A

PRODCUT PROJECT REPORT

ON

RAMOJI NAMKEENS

PREPARED BY:

HARDIK P. VADHAR

ACEDEMIC YEAR: 2008-2009

GUIDED BY:

PROF. CHIRAG V. ERDA

FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THIRD YEAR B.B.A.

SUBMITTED TO

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY

RAJKOT.

SHRI G.H. GOSRANI COM. (ENG. MED.) AND

SHRI D.D. NAGDA B.B.A. COLLEGE,

JAMNAGAR.

PREFACE

Becoming a successful Entrepreneur is the dream of any

individual. To become a successful Entrepreneur, a person has to

acquire the practical knowledge for what is going on in the market.

There is much difference between theoretical knowledge, which

we sturdy in classrooms, and practical knowledge, which we have

to apply in any particular field in future. To cop up that difference,

we have to carry out such type of activities gaining practical

knowledge leading to the skills, aptitudes of a person’s life.

Hence, as part of our subject, my self, Hardik P. Vadhar student

of T.Y.B.B.A. of Shri Dharamshi Devraj Nagda B.B.A. College,

Jamnagar presents this Product Project Report on “RAMOJI

NAMKEENS.”

This project report contains all the information starting from

establishment of unit till calculation of expected return on project

and about expected percentage of BEP in normal condition.

So I am sure that my preparation of this project report will give me

a glimpse of the knowledge that is contained in the nature of a

successful entrepreneur. My effort will be a sense of attempt made

my me to fulfill the need of Saurashtra University.

ACNOWLEDGEMENT

Product project report is an effort made by a student of T.Y. B.B.A.

to ensure that he/she has a change given by the syllabus of

Saurashtra university to prove his/her capabilities contained in

him/her to be a successful entrepreneur.

Product Project Report is one of the important document which

may help the promoters of small scale industries to get the lone

from GSFC, banks etc. The product project report helps the

financiers to know the profitability of the unit. It helps the financiers

to know the long term liquidity of the business and also to know

that whether the lone taken will be paid back or not. For this

purpose, I have selected sugar plant.

I am very much thankful to Mr. Chirag V. Erda for giving his

valuable time and guidance and giving us guidance to prepare this

project report.

Finally, I would like to thank Saurashtra University for giving a

great task of preparing such a product project report, which may

help to highlight an overall view of a person’s inner capabilities

Place: Jamnagar

Date

Signature

PROJECT

DETAILS

INTRODUCTION

Dal Moth, Chanachur & Bhujia are considered important,

as processed foods. These are food products having no exact

historical background.

Long ago, people did not hear the name of Dalmoth, Chur or

Bhujia like food products. But now a days, it is well known the

world over. These are mainly consumed during breakfast periods

& during social & cultural periods. These are used as tasty &

flavored food, because of their carminative, simulative, and

digestive properties. India produces almost all types of salty

processed food products of grains like Grams, Pulses etc.

It aids in digestion and adsorption of food possesses

anathematic and antiseptic properties.

The main raw materials for these products are Gram,

pulses & spices. The various food additives & colors may be

used to provide sophistications in the products. The raw

materials, are available in India in plenty.

These salty food products get a broad market in foreign

countries. Hence, there is a lot of scope and market abroad for

these products. These food products have a long shelf life and

easy to transport in any part of the world without the fear of

deterioration. Since India is surplus in food grains production

these items can prove to be good force earner.

USES & APPLICATION

These products impart flavor and aroma. They have been

widely used during breakfast and festive occasions. These are

also used in the appetizing and digestive purposes as a

medicinal way. They have carminative simulative and digestive

properties. These products are uses during the journey. These

products are so useful for fun time & light snacks parties.

PLANT ECONOMICS

Plant Capacity. : 1000 Kgs / day.

= 300 MT/annum.

Products. : Dalmoth, Bhujia & Chana Chur.

Basis. : 2 Shifts / day.

= 300 Working Days P.A.

Land Area Required. : 400 Sq. Nts.

Construction Period. : 4 to 6 months.

Connected Power /

Light Loads. : 25 KWs.

Employment Potentials.: 30 Nos. of employees.

