the identity of the narrator First-person is narrated by a character in the story

or a direct observer. (“I” pronouns) Second person addresses the reader as “you,”

hoping to make you identify with the narrator. (not very common in literature; can also include “I” pronouns)

Third-person Omniscient a narrator outside the story who knows all about all the characters. (only “he,” “she,” “it” pronouns)

Third-person Limited a narrator outside the story who only follows the point of view of one particular character. (only “he,” “she,” “it” pronouns)

Which point of view are each of the following?

1. Janie's insult cut like a knife in my heart.

2. Janie's insult cut like a knife in Steve’s heart.

3. You know how insults can cut like a knife?

4. Janie's insult cut like a knife in Steve’s heart, froze her teacher in shock, and made the entire class stand still.

Which point of view are each of the following?

1. Janie's insult cut like a knife in my heart.1ST PERSON

2. Janie's insult cut like a knife in Steve’s heart.

3RD PERSON LIMITED3. You know how insults can cut like a knife?

2ND PERSON4. Janie's insult cut like a knife in Steve’s heart, froze her teacher in shock, and made the entire class stand still.

3RD PERSON OMNISCIENT

Voice is the author's style, the quality that makes his or her writing unique, and which conveys the author's attitude, personality, and character.

or

Voice is the characteristic speech and thought patterns of a first-person narrator; a persona. Because voice has such an impact on the reader's experience of the text, it is one of the most important elements of a piece of writing.

Writing from the heart will help!

Emotions/feelings Values Beliefs Important people and events Crucial issues Things that matter to the writer

Some words that authors use to describe characters DIRECTLY are:

bossy helpful scared

brave honest happy

careful kind neat

friendly proud mean

hard-working shy nice

funny wise angry

Example:

Jim helped his father in the shop. He put tools in the cabinet. He didn’t drop any tools. Mrs. Carter left her purse at the shop. Jim followed her outside to give her the purse.

What words would you use to tell about Jim?

Use of words to create a sensory experience

Uses the five senses Example:

Thanksgiving dinner was a “combination of animated discussion, dry-as-a-bone turkey, and the scent of sugary pumpkin pie.”

Usually a material object that represents something else (usually immaterial)

Actually exists in the text, usually more than once, instead of as a comparison

Common symbols:RoseFlagStorm

“All this last day Frodo had not spoken, but had walked half-bowed, often stumbling, as if his eyes no longer saw the way before his feet. Sam guessed that among all their pains he bore the worst, the growing weight of the Ring, a burden on the body and a torment to his mind.” -J.R.R. Tolkien

a universal message or truth about life

You get what you give

In The Beatles’ song, “Can’t Buy Me Love,” the title states the theme of the piece:

One cannot buy someone’s love.

Sometimes stated directly

More often implied

Through metaphor Through simile

Through personification Through imagery

Through tone of voice Through symbols

The following literary works all express the same theme:

You shouldn’t judge a book by it’s cover.

“Beauty and the Beast”

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

To Kill a Mockingbird

“The Ugly Duckling”