I know, it’s a lot.

Directory

Robespierre get chopped (1794) Directory of 5 takes over – more

conservative Ruled with an assembly

Women’s Rights after Revolution Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of Rights

of Women & Female Citizen (1791) Sliced during Reign of Terror

Gain some rights: public schooling, land/family rights

Mary Wollstonecraft, English: fought for equal education rights

“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility.”

“Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on common utility”.

Age of Napoleon

Born in Corsica (off Italy) 1769 Rose through the ranks fast

1792: captain 1794: brigadier general 1795: saved National Convention from angry

mob 1796: commander of French army in Italy 1797: defeat Austrians, national hero 1798-99: attacks British through

Egypt..doesn’t go well. Finds Rosetta Stone. Retreats.

Naps.

Coup in 1799 brings a new Republic to France.

Three consuls…Napoleon one of them Naps big influence

Legislature Bureaucracy Army Foreign affairs

1802: named consul for life 1804: crowns self Emperor…

…back to monarchy in France.

What’s it all about?

Why did the revolution happen in the first place? Limit arbitrary government

How did it end? Far more autocratic gov’t As time progresses, Nap’s regime more

dictatorial

Napoleon’s Domestic Policy Concordat:

Reestablishes Catholic church

Pope acknowledge Revolution

Not state religion, but religion of majority

Clergy paid by state (Protestants too)

N’s.D.P. Codified laws (before 300 different

legal systems) Just like who?

New: Equality of citizens (except? ) Choice of profession Religious toleration Abolition of serfdom/feudalism Family law: more patriarchal Women less equal than men

Nap’s Military Strength

Hugely successful general, gained territory

Mistake: invades Russia 1812 (600,000 went in, only 40,000 came out)

1814: exiled to Elba 1815: comes back to France 1815: Loss to British (Duke of

Wellington) at Waterloo 1815: Exile to Saint Helena 1821: Dies

Nap’s Empire

Europe after Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna

European powers meet (1815) Led by Austrian, Metternich Purpose: restore order after fall of

Napoleonic France and create balance of power

Monarchy restored: Louis XVIII Territory gained by Nap, given back Ushers in an era of [relative] peace in

Europe for 100 years.

Nationalism

Right to have an independent political rule based on shared history and common future

What do people have in common? Language, customs, traditions, values,

religion

Types of Nationalism

Cultural: shared culture… not necessarily voluntary

Political: seek independence to protect community

Ethnic: shared ethnicity brings a group together regardless of political border

Religious: shared religion…(same as above)

Diaspora: ethnic/religious group based on shared identity. Separated from historical homeland, but share a common ethnicity or religion Example?

Other Revolutions

Mexico: Fr. Hidalgo leads. Assassinated, 1811. “Father of Mexico”

Haiti: only slave state. Rich French colony. L’Ouverture leads.

South America: fight Spain, gain independence. Simon Bolivar. Venezuela, Columbia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia