� As a young country on the developmentcurve, India has the opportunity to take earlymoves on carbon reduction

� Backbencher approach in EnvironmentalPolicy Making & is against signing the climatePolicy Making & is against signing the climatechange treaty

� India is absorbing the pollution of developedworld for products and services which areeventually used by them

� India’s Greenhouse Gas emissions stand @ just twotonnes per capita as compared to fivefivefivefive in China,eleveneleveneleveneleven in Europe & twentytwentytwentytwenty in the US

� Europe has committed to emission reductions of 30 %by 2020 & 60-80 % in 2050

� India will have to develop strategies to keepemissions below that of the developed worldemissions below that of the developed world

� It means as our Per Capita Income grows by 16 timesby 2050 @ present growth rate, India can only let itsper capita emissions grow by 2 times in the sameperiod

� We have to take our emission goals into account rightnow while building our infrastructure and expandingour cities

� Environment-driven crisis tends to affect those parts ofthe economy that are most in touch with country’s land,water and air

� Farmers have noticed changes in local rainfall andmonsoon patterns

� Early indicator of uncomfortable environmental changesacross India has been the stagnation of Agricultural Sectoracross India has been the stagnation of Agricultural Sectorwhere soil degradation and growing droughts and watershortage have affected farm productivity

� Government’s price guarantees for rice, wheat andsugarcane persuaded Indian farmers to grow these waterintensive crops in mass even in arid regions

� Israel uses far less water than we do per hectare, and stillsurpass us in agricultural productivity

� India is just one third canal fed, rest of its crops depend primarily on groundwater

� No incentive to save water and no projects for recharging these natural resources

� Free power to farmers - Vote magnet for Government & Use of subsidized fertilizer and pesticides has desalinated & poisoned the soil

� A crisis of water shortages & failing crops, driven over most of country’s farmers in debt & suicides

� Free electricity to pump out fast vanishing groundwater and cuts in fertilizer will degrade the soil quality

� Degradation of land is now costing 20 % of agricultural output every year. @ this rate, India will have to import 40 million tonnes of food grains by 2030

� Coal Mines - Ruinous impact on India’s economy

� Badly regulated Coal manufacturing industry

� Waste is discarded in open, creating large areas of barren wasteland

� Banning the products that pollute has massive negative impact on business revenues

� Ban on plastic bags in Maharashtra in 2005 (Loss of jobs of around 100,000 workers)

Comparison� Comparison

China - lax government policy, willing to trade pollution for growth

India - State led environmental policy, pollution standards which are difficult to enforce

Best standards in car emission norms

� Not the quantity but quality is what matters..

� Focus less on seasonal monsoon & more on ground water resources

� Five year plans focus on irrigation projects which in turn dry up in summer

� Restore traditional water bodies

� Businesses don’t pay for environmental losses like effluents flowing into the water bodies

� Banks of river Damodar has over 300 coal, � Banks of river Damodar has over 300 coal, iron ore, limestone and mica mines

� Yamuna, has 3 billion litres of waste poured in it everyday

� Challenges we face in environment and energy are global challenges of our generation

� Proactive environmental strategy is needed

� Growth rate is directly related to challenges in adapting to global warming, meeting energy needs, preserving forests, restoring water resources which have already reached crisis level

� India’s growth story dependant on energy supply & sustainability.

� Questions of long term sustainability over short term supply.short term supply.

� ‘It would be economically destructive for India to go all the way up in our oil consumption, and then be forced to come down’ – Sharad Lele.

� In US, it was George Bissell, in late 19th century discovered the real value of rock oil, which was being used as folk medicine to heal wounds and for stomach upsets.

� From that period, oil grew at an indispensable part � From that period, oil grew at an indispensable part of the US economy, enabling the oil-led industrial revolution and the economic rise of the US through the 20th century

� Energy access now makes all the difference, It determines who is poor and who is not.

� India’s venture into coal & oil began early, when exploration for energy started under British rule. (oil discovery in Burma & coal in India’s central provinces)

� Post 1947 strategy- participation of foreign players in energy policy.

� During 60s, almost 85% of energy needs came from ‘informal sources’ such as wood and biogas.

� The government had not interfered with the industry allowing foreign & private players freedom.

� In 70s, Mohan Kumaramanagalam (the then minister of steel & mines), suggested that the mines were treating workers unfairly, and cited reports of 1937 where workers were killed in mine accidents.

� Since then, India’s coal industry has been affected due to falling production, low investments, large-scale inefficiencies, illegal mining, rise to sizable mafia in coal, large scale wastage.

� ‘India’s private companies have discovered more gas in the last decade than the government did in the past sixty years’ – Montek singh Ahluwalia

� Alternative Energy Solution Providers◦ Acme Tele Power has developed Low cost cooling solution ◦ Acme Tele Power has developed Low cost cooling solution (chemical-gel cooling packs) replacing air-conditioning for cellular towers in India.◦ TATA BP solar has implemented solar projects that can power irrigation and lighting systems in rural areas◦ SELCO provides solar headlamps to the poor, which are funded by micro-finance loans.

Renewable energy

� Significant energy initiative

� Business interest

� Increased investment

Option for alternative energy

nuclear

Solar

Hydrogen

Bio-fuel

Wind

� Model of internet

� Decentralized energy system

Innovative solutions� Innovative solutions

Thank You