Nanobiotechnology: Carbon Nanobiotechnology: Carbon nanofibersnanofibers

Presented byPresented byVijay ViswanathanVijay Viswanathan

Prasanna VenkateshPrasanna Venkatesh

OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroductionCarbon Nanotubes TypesCarbon Nanotubes TypesCarbon Nano FibersCarbon Nano FibersEquilibrium StateEquilibrium StateApplicationsApplicationsBio – Technology ApplicationsBio – Technology ApplicationsConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

Carbon NanotubesCarbon NanotubesDiscovered in 1991 by S. Iijima.Discovered in 1991 by S. Iijima.Long thin cylinders of carbon.Long thin cylinders of carbon.Sheets of graphite rolled into a cylinder.Sheets of graphite rolled into a cylinder.Property depends on diameter, length & Property depends on diameter, length &

chirality.chirality.

TypesTypes

Single walled Nano Single walled Nano TubesTubes Sheet of carbon atoms Sheet of carbon atoms

rolled into cylinder.rolled into cylinder. Each carbon has three Each carbon has three

bonds to nearest bonds to nearest neighborsneighbors

Diameter just 1 or 2 Diameter just 1 or 2 nm.nm.

Properties still Properties still debated.debated.

Multi walled Nano TubesMulti walled Nano Tubes Concentric tubes of SWNT.Concentric tubes of SWNT. Diameter : 15 ~ 40 nm Diameter : 15 ~ 40 nm Extremely elastic.Extremely elastic. Young’s modulus – 1 Young’s modulus – 1

TerapascalTerapascal 5 times elastic than steel.5 times elastic than steel.

Carbon NanoFibersCarbon NanoFibers

Carbon nanofibers Carbon nanofibers are woven from are woven from carbon nanotubescarbon nanotubes

Rolled up sheets of Rolled up sheets of carbon atoms. carbon atoms.

Equilibrium stateEquilibrium state A balance state of an object, so that A balance state of an object, so that

it remains firm; equipoise; as to it remains firm; equipoise; as to

preserve the equilibrium of the bodypreserve the equilibrium of the body For a CNF to be in equilibrium For a CNF to be in equilibrium

Arm chair Arm chair ( ( =0) =0) Zigzag Zigzag ( ( =30) =30) Chiral Chiral ( ( <30) <30)

Carbon Bond length in equilibrium is Carbon Bond length in equilibrium is

1.42 Å1.42 Å

ApplicationsApplications

Catalyst support in nanoelectronic devicesCatalyst support in nanoelectronic devices Artificial musclesArtificial muscles Energy storage devicesEnergy storage devices MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics Rubbers and TiresRubbers and Tires Stabilisation against UV RadiationStabilisation against UV Radiation Electrodes in Rechargeable BatteriesElectrodes in Rechargeable Batteries BioTechnologyBioTechnology

BioTechnology ApplicationsBioTechnology Applications

Orthopedic and Neural ImplantsOrthopedic and Neural ImplantsChips using DNA TemplatesChips using DNA TemplatesNeurotrophic electrodeNeurotrophic electrodeRat-ical innovation for remote rescueRat-ical innovation for remote rescue

Cont..Cont..

Artificial eyeArtificial eyeSoul Catcher 2025Soul Catcher 2025Cyber catCyber cat

Orthopedic and Neural ImplantsOrthopedic and Neural Implants

Nano fibers are compatible with human Nano fibers are compatible with human tissues.tissues.

Can create better bone & neural implants.Can create better bone & neural implants.Compatibility arises from similarity in body Compatibility arises from similarity in body

tissue and Nano structure.tissue and Nano structure.Nano materials duplicate cell architecture.Nano materials duplicate cell architecture.Orthopedic Nano implants – Commercially Orthopedic Nano implants – Commercially

available in 5 – 10 years.available in 5 – 10 years.

Cont…Cont…

Establish better electrical connection with Establish better electrical connection with the brain than silicon.the brain than silicon.

Reduces scar tissue formation compared Reduces scar tissue formation compared to silicon electrodes.to silicon electrodes.

Neural Nano Implants – Commercially Neural Nano Implants – Commercially available in 1 – 2 decades.available in 1 – 2 decades.