PROJECT COST

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No. Particulars Rs. Lacks

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Land & Building. 10.00

2. Plant & Machinery. 15.00

3. Office Furniture / Empts / Vehicles. 01.00

4. Electrical Installation, Erection Cost etc., 02.00

5. Technical Know-How Cost. 03.00

6. Preliminary & Preoperative Costs. 01.00

7. Contingencies. 03.00

8. Margin Money. 05.00

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 40.00

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ARRANGEMENT OF FUNDS

Debit : Equity Ratio = 3:2

No. Particulars (Rs.lacs)

1. Long Term Loans. 30.00

2. Promoter's Capital. 10.00

--------

Total 40.00

--------

No. Particulars (Rs.lacs)

1. Turn Over, p.a. 110.00

2. Operating Profit 025.00

3. Profit to Sales Ratio 22%

4. Rate of Return (% p.a.) 62%

SPECIAL FEATURS OF THE PROJECT

1. This is a semi-automatic plant which is suitable for S.S.I.-

Sector.

2. The products are categorized as "Fast Food Items" which

are considered essential for house holds, defense, restaurants,

bars, tea-stalls etc.

3. Travelers & drinkers consume these namkeens essential and

so do average to high status families with their tea-time.

4. This project is pollution - free.

5. It can be located near market place.

6. This Agro-based industry has a high export potential and

can be set-up as 100% EOU. However, the scale of

production & style of packaging will have to be attired for exports.

LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY

1. Pulverize, with accessories like V-Pulley, Feed Hopper,

Screen drum, Starter, air-blower, dust-collector.

2. Disintegrator, complete with motor and suitable starter, filled

screen beaters etc.

3. Drying oven (cabinet Type) 10 Trays with thermostat control

arrangements (Electrically heated up to 15* C).

4. Sieving screens.

5. Skin Peeling bares drums with 2 H.P. Motor & Other

Accessories.

6. Filling and Sealing machines (Manual).

7. Weighing Machines.

8. Eccentric roll type impacting machine.

9. Working tools, testing equipments, material handling

equipments etc.

LIST OF RAW MATERIALS

1. Gram, Moong grains & other pulses.

2. Salt.

3. Spices.

4. Food pigments / Flavors / Preservatives.

5. Edible Oils.

6. Packaging Materials & misc. stores.

MARKET POSITION

Eatables have always been in great demand and will

continue to be. Liking or disliking a particular food product is,

altogether a distinct matter and varies from person-person. This

is why a good number of eatables have been developed and

many more can be expected in years to came. Moreover, in this

age of science and technology, when the distance between

countries has only been matter of hours & the sense of

international brotherhood has gained momentum, and the

business has spread globally, it becomes necessary to provide

them with the eatable they like the most. Namkeens have gained

popularity among people of all countries, religions and sects.

The production of namkeens in India is far behind its

demand. Taking into consideration the export potential, the

demand-supply gap runs in thousands of tones. This leaves a

bright scope for many new entrepreneurs.

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS

1. M/s. Blossom Food Indutries,

Khopali, Dist. Kolaba, (MR).

2. M/s. Cornfield & Industries,

Haily Mandi, Distt Gurgaon,

Haryana.

3. M/s. Dega Poha Industries,

Khariyar Road, Distt. Kalandi,

Orrissa.

4. M/s. D. D. Hari Savan,

Amritsar (Pb.).

5. M/s. G & E Morton (I) Ltd.,

P. O. Marhowrah,

Distt, Saran, Bihar.

6. M/s. Haldirams Bhujiawal,

New Delhi.

7. M/s. Hindustan Brefeafast Foods Mfg. Co.,

64-65 Najafgarh Road, Indl Area,

New Delhi.

8. M/s. Irshed Industries.

No. 3340, Market Road,

Chickmaglur, Mysore.

9. M/s. Kashyaplal Agrawal,

Newara Distt,

Raipur (M.P.)

10. M/s. Maltex Chemocal & allied,

Industries, Maltex House,

Clement Town,

Dehradun (U.P.).

11. M/s. Suraj Canteen Natural Food,

Centre Kings Road,

Ahmednagar - 1.

12. M/s. United Cereal Products Ltd.,

4, Banksshell Street,

Calcutta,

13. M/s. Wheato Industries,

G. T. Road, Ferozpur Cantt,

Punjab.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The manuacturing process of these food products is nearly

same with a little difference.:

A. DALMOTH :

The process comprises soaking of pulses (archer, Moong,

etc.) in water and washing in a tanks. It is adaptable in batch or

continuous processing. The outer skin, then peels off in a skin

peeling barrel drum. The skin peeling is necessary to facilitate

removal of moisture.

