NASA Exit Presentation 2015

Fiber Optic Sensing System Demonstration on Pressure VesselsJefferson Brand III

April 22, 2015

Masters

Mechanical Engineering

Frank Pena

Fiber Optics Lab

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

www.nasa.gov

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Background• Born in Alexandria, MN

• Attended Robotics Club at South Dakota State University (SDSU)

• A Formal Activities Chair for American Society of Mechanical Engineers at SDSU, 2013 to 2014

• Graduated from SDSU with a Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering in May 2014

• Interned at four organizations:

University of Minnesota: Morris, MN, Summer of 2010

Gryodata: Houston, TX, Summer of 2012

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: Greenbelt, MD, Summer of 2013 and 2014

NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center: Palmdale, CA, Spring 2015

• Attending University of North Dakota in Mechanical Engineering with a emphasis in Robotics


Fiber Optic Sensing System (FOSS)

• FOSS is a system that uses lasers to detect Strain in the fibers

• Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) in the fibers at regular intervals

• FBG change index of refraction and grating planes when fiber is experiences strain

• The laser transmitted through the grating

• A small wave length of the laser is reflected back

• The reflected wave length is then measured

• Allows for measurement the elongation of the fiber

• Is applied for strain gauges on aircraft

• Is currently being tested to detect fluid levels at different temperatures

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Fiber Bragg Grating

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Figure 1: Reflected and transmitted light through a Bragg grating (1)


Statement of The Problem• The Pail in Figure 2. is created to test the

FOSS systems on a containers which would

be later used in demonstration

• The demonstration requires interaction to

show the FOSS sensor reading

• Minimum protection with the fibers

• Make a system that would restrict the

participants contact with the pressure vessel

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Figure 2: Original Pail


Objectives• To demonstrate the Fiber Optic Sensing System (FOSS) capabilities with a pressure vessel

• Allow participants to increase and decrease pressure inside a pressure vessel

• Have a system that would allow participants interact with the vessel through two controlled

devices

• Create a map of the sensors for the new pressure vessel with FBG fiber

• Safety devices that would prevent failure of the pressure vessel or damage the FBG fiber

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Proposal

• To make a system that uses pneumatic valves to allow air pressure to increase or decrease

inside the pressure vessel

• The pressure controls of the system are two, two stage (open or close) air direction mechanical

operated valves that can return to close automatically.

• FOSS system integrated on the pressure vessel to demonstrate the abilities of the FOSS for

pressure containers

• A pressure relief valve to prevent future damages to the FOSS system’s fiber optics and

pressure vessel

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Proposed design

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Output

Input

Adjustable pressure release valve

Pressure vessel

Air Compressor


Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantage:

•Physical contact has been reduced to two levers from the valves

•Can connect to an air compressor that is available at current facility

•Programming is not needed for pressure control

•Pressure relief valve to control the Max pressure allowed in the pressure vessel

Disadvantage:

•No visible pressure gauge

•Pressure vessel not designed to hold pressure or minimum pressure

•Compressor output pressure need regulation

•Needs an external air supply

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Changes to the design• A air tank has been added to make the system portable to power scarce locations

• FBG has been added to the air tank

• Programs had been created to map the sensors on the tank

• A program has been created to indicate operator when the pressure inside the pressure vessel

is at critical levels

• The input directional valve been replaces with a ball valve and a flow regulator valve with a

pressure gauge

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Pail (Pressure Vessel)• UN-Compliant Plastic Shipping Pail with

Opening, Round, Flip-Up Handle, 5 Gallon

Capacity, Blue

• 3 loops of FBG epoxy onto the exterior of the

pail

• FBG protected with a clear tape

• A existing cap from previous pail is used

• Connects to the FOSS system

• Max pressure is small (Unreadable from the

Pressure Gauge)

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Figure 3: New Pail With FBG


Air Tank• JEGS Performance Products W10005

Portable Air Tank

• Has 2.25 loop of FBG

• Has a protective layer of clear tape for the

FBG

• The hose provided with the tank has been

removed for a slide connect tip

• Has a valve that opens or closes the tank

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Figure 3: Air Tank With FBG Fiber


Pressure Vessel System (With out compressor)

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Figure 4: pressure vessel with hose and valves


Mapping and Warning Indication

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Pressure Vessel Demonstration

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Air Tank Demonstration

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List of materials

2 – Masterkleer Color PVC Tubing, Green, ¼” Inner Diameter (ID), 3/8” Outer Diameter (OD), 1/16”

Wall thickness, 10’ Length: $16.10 each

2 – Industrial-Shape Hose Couppling, Plug, Zinc-Plated, for ¼” Hose ID, ¼ Coupling Size: $2.15

each

2 – Hand-Operated Miniture Air Control Valve, Auto Return, 2 Ports, 1/8 NPT Female Inlet/Outlet:

$29.47 each

5 – Push-to-Connect Tube Fitting for Air, Straight adapter for 3/8” Tube OD x 1/8 NPT Male: $5.83

each

1 – Industrial-Shape Hose Coupling, Sleeve-Lock Socket, Brass, ¼” NPTF Male, ¼ Coupling Size:

$9.85

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List of materials cont.

2 – Push-to-Connect Tube Fitting for Air, Tee for 3/8” Tube OD: $6.60

2 – Push-to-Connect Tube Fitting for Air, Straight adapter for 3/8” Tube OD x 1/4 NPT Male: $4.33

each

1 – 1/4 NPT In-line Regulator With Gauge: $17.48

1 – Panel-Mount Polysulfone Pressure Regulator for Air, 1/8 NPT Female, 0.5 to 90 PSI: $40.88

1 – UN-Compliant Plastic Shipping Pail with Opening, Round, Flip-Up Handle, 5 Gallon Capacity,

Blue: $25.47

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List of materials cont.

1 – 1/4 NPT Full Port Ball Valve: $7.96

2 – 1/4 FNPT x 1/4 FNPT Female Coup: $1.56

1 – JEGS Performance Products W10005 Portable Air Tank: $25.99

Total Cost: $277.20

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Results• A pressure vessel that uses pneumatics to increase or decrease the amount of pressure

• A system that is mobile if needed

• Both the pail and the air tank can be demonstrations of the FOSS system

• The system can indicate if the pressure vessel is going over the recommended strain

• Maps that shows the both thermal and stress induced strain

• Pail’s Max. Pressure is lower that it is unreadable on the pressure gauge

• The system with no FBG: $277.20

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References

1. Emmons, M., Karnani, S., Trono, S., Mohanchandra, K., Richards, W., & Carman, G. (n.d.).

Strain Measurement Validation of Embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings. International Journal of

Optomechatronics, 22-33.

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NASA Exit Presentation 2015

Documents

Transcript of NASA Exit Presentation 2015