants who have funds remainingfrom their previous year's budget maycarry the balance over into the follow-ing program year.

113

Selection of Proposals —Proposals will be judged by NASAHeadquarters on a competitive basis.Criteria for selection include: (a) acad-emic excellence as based on tran-scripts and a letter of reference by thestudent's academic advisor; (b) thequality of the proposed research forstudents already in graduate school;and (c) the relevance of the proposedresearch to NASA's role in the U.S.Global Change Research Program(Mission to Planet .Earth). Selectionpanels will include representationfrom the academic community,NASA's Office of Mission to PlanetEarth and Education Division, andprofessional societies in the Earthsciences.

Application Procedures —Applicants are required to make avail-able: (a) a completed application form;(b) a titled five-page research proposalfor those already enrolled in a pro-gram of study or a statement ofresearch interest for those enteringgraduate school; (c) a short abstract(one-half page) summary describingthe proposed research (if you arealready enrolled in graduate school) orproposed research interests (if you arenot yet enrolled); (d) copies of under-graduate and graduate transcripts; (e)a letter of reference from the academ-ic advisor; and (f) a schedule statingthe proposed start date and comple-tion date of your plan of study and/orresearch program. One original andseven (7) copies of the applicationform, proposal, transcript, and letterof reference should be forwarded as apackage. It is the student's responsibil-ity to ensure that these documents arereceived at NASA Headquarters by the

March 15, 1995 deadline. Applicationsnot submitted and complete by March15 will not be considered in the selec-tion process. All application packagesmust also include (1) debarment andsuspension certifications; and (2) drug-free workplace certifications from theuniversity.

Results of the competition will beannounced July 14 of each year, withthe anticipated starting dateof awarded fellowships to be Septem-ber 1 of each year. Results will bemailed to the students' universityaddress, unless requested in writing tobe forwarded to an alternate address.

Proposals Due February 1NASA Graduate Student Fellowships in Global Change Research • Application Form


Name: (Mr./Ms.)

Last First

Birth Date:

Birthplace:

Permanent Address:

MI

Home Phone:

Citizenship:

Discipline:

Department:

Campus Address:

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:

City State ZIP'

Campus Phone'

E-Mail:

Undergraduate GPA:

Discipline:

Graduate GPA (If Applicable):

(joint) PhD

Fax No.:

Out Of:

Out Of:


Name:

Department:

Campus Address:

Mail Code:

University:

Street Address:

Citv. State. ZIP:

Campus Phone:

Fax Number:

E-Mail:

m. Official Responsible

Name:

for Committing Institution

Title:

University:

Street Address:

Citv. State. ZIP:

Campus Phone:

CD Drug-Free Workplace Certification

D Debartment and Suspension Certification

Signature: Date:

IV. Proposal InformationApplicable Global Change Category (check only one category)

Climate and Hydrologic Systems Solar influences

Ecological Systems and Dynamics Biogeochemical Dynamics

Human Interactions

Proposal Title (not to exceed 260 characters):

_ Solid Earth Processes

_ Data and information Systems

V. Submission Information

D Application Form

D Recommendation Letter

D Research Proposal (5-6 pages) D Abstract

D Schedule D Budget

D Application Form

D Optional Information Form(not required for consideration)

I certify that I am or will be a full-time graduate student enrolled at an accredited U.S. university during the

Signature

period covered in the attached proposal.

Date

116


General


Authority


Purpose and UsesThe information requested on the application form will be used to determine your eligibility for participation in theNASA Graduate Student Researchers Program. The information requested regarding your ethnic/racial/disability statuswill be used to determine the degree to which members of each ethnic/racial/disability group are being reached byNASA's announcement of this program, and will not affect your application. Additionally, NASA may disclose this infor-mation to other organizations or individuals having relationships with NASA, including but not limited to academicorganizations, nonprofit organizations, and other governmental agencies, as well as Congressional offices in responseto an inquiry made on your behalf. Disclosure may also be made to concerned parties in the course of litigation, tolaw enforcement agencies, and to other Federal agencies in exchanging information pertinent to an agency decision.



117




D HISPANIC d PACIFIC ISLANDER D WHITE


DMALE

D FEMALE

AMERICAN NATIVE OR ALASKAN NATIVE: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of NorthAmerica and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.ASIAN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia or the Indian subconti-nent. This area includes, for example, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.BLACK, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.HISPANIC: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture ororigin, regardless of race.PACIFIC ISLANDER: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii; the U.S. Pacific territoriesof Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Marinas; the U.S. Trust Territory of Palua; the islands of Micronesiaand Melanesia; or the Phillipines.WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, NorthAfrica, or the Middle East.


119

NASA Graduate Student Fellowships in Global Change ResearchBudget Information

I. Student Stipend, Tuition, Fees, Travel (Maximum of $20,000)

H. Faculty Advisor (Maximum of $2,000)

Total Requested(Maximum of $22,000)

msM I

NASA Guide to Graduate€¦ · NASA Guide to Graduate (NASA-EP-314) THE 1995 NASA GUIDE TO GRADUATE...

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