The pulses are then dried. The drying may be done in sun

but sun drying takes a long time for which an electrical drier is

best suited. Generally, the pulses are loaded in a trolley fitted

with suitable trays & fed to the drier. The drying temperature is

around 50-60*C.

After drying, whole of the pulses are fried in deep edible

hydrogenated oil at 100-180*C for about 60-90 seconds. Excess

oil is drained from the pulses. These are mixed with common salt

preservatives powder and spices. These are Packed in polythene

bags. Storage can be prolonged by preventing rancidity, adding

antioxidant and a synergist to the frying oil.

B. CHANACHUR :

Initially the required amount of chana is soaked in water

in washing tanks, and then, it is beaten by light hammer manually.

Machine hammering is preferred for higher put put. Now it is sent

to frying section, and then, mixed with common slat, powder &

other spices. These are packed in polythene bags. Before packing

addition of antioxidant and synergies can be done.

C. BHUJIA:

Both yellow and white varieties of maize can be used

for preparation of Bhujia. Wheat & Gram can also be used to

prepare bhujia. The Gram or maize seeds are cleaned and

sintered and then these are polished, so that any foreign material

deposited on its upper surface are removed. Then seeds are

sent to pulverize. The ground flours coming from pulverize,

which pass through sieve of mesh no. 1, are good for the

purpose.

MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS OF

PLANT & MACHINERY

A. PULVERIZER:

M/s. Star Engg. Works,

B - 22, Ind. Estate Pratapnagar,

Udaipur - 1 (Rajsthan).

Ph : 24987

M/s. N. K. Engg. Works,

8007 - 8/11, Multani Dhandha,

Paharganj,

New Delhi - 55.

Ph : 522232

M/s. Babbar Engg. & Electric Workers,

688/335, Munshi Ram Bagh,

New Ranjit Nagar,

New Delhi - 8.

Ph : 570 5367.

M/s. Modern Engineering & Welding Works,

A-263, Phase - I

Okhla Industrial Area,

New Delhi - 20.

B. D ISINTEGRATOR :

M/s. Modern Foundry & Machine Works,

Ahmed Nagar.

M/s. S. P. Engg. Corpn.,

77, Fazalganj, Kanpur.

C. OVENS :

M/s. Bagsing Electronic Industries,

Vytela,

Ernakulam,

Kerala.

M/s. Flora Engg. Co.,

Karim Court,

3rd Pasta Lane,

Bombay -5.

M/s. Industrial & Agricultural Appliances,

174, I, Rambagh,

Indore, Mole.

M/s. Kilburn & Co. Ltd.,

Allenby Court,

1/I Allenby Road,

Calcutta - 20.

D. SIEVING MACHINE:

M/s. Andrew Yule & Ltd.,

Yule House,

8 Clive Row,

P.B. 1664,

Calcutta - 1.

M/s. Eimco - K. C. P. Ltd.,

Rama Krishna Building,

38, Mount Road,

Madras - 6.

M/s. Tata Robins Frasev Ltd.,

11, Station Road,

Burmch Mines,

Jamshedpur -7.

M/s. Pentagon Engg. Ltd.,

Mandu Mukund,

Sion (East),

Bombay – 22.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT & CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

INTRODUCTION:

Project management and project planning has a direct

impact on construction schedule. The length of the gestation

period determines not only the quantum of financial charges such

as interest but also project costs. It also effects the provision for

contingencies which is linked with price movements. Since price

movements has although adopted an upward trend, the

gestation period could have a very significant bearing on the

total capital cost. Any extension in time schedule may also alter

the market structure with the emergence of new competitors.

PROJECT HANDLING:

The total project activities can be broadly divided into two

groups. In the first group, there will be activities involving

approval firm various government department such as

registration of the company with local office of the Registrar of

Companies in the in the department of company Affairs,

registration or letters of intent with DGTD or other statutory body,

allotment of land, sanction of power connection, no objection

certificate from pollution control board, sanction of long term

loans from Financial Institutions, cash credit facility with bank etc.

Approval of foreign collaborations from competent authority,

clearance from SEBI for public issue etc. are necessary.

