NANOSPONGE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

BY

T.MOUNIKA

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mr. K.ASHOK KUMAR (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

INTRODUCTION METHOD OF PREPARATION MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FACTORS EFFECTING APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A NANO SPONGE ? Nanosponges are tiny

sponges with a size of about a virus with an average diameter below 1μm.These tiny sponges can circulate around the body until they encounter the specific target site and stick on the surface and began to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner.

Cross linking process Highly cross linked cyclodextrins and

highly cross linked polysterene (natural derivative of starch) are used for the fabrication of nanosponges insoluble in water and commonest organic solvents,nontoxic, porous, stable above 300°c which may be used to encapsulate, carry and selectively release a great variety of substances

Interesting features of nanospongesAqueous solubility.Capable of carrying both lipophillic and hydrophillic drugs.Reduce side effects.Improved stability.Extended release.Wide range of dimensions upto 1 micron.

MATERIALS USED FOR NANOSPONGES

POLYMERSCROSS LINKERS

METHODS OF PREPRATION

Emulsion solvent diffusion method.

Hyper cross linked polymers.

Solvent method .

EMULSION SOLVENT DIFFUSION METHOD

Nanosponges can be prepared by using different proportions of ethyl cellulose and poly vinyl alcohol. The dispersed phase containing ethyl cellulose and drug is dissolved in 20ml dichloromethane and slowly added to a definite amount of polyvinyl alcohol in 150 ml of aqueous continuous phase. The reaction mixture is stirred at1000rpm for 2hrs . Then nanosponges formed are collected by filtration and dried in oven at 400c for 24hrs . The dried nanosponges are stored in desiccators to ensure the removal of residual solvent.

HYPER CROSS LINKED POLYMERS

C DCROSS-LINKERS

IN SOLVENT

NANOSPONGE

+ =

Solvent method Mix the polymer with a suitable solvent,

in particular in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl formamide , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Then add this mixture to excess quantity of the cross-linker, preferably in crosslinker/polymer molar ratio of 4to16.

LOADING OF DRUG INTO NANOSPONGES

Nanosponge for drug delivery should be pre-

treated to obtain a mean particle size 500nm. Suspend the nanosponges in water and sonicate to avoid the presence of aggregates and then centrifuge the suspension to obtain the colloidal fraction . Separate the supernatant and dry the sample by freeze drying. Prepare the aqueous suspension of Nanosponge and disperse the excess amount of the drug and maintain the suspension under constant stirring for specific time required for complexation. After complexation ,separate the un complexed (un dissolved) drug from complexed drug by centrifugation. Then obtain the solid crystals of nanosponges by solvent evaporation or by freeze drying. Crystal structure of nanosponges plays a very important role in complexation with drug .

 

MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE FROM NANOSPONGES

SPONGE

VEHICLE

SKIN

Solubility studies Particle size and poly dispersity Microscopy studies

Zeta potential Loading Efficiency and production yield Photo degradation studies In vitro drug release 

CHARATERIZATION OF NANO SPONGE:

ADVANTAGES:1. Controlled release-continuous action for more than 12hours. 2. Reduces dosing interval and increases the patient

compliance.3. Improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced

formulation flexibility.4. These formulations are stable over wide range of pH (1-11)

and temperature .5. These are free flowing, highly compatible with wide variety

of ingredients and cost effective. 6. Targeted site specific drug delivery.7. Masks unpleasant flavours and to convert liquid

substances to solids.8. Biodegradable.

 

 

DISADVANTAGES 1. These include only small

molecules.

2 . Depend upon loading capacities.

3. Dose dumping may take place.

4. May retard the release.

FACTORS EFFECTING NANOSPONGE FORMULATION: Type of the polymer.  Type of the drug.  Temperature.  Method of preparation.

Degree of substitution. 

Type of drug:Drug molecules to be complexed with nanosponges should have certain characteristics mentioned below;  Molecular weight of drug should be between 100-400 daltons.  The structure of the drug molecule should contain no more than five condensed rings.  Solubility in water should be less than 10mg/ml.  Melting point of the substance should be less than 250°C. 

Factors effecting drug release

Physical and chemical properties of entrapped actives.

  Physical properties of sponge system like pore

diameter, pore volume, resiliency etc.  Properties of vehicle in which the sponges are

finally dispersed.  Particle size, pore characteristics, compositions

can be considered as imperative parameters.  External triggers like pressure, temperature

and solubility of actives. 

Medicinal Applications : Nanosponges as drug delivery.

For protein delivery.

In mycotic therapy.

In cancer therapy.

In anti-viral therapy.

In cancer therapy:

Other applications: In water purification.

In food industry.

In floriculture.

In agriculture.

Conclusion :

As formulators consider new and creative ways to deliver actives, they can realize the full capabilities of these unique sets providing enhanced safety, improved stability, reduced side effects, enhanced multi - functionality and improved ingredient compatibility.

Nanosponges have many distinct advantages over existing conventional topical dosage forms for the treatment of topical diseases; in addition it is a one of its kind technology for the controlled release by means of oral as well as targeted drug delivery.

 

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