Chips using DNA TemplatesChips using DNA Templates

Nanofibers are connected to proteinsNanofibers are connected to proteinsA segment of DNA is replaced using the A segment of DNA is replaced using the

concept of RECOMBINATIONconcept of RECOMBINATIONDNA is coated with gold on both ends DNA is coated with gold on both ends

passing electricity through it simulating a passing electricity through it simulating a transistortransistor

Neurotrophic electrodeNeurotrophic electrode

Carbon Nanofiber in form of a coneCarbon Nanofiber in form of a cone Tissues from body are embedded on the Tissues from body are embedded on the

electrode and implanted in the brain allowing the electrode and implanted in the brain allowing the neurons to get attached to the brain cells.neurons to get attached to the brain cells.

A transmitted signal picked up by receiver on the A transmitted signal picked up by receiver on the computer translates into cursor movements computer translates into cursor movements commands on the computer commands on the computer

Robo-ratsRobo-rats

Rat steered by a computer can find buried Rat steered by a computer can find buried earthquake victims (or) dispose off bombsearthquake victims (or) dispose off bombs

Carbon nanofibers electrodes are Carbon nanofibers electrodes are implanted to the rats brainimplanted to the rats brain

Movements signal transmitted from a Movements signal transmitted from a computer to rat’s brain.computer to rat’s brain.

Cont….Cont….

Artificial eyeArtificial eye

An carbon nanofiber Electrode is in the retina of a blind personAn carbon nanofiber Electrode is in the retina of a blind person

The Electrode fires electrical signals directly onto the optic nerves The Electrode fires electrical signals directly onto the optic nerves

and brain and brain

The image is obtained in the video camera screwed to the eye The image is obtained in the video camera screwed to the eye

glassesglasses

As the number of electrodes increases the picture becomes As the number of electrodes increases the picture becomes

sharper.sharper.

Cost $25,000Cost $25,000

Commercially available in 5 – 10 years.Commercially available in 5 – 10 years.

Cont….Cont….

Soul Catcher 2025Soul Catcher 2025

Currently developing a new microchip that will Currently developing a new microchip that will be ready for use by the year 2025 be ready for use by the year 2025

The microchip’s future-tech design will mean The microchip’s future-tech design will mean that, when implanted in the skull just behind the that, when implanted in the skull just behind the eye, it will be able to record a person’s every eye, it will be able to record a person’s every thought, experience and sensation thought, experience and sensation

Downloading a lifetimes experiences from an Downloading a lifetimes experiences from an older person’s brain and transplanting them into older person’s brain and transplanting them into a new-born babies a new-born babies

Cyber catCyber cat

Computer wired to the nanofiber Electrode Computer wired to the nanofiber Electrode implanted cat’s brain.implanted cat’s brain.

Recording the electrical activities in the Recording the electrical activities in the nerve cell in thalamus, researchers were nerve cell in thalamus, researchers were able to record images.able to record images.

Possible to record what a person sees and Possible to record what a person sees and play it back on a later date.play it back on a later date.

Conclusion Conclusion

Nanotechnology is the greatest technological break Nanotechnology is the greatest technological break through in the history of man through in the history of man

Nanotechnology will be the foundation of technology-Nanotechnology will be the foundation of technology-based firms in ten to fifteen years time based firms in ten to fifteen years time

““This technology [nanotechnology] is every bit as This technology [nanotechnology] is every bit as explosive as nuclear weapons.” explosive as nuclear weapons.” -Brad Sherman, U.S. -Brad Sherman, U.S. House of Representative (Democrat - California).House of Representative (Democrat - California).

We have got to be thoughtful of the after effects of nano We have got to be thoughtful of the after effects of nano technological researches and move forward in that technological researches and move forward in that directiondirection

ReferencesReferences http://ipn2.epfl.ch/CHBU/NTapplications9.htmhttp://ipn2.epfl.ch/CHBU/NTapplications9.htm http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Groups/SciTech/nano/images/images.htmlhttp://www.nas.nasa.gov/Groups/SciTech/nano/images/images.html http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~crmartin/index.htmlhttp://www.chem.ufl.edu/~crmartin/index.html http://www.techmonitor.net/techmon/03nov_dec/bio/bio_invent.htmhttp://www.techmonitor.net/techmon/03nov_dec/bio/bio_invent.htm http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2003/121703/http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2003/121703/

Body_handles_nanofiber_better_121703.htmlBody_handles_nanofiber_better_121703.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/193946.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/193946.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/193946.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/193946.stm http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/

2002/05/0501_020501_roborats.html2002/05/0501_020501_roborats.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/468857.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/468857.stm http://website.lineone.net/~oly/BT.htmlhttp://website.lineone.net/~oly/BT.html http://www.2-sight.com/http://www.2-sight.com/

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