(YOU CAN BRIEFLY WRITE THE ACTUAL STATUS

AND FUTURE PLANNING OF THE

PROPOSED PROJECT AS EXPLAINED IN THE

FOLLOWING EXAMPLE).

In proposed case promoters already purchased the

required land and formalities of diversion is already completed.

Clearance from pollution control brad is not required. Further the

state electricity board has already given their written consent for

necessary power connection and lastly the financial institution

has agreed to provide working capital finance. The major part of

formalities are in progress and as soon as the term loan is

approved by bank and actual implementation so the project can

be started without delay.

Further firm has already selected consultants for necessary

technical assistance in selected of plant and machinery etc.

Civil drawing details layout is already prepared to avoid delay.

PROJECT SCHEDULING

The management will be scheduling these activities so as

to complete the job in an acceptable time span and finally control

the conduct of the scheduled work. In matters of planning. Them

management will consider the requirement, availability and

employment of the necessary man power and facilities for

carrying out the programmed in such a manner that cost and

time required are properly balanced and excessive demands on

key resources is avoided.

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE:

A detailed programmed in the form of CPM network will

be prepared conversing all the key contracts. The detailed will

highlight the dates for i) Invitation of tenders, ii) receipt of

quotations iii) Scrutiny of bids, iv) receipt of materials and

equipment and machinery taking into consideration the time

required for preparation of bids and delivery periods of various

purchased items. A schedule of work in will be prepared to set

in detail all the units comprising the project. A complete

procurement specification will be prepared for each item of plant

and machinery and for civil and structural work.

TIME SCHEDULE:

A construction programmed has been developed to

accomplish the desired objectives within a time span which is as

short aas possible without being excessively curtailed. A time

span of Eight months for project completion defined by erection

and commissioning of the plant is estimated. The following

table gives the time schedules for major works carried out in the

implementation of the project.

SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION:

Sr.

No.Activities

Duration in month

1.Land Acquisition

Already Acquired.

2.Loan Sanctioning 0-2

3.Legal Formalities 0-1

4.Site Developments 0-1

5.Civil Construction 0-3

6.Election, Installation &

Procurement of P & M.

3-5

7.Selection of Staff 4-5

8.Commissioning 5.6.0

Total time required for the project is estimated to 6 month.

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

Some of the guiding principles for detailed plant layout will be

discussed for the benefit of those making layout decisions for the

first time.

STORAGE LAYOUT:

Storage facilities for raw materials and intermediate and

finished products may be located in isolated areas or in adjoining

areas. Hazardous materials become a decided menace to life

and property when stored in large quantities and should

consequently be isolated. Storage in adjoining areas to reduce

materials handling may introduce an obstacle toward future

expansion of the plant. Arranging storage of materials so as to

facilitate or simplify handling is also a point to be considered to

design. Where it is possible to pump a single material to an

elevation so that subsequent handling can be accomplished by

gravity into intermediate reaction and storage units, costs may

be reduced. Liquids can be stored in small containers, barrels

horizontal or vertical tanks and vats, either indoors or out of doors.

EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:

In making a layout, ample space should be assigned to each

piece of equipment ; accessibility is an important factors for

maintenance. It is extremely poor economy to fit the equipment

layout too closely into a building. A slightly larger building than

appears necessary will cost little more than one that is crowded.

The extra cost will indeed be small in comparison with the

penalties that will be extracted if, in order to iron out the kinks,

the building must be expanded.

The operations that constitute a process are essentially a

series of unit operations that may be carried on

simultaneously. These include filtration, evaporation,

crystallization, separation, and drying. Since these operations,

are repeated several times in the flow of materials, kit should be

possible to arrange the necessary equipment into groups of the

same kinds possible to arrange the necessary equipment into

groups of the same kinds. This sort of layout will make possible a

division of operation labors so that one or two operators can be

detailed to tend all equipment of a like nature.

The relative levels of the several pieces of equipment and

their accessories determine their placement. Although gravity

flow is usually preferable, it is not altogether necessary because

liquids can be transported by lowing or by pumping, and solids

can be moved by mechanical means. Gravity flow may be

said to a cost nothing to operate, whereas the various

mechanical means of transportation involve the first cost of the

necessary equipment and the cost of operation and maintenance.

