Nano Technology of Novel Drug Delivery System

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Nanotechnology is the study, design,creation, synthesis, manipulation, and

application of materials, devices, and

systems at the nanometer scale. The term"nanotechnology" is now commonly used to

refer to the creation of new

objects with nanoscale dimensions between1.0 and 100.0 nm




`Nanospheres and nanocapsules,that canbe either amorphous or crystalline are the

most widely used nanoparticles. They are

specially designed to adsorb or encapsulate a drug, thereby protecting it

against chemical and enzymatic

degradation.` The drug is confined in a cavity lined by a

polymer membrane in nanocapsules

while, there is a matrix system wherein 3Visit www.bpharmstuf.com



Swami Ramananda Tirtha Inst.of Pharm.Sci4Visit www.bpharmstuf.com



` Drug delivery focuses on maximizing bioavailability at specificplaces in the body and for prolonged period of time.The abilityto alter the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the drug inthe body determines the strength of the drug.

` The advantage of nanoparticles over other conventional drugdelivery systems lies in the size, when larger particles would

have been cleared from the body; cells take up thesenanoparticles because of their incredibly small size.` For example, biodegradable nanoparticle drug delivery

systems can be used for targeting drugs to the lungs, whichhas advantages such as avoidance of macrophage clearanceand long resistance times.




Nanoparticles are promising tools for the advancement of drug delivery, medical imaging, and as diagnosticsensors.research in excretory systems of mice,

shows the ability of gold composites toselectively target certain organs based on

their size and charge. These compositesare encapsulated by a dendrimer andassigned a specific charge and size.Positively-charged gold nanoparticles

were found to enter the kidneys whilenegatively-charged gold nanoparticles

remained in the liver .




` More than 100 Nanopharmaceutical patents were

granted by US patent office during 2001-05.

United States Patent 6933331 entitled

³N

anotechnology for drug delivery, contrast agentsand biomedical implants´ has been granted for

nanoscale powders as composite and device

components.




NANOTECHNOLOGYBASED

THER AP AEUTIC APP¶S




` Polyethylcyanoacrylate nanospheres asbiodegradable polymeric carriers have been foundgood for oral insulin delivery in streptozotocin-induced.

` Smartell technology may help diabetics to maintaintheir glucose levels without needing blood sampleglucose monitoring and injecting insulin. The rise inblood glucose will result in breakage of protein

matrix of SmartCell and subsequent release of insulin proportionate to blood glucose.

DIABETES MELLITUS




Ophthalmic Disorders

Dendrimers have a potential

for treatment of ocular disorders




VIV A GEL IS AN ANTI HIV DRUG,

WHICH IS ALSO BASED ON DENDRIMER

TECHNOLOGY.




The incredibly small size of nanoparticles are

very useful in onchology.

The small size of nano¶s enables them to

accumulate at tumour sites,




` microscopic nano particles are attached to cancer cells and µcooks' the tumors inside the body with the help of radio frequency waves

that heats only the nanoparticle attached tumor cells, thereby

causing no harm to the adjacent normal tissues.

` Sensor Test chips embedded with thousands of Nanowires,designed to detect proteins and other biomarkers left behind by

cancer cells, could enable the detection and diagnosis of cancer in

the initial stages from a few drops of a patient's blood




` NANOEMULSIONS made up of tiny soyabean oil

droplets suspended in water &studded with bits of

pathogenic organisms.

` New technology has the potential which change

process of smallpox vaccination using a live virus.




` In the future nanorobots could programed to repair

diseased cells,as antibodies in healing processes.

1)Elimination of bacterial infections.

2) Ability to perform surgery at cellular level.

3)Significant lengthening of human life span.




` Nanoparticles :the size of molecules that

can deliver drugs directly to diseased

cells in your body.

When it's perfected,

this method should greatly reduce the

damage treatment such as chemotherapy

does to a patient's healthy cells.




1. While most applications of nanotechnology in

medicine arestill under development nanocrystalline silver is

already being used as a antimicrobial agent in the

treatment of wounds.

2. Qdots that identify the locationof cancer cells in the body.

3. Nanoparticles that deliver chemotherapy drugs

directly to cancer cells to minimize damage to

healthy cells.




` superparamagnetic iron oxide

nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging

` nanopowders to increase

bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs

`

wound dressings and medicaldevices using antimicrobial nanosilver

` magnetic and optically active

materials for cancer treatment

` nanohydroxyapatite for implantcoatings and bone substitution




` 1. Charman W.N., Chan H.-K., Finnin B.C. and Charman S. A., ³Drug

Delivery: A Key Factor in Realising the Full Therapeutic Potential of Drugs´,Drug Development Research, 46, 316-27, 1999.

` 2. Santini Jr, J.T., Richards A.C., Scheidt R., Cima M.J. and Langer R.,

³Microchips as Controlled Drug-Delivery Devices´, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,

39, 2396-407, 2000.

`

3. Kopecek J., ³Smart and genetically engineered biomaterials anddrug delivery systems´, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20,

1-16, 2003.

` 4. Torchilin V.P., ³Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based

drug delivery systems´, Journal of Controlled Release, 73, 137-72, 2001.

` 5. Muller-Goymann C.C., ³Physicochemical characterization of

colloidal drug delivery systems such as reverse micelles, vesicles, liquid

crystals and nanoparticles for topical administration´, European Journal of

Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 58, 343-56, 2004.

` 6. Haag R., ³Supramolecular Drug-Delivery Systems based on

Polymeric Core-Shell Architectures´, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43, 278-82,

2004. 24Visit www.bpharmstuf.com



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