Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsNaming Saturated HydrocarbonsAliphaticAliphatic

Straight and Branched AlkanesStraight and Branched Alkanes

AlkanesAlkanesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Define an alkane2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using

the IUPAC naming rules

Familiar SayingsFamiliar Sayings

The individual of the class aves, arriving before the appointed time, seizes the

invertebrate animal of the group vermes.

The early bird catches the worm!

What are Alkanes?What are Alkanes?

Saturated hydrocarbonsCan be straight or with branchesThe general formula for each alkane is: (CnH2n+2)

Some Simple Alkanes Some Simple Alkanes

(C(CnnHH2n+22n+2))

2-methyl-propane

Materials in Your KitMaterials in Your Kit

Make certain your kit contains the following in the right Make certain your kit contains the following in the right location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned to your lab drawer.to your lab drawer.

10 black spheres -10 black spheres - carbon \ small sidecarbon \ small side 2 blue spheres - 2 blue spheres - nitrogen /nitrogen /28 yellow spheres -28 yellow spheres - hydrogen \hydrogen \6 red spheres - 6 red spheres - oxygen \oxygen \4 green spheres - 4 green spheres - chlorine \ large sidechlorine \ large side2 orange spheres -2 orange spheres - bromine /bromine /

or fluorine /or fluorine / (all colors (all colors 2 purple spheres -2 purple spheres - iodine /iodine / together)together)

Materials in Your KitMaterials in Your Kit

30 small wooden pegs -30 small wooden pegs - H bonds only \H bonds only \10 large wooden pegs - 10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds \ other single bonds \ 9 metal springs -9 metal springs - double or triple bonds / double or triple bonds /

or stress bonds /or stress bonds /

Place all of these materials in the center section of your kit.

GradingGrading

The first student lab team that has the structure The first student lab team that has the structure correct will be initialed by me and receive an correct will be initialed by me and receive an extra one-half point. These students will then extra one-half point. These students will then have their names placed on the board and will have their names placed on the board and will be teaching assistants for that organic structure. be teaching assistants for that organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and initial the They will be responsible to grade and initial the structures of other lab teams. structures of other lab teams. Each structure that is designed and named by Each structure that is designed and named by you is worth 0.5 points. you is worth 0.5 points. It is best if you put your It is best if you put your constructionsconstructions in the in the box lidbox lid to carry to the instructor or the teaching to carry to the instructor or the teaching assistant for that structure. The following is the assistant for that structure. The following is the grading criteria:grading criteria:

GradingGrading

1 point 1 point = graded by the instructor and perfect, = graded by the instructor and perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade this team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade and assist with only one structure (RWT with a + )and assist with only one structure (RWT with a + )0.5 points 0.5 points = other perfect scores = other perfect scores (RWT or other initials of student assistants) (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0.5 points0.5 points = (assistants can only give this)= (assistants can only give this)0 points 0 points = wrong pegs were used = wrong pegs were used

(RWT or other initials of student assistants)(RWT or other initials of student assistants)0 points 0 points = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong name (RWT or other initials of student assistants)name (RWT or other initials of student assistants)

Calvin’s Thoughts on the Season:Calvin’s Thoughts on the Season:

Name Side Chains as Alkyl GroupsName Side Chains as Alkyl Groups

A.P. TEST IN MUSICA.P. TEST IN MUSIC

Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and perform it with flute and drum. You may perform it with flute and drum. You may use the flute that you received in third use the flute that you received in third grade.grade.

Find The Longest Chain With The Find The Longest Chain With The Greatest Number Of SubstituentsGreatest Number Of Substituents

Not pentane!!