But material must be elevated to a level where gravity flow

must start. However, gravity flow usually means a multistory

layout, whereas the factors favoring a single-story plant may

largely, if not entirely, compensate for the cost of mechanical

transportation. Access for initial construction and maintenance is a

necessary part of planning. for example, overhead equipment

must have space for lowering into place, and heat-exchange

equipment should be located near access areas where trucks or

hoist can be placed for pulling and replacing tube bundles.

Thus, space should be provided for repair and replacement

equipment, such as cranes and forked trucks, as well as access

way around doors and underground hatches.

SAFETY :

A great deals of planning is governed by local and national

safety and fire code requirements. Fire protection consisting of

reservoirs, mains, hydrant, hose houses, fire pumps,

reservoirs, sprinklers in building, explosion barriers and directional

routing of explosion forces to clear areas, and dikes for

combustible-product storage tanks must be incorporated to

protect costly plant investment and reduce insurance rates.

PLANT EXPANSION:

Expansion must always be kept in mind. The question of

multiplying the number of units or increasing the size of the

prevailing unit merits more study than it can be given here.

Suffice it to say that one must exercise engineering judgment ;

that as a penalty for bad judgment, scrapping of present

serviceable equipment constitutes but one phase, for shutdown

due to remodeling may involve a greater loss of money than that

due to rejected equipment. Nevertheless, the cost of change

must sometimes be borne, for the economies of larger units

may, in the end, make replacement imperative.

FLOOR SPACE:

Floor space may or may not be a major factor in the design

or a particular plant. The value of land may be a considerable

item. the engineers however, follow the rule of practicing economy

of floor space, consistent with good housekeeping in the plant

land with proper consideration give to line flow of materials,

access to equipment, space to permit working on parts of

equipment that need frequent servicing, and safety and comfort

of the operators.

UTILITIES SERVICING :

The distribution of gas, air, water, steam, power, and

electricity is not always a major item, inasmuch as the flexibility

of distribution of these services permits designing to meet almost

any condition. But a little regard for the proper placement of each

of these services, practicing good design, aids in ease of

operation, orderliness, and reduction in costs of maintenance.

No pipes should be laid on the floor or between the floor and the

7-ft level, where the operator must pass or work. Chaotic

arrangement of piping invites chaotic operation of the plant. The

flexibility of standard pipe fittings and power-transmission

mechanisms renders this problem one of minor difficulty.

BUILDING :

After a complete study of quantitative factors, the selection of

the building or buildings must be considered. Standard factory

buildings are to be desired, but, if none can be found satisfactory

to handle the space and process requirements of the chemical

engineer, then a competent architect should be consulted to

design a building around he process - not a beautiful structure

into which a process must fit. It is fundamental in chemical

engineering industries that the buildings should be built around

the process, instead of the process being made to fit building of

conventional design.

In many cases only the control area requires housing, with

the process equipment created outdoors. This is known as

outdoor construction and such layouts should be considered for

many types of plants. What consideration must be given to

buildings depends upon conditions. It the designer must adapt

his design to fit and old building or building space already

erected, his problem is cut out for him and be was limiting

conditions. However, the selection of the design of a new

building to meet the requirements of the process is more

scientific. In this case, one finds before him practically all types

of standard building, built in units, interlocking or otherwise, ready

for shipment and erection.

Throughout chemical industry, much thought must be given

to the disposal of waste liquors, fumes, dusts, and gases.

Ventilation, fume elimination, and drainage may require the

installation of extra equipment. This may involve the design of

the individual pieces of operating equipment, or it may require

the installation of isolated equipment. If the latter be the case,

the location of such equipment where it will be interfere with the

flow of materials in process should be practiced.

The selection of the proper piece of equipment for doing this

service is also an important point; the less attention the

ventilating, fume, or waste-elimination systems require, the

better service they may render. Sometimes air conditioning of the

plant is called for an may required an elaborate setup. But the

installation of such equipment, when needed, pays in better

service from operators, less discomfort, greater production, and a

better morale than when such conditions are left to nature.

It must be recognized that there is not only one solution to

the problem of layout of the equipment. There are many rational

designs. Which plant to adopt must be decided upon after exercise

of engineering judgment and after striking a balance job the

advantages and disadvantages of each possible choice.

