Nanotechnology and It’s Impact on Modern Computer

By Farah Al-TufailiKufa University – College of computer science and mathematics

DEFINITION

Nanotechnology : It is defined as theengineering of functional systems at the molecularscale.ORNanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 2

WHY SHOULD YOU KNOW SOMETHING ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY?

The National Science Foundation estimates that by the year 2015 there will be a need for 2 million workers

worldwide in the fields of nanoscienceand nanotechnology.

An additional 5 million workers will be needed in support areas for these fields.

By 2015, nanotechnology is expected to be a $3 trillion “industry”

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 3

SIZE MATTERS

How Big is a Nano? – Nano = 1 billionth;100,000 x’s smaller

than the diameter of a human hair.

Examples of Nanoscale– A cubic micron of water contains

about 90 billion atoms. A micron is one thousandth of a millimeter, and a thousand times larger than a nanometer.

– Another way to visualize a nanometer: 1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 4

SCALE OF THINGS—NANOMETERS

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 5

BRIEF HISTORY

The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to mankind. An early example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 6

Stained glass windows. Picture of gold nano particles.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 7

BRIEF HISTORY, CONTINUED

Tokyo Science University.

Birth of Nanotechnology

• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science University used the word “nanotechnology” to describe the science and technology of processing or building parts with nanometrictolerances.

Equivalent Units

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 8

NANOTECHNOLOGY IS NOT NEW!Cold nanoparticles in glass are reflected as red

Ancient stained-glass makers knew if they put finely ground gold or silver in the glass they would get beautiful colors. They used nanosized gold and silver

particles. Optical properties change with the nanoscale.

NANOFABRICATION• Top-down nanofabrication – start with large

material and bring it down to the nanoscale

• Bottom-up nanofabrication – start with individual atoms and build upwards to make a nanostructure

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 9

What Are Some Applications Of Nanotechnology?

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 10

Medicine (Diagnostic, Drug delivery, tissue engineering)

Example:

1. Azithromycin or Zithromax

2. SunScreen

3. SuspensionsNanoto NanoParticles

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 11

Quantum dots are semiconducting nanocrystals that can enhance biological imaging for medical diagnostics.

Information and communication (memory storage,

novel semiconductor devices, novel optoelectronic

devices, quantum computers)

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 12

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 13

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 14

Nanotechnology in Iraq

• Nanoscale dimensions are now employed in the oil and gas industry as well as various other industries to produce seamless objects which possess enhanced properties

• On 14 December 2011, the Iraqi Ministry Defense announced that it has started using nanotechnology in military applications as well as security.

• Nanotechnology holds positive prospects in different fields including clothing, food packaging, disinfectants, sunscreens, cosmetics, appliances, textiles, fuel catalysts and so forth.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 15

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN IRAQ, Continued

• The Iraq’s Ministry of Industry and Minerals has created a new department which specializes in nanotechnology.

• The role of this department is to provide information and ideas to researches in the country and also those abroad.

• 8 research centers in the Directorate and these research centers are in various industrial fields which include petrochemicals, energy, textiles, packing, pharmaceuticals and environment.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 16

Opportunities and Challenges in Iraq

• Iraq went through protruded conflicts and stagnation, but this has opened up economic opportunities to the country.

• Lots of factors sum to make Iraq a wonderful business and investment destination for foreign investors.

• Although the country is opened up for investment, there are lots of challenges facing Iraq.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 17

Opportunities and Challenges in Iraq

Opportunities: The government’s Five-Year National Plan between 2010 and 2014 targets an annual economic growth rate of 9.4 percent and an investment of US$186 billion.

Challenges:Of course, there are few challenges to doing business in Iraq especially as Iraq has been ranked among the worst places to do business on earth. A few of these challenges include: Security Corruption Lack of transparencies with government Unequipped banking system Issues with the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Undeveloped arbitration law Internal dispute over oil rights with the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government

and so forth.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 18

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Advantageso Reduced energy useo Better medical treatmento Lower costs for computing

• Disadvantageso Environmental riskso Privacy risks

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 19

ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Nanotechnology is already in use in many computing, communications, and other electronics applications. These continuously evolving applications include:

Nanoscale transistors Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) Displays for many new Other computing and electronic products

WHY WE USE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER?

• The extensive use of computer and its wide application in the modern world have forced the researchers to improve and manufacture a smaller, faster and a more reliable computer.

• This objective can be fulfilled by nanotechnology.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 20

FASTER COMPUTERS WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY

The silicon transistors in your computer may be replaced in ten years by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 21

IMPACT ON MODERN COMPUTER

• Faster and smaller: by replacing silicon transistor with transistor base on nanotubes we will get faster, smaller and less energy consuming computers.

• Increase the speed: The most common semiconductor material in transistors is silicon, since it is cheap and easy to process. But silicon has its limitations. By exchanging the silicon in the channel for a carbon nanotube, the transistors can be made both smaller and faster than today's transistors.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 22

1- CARBON NANOTUBES

It is a tube shaped carbon material that is measured in nanometre scales.

With the advancement of nanofabrication technique, researchers used this material to create electronic components like transistors, diodes, relays and logic gates.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 23

2- QUANTUM DOTS

Quantum dots are crystals that emit only one wavelength of light when the electrons are excited. It is a new material made by bottom up method of nanofabrication.

In future quantum dots could be used as quantum bits and to form the basis of quantum computers.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 24

3- DNA COMPUTING

DNA computing uses biological materials like DNA, biochemistry and molecular biology, in place of traditional silicon-based computer technology. Biomolecular computing or DNA computing is a fast developing area, research is going on to better understand the theory, experiments, applications of DNA computing.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 25

3- DNA COMPUTING

It is an approach to nanocomputers. DNA computing uses bottom up approach or method to make DNA molecules and DNA logic gates.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 26

4- NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM)

Is computer memory that can get back stored information even when not powered. Examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory, flash memory, ferroelectric RAM.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 27

4- NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM) , CONTINUED

Using NVRAM laptop computers would no longer need back up batteries, permitting them to be made still smaller and lighter. This achievement of nanotechnology is considered as a long –standing dream of the computer industry.

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 28

FUTURE PREDICTIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 29

14 March 2015 Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Modern Computer 30

Thank you for listening