MATERIAL - HANDLING EQUIPMENT:

Consideration of equipment for materials handling is only a

minor factor in most cases of handling devices. But where this

operation is paramount in a process, serious thought must be

given to it. Again it should be said that engineering judgment

must be exercised. Whenever possible, one should take

advantage of the topography of the site location, one should

take advantage in the process.

RAILCOADS AND ROADS:

Existing or possible future railroads and highways

adjacent to the plant must be known in order to plan rail siding

and access roads within the plant. Railroad spurs and roadways

of the correct capacity and at the right location should be

provided for in a traffic study and over-all master track and road

plan of the plant area.

Some of the factors in rail-track planning are:

1. Existing and future off-site main rail facilities.

2. Permissible radius of curvature for spurs - consult local rail

authorities.

3. Provision for traffic handling - arrangement of spurs and

ladder track and switching.

4. Adequate spur facilities

a. Loading and unloading facilities for initial plant

construction and subsequent operations.

b. Rack stations for liquid handling.

c. Storage space for full and empty cars.

d. Space for cleaning and car repairs.

Major provisions in road planning for multipurpose service are:

1. A means of interplant movement for road traffic, both

pedestrian and vehicular.

2. Heavier and wider roads for large-scale traffic.

3. Routing of heavy traffic outside the operational areas.

4. Roadways for access to initial construction, maintenance,

and repair points.

5. Roadways to isolated points, storage tanks, and safety

equipment, such as fire hydrants.

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

Factors which generally apply to the economic and

operability aspect of plant site location are classified into two

major groups. The primary factors listed apply to choice of a

region, whereas the specific factors looked at in choosing an

exact site location within the region. All factors are important in

making a site location selection.

PRIMARY FACTORS:

1. RAW - MATERIAL SUPPLY :

a. Availability form existing or future suppliers.

b. Use of substitute materials.

c. Distance.

2. MARKETS:

a. Demand versus distance.

b. Growth or decline.

c. Inventory storage requirements.

d. Competition - present and future.

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY :

a. Availability of electricity and various type of fuel.

b. Future reserves.

c. Costs.

4. WATER SUPPLY:

a. Quality - temperature, mineral content,

bacteriological content.

b. Quantity.

c. Dependability - may involve reservoir

construction.

d. Costs.

5. CLIMATE:

a. Investment required for construction.

b. Humidity and temperature conditions.

c. Hurricane, a tornado, and earthquake history.

SPECIFIC FACTORS:

1. TRANSPORTATION:

Availability of various services and projected rates:

1. Rail - dependable for light and heavy shipping

overall distances.

2. Highways - regularly used for short distance

and generally small quantities.

3. Water - cheaper, but may be slow and irregular.

4. Pipeline - for gases and liquids, particularly for

petroleum products.

5. Air - for business transportation of personnel.

2. WASTE DISPOSAL:

a. Regulations laws.

b. Stream carry-off possibilities.

c. Air-pollution possibilities.

3. LABOR:

1. Availability of skills.

2. Labor relations - history and stability in area.

3. Stability of labor rates.

4. REGULATORY LAWS:

a. Building codes.

b. Zoning ordinances.

c. Highway restrictions.

d. Waste - disposal codes.

5. TAXES:

a. State and local taxes.

1. Income.

2. Unemployment insurance.

3. Franchise.

4. Use.

5. Property.

b. Low assessment or limited term exemptions to attract

industry.

6. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

a. Contour of site.

b. Soil structure.

c. Access to rail, highway, and water.

d. Room for expansion.

e. Cost of site.

f. Site and facilities available by expansion on

present company-owned property.

7. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

a. Rural or Urban.

b. Housing costs.

c. Cultural aspects - churches, libraries, theaters.

d. School system.

e. Recreation facilities.

f. Medical facilities - hospitals, doctors.

8. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

a. Distance form important facilities.

b. General industry concentration.

9. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

a. Fire hazards in surrounding area.

b. Floor history and control.

C O N C L U S I O N

In nut shall considering the excellent market potentiality

and good debt service coverage ratio. Low BEP, the

prospects for the project are very bright so there seems no risk

to proprietor as well as to financial institution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:

www.google.com

www.yahoo.com

BOOKS:

Desai Vasant – Project Management – 2nd Edition,

1999 – Himalaya Publishing House.

Rana T. J. and Jain Naresh – 3rd Edition, 2006-2007

– B.S. Shah Prakashan.