Look for Longest Chain with Most Substituents

Number the Longest Chain so the Substituents have the Lowest Numbers

The IUPAC RulesThe IUPAC Rules

1.1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that Find the longest carbon chain and name that chainchain

2.2. Number the chain so the substituent groups Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbershave the lowest total position numbers

3.3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a a name and a numbername and a number

4.4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabeticallyMultiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically5.5. Multiple groups that are the same: Multiple groups that are the same: didi(2), (2), tritri(3), (3),

tetratetra(4), (4), pentapenta(5), (5), hexahexa((6)6)6.6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”

groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodogroups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo7.7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers

and lettersand letters

Examples:

CH3-CH-CH3

|

CH3

2-methylpropane

C-C-C | C

Skeletal Structure

CondensedStructure

Complete Structure

Examples:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-

CH3

| CH3-CH2

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3

| | CH3 CH3

3-ethylheptane

2,7-dimethylnonane

7th Grade Science Answers7th Grade Science Answers

"Mushrooms always grow in damp places and so they look like umbrellas."

Examples:

CH3--CH--CH2---C---CH--CH2--CH2--CH3

| CH3-CH2

4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane

CH3 CH3 CH3

| | |

Examples:

CH3-----C-----C-----C-----C-----CH3

| | | | CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

| |

CH3 CH3

3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane

CH3 CH3

| | CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

| | | |

AlkanesAlkanesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Define an alkane2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using

the IUPAC naming rules

The The nn-Alkanes-Alkanes

CH4

C2H6

C3H8

C4H10

C5H12

C6H14

C7H16

C8H18

C9H20

C10H22

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

hexane

heptane

octane

nonane

decane

C11H24 undecane

C12H26 dodecane

C13H28 tridecane

C14H30 tetradecane

C15H32 pentadecane

home heating

alcohol production

gas grills

flick your bic

dry cleaners 5-6

gasoline 7-9

kerosene ~ 12

motor oil ~ 16

petroleum jelly 20

tar ~ 25

wax ~ 40

Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following:Following:

2-methylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

All are “pentanes”All are “pentanes”

Try Naming this One:

Another Why - Maxine

Why  isn't the number 11 pronounced  onety-one?  

The IUPAC RulesThe IUPAC Rules

1.1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that Find the longest carbon chain and name that chainchain

2.2. Number the chain so the substituent groups Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbershave the lowest total position numbers

3.3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a a name and a numbername and a number

4.4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabeticallyMultiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically5.5. Multiple groups that are the same: Multiple groups that are the same: didi(2), (2), tritri(3), (3),

tetratetra(4), (4), pentapenta(5), (5), hexahexa((6)6)6.6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”

groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodogroups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo7.7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers

and lettersand letters

Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsNaming Saturated HydrocarbonsAliphaticAliphatic

Branched AlkanesBranched AlkanesIsomersIsomers

Isomers of AlkanesIsomers of AlkanesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Define an isomer2. Name, write and draw various isomers of

alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

Definition:Definition:

Isomers are organic compounds that have Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure.the same formula but different structure.These structures will have completely These structures will have completely different properties.different properties.

Examples of Isomers of Butane:

All Compounds are C4H10

CH3-CH-CH3

|

CH3

2-methylpropaneCH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

1,1-dimethylethane

butane

CH3

|CH3-CH

|

CH3

2-methylpropane

Familiar Sayings

 Compute not your immature gallinaceans prior to their being produced.

Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched!!

Examples of Isomers of Pentane:

All Compounds are C5H12

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

| CH3

2-methylbutaneCH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

2,2-dimethylpropane

pentane

CH3

|CH3-C-CH3

|

CH3

What about 3-methylbutane?

Bill Gates' RulesHere is a list of 11 things that many high school and college graduates did not learn in school. In

his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel-good, politically-correct teachings created a full

generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this concept has set them up for failure in the

real world.

RULE 11

Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

Classification of H’s & C’sClassification of H’s & C’s

Bonus Problem:

Another Tough One:

Isomers of AlkanesIsomers of AlkanesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Define an isomer2. Name, write and draw various isomers of

alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following:Following:

For All HexanesFor All Hexanes

HexaneHexane2-methylpentane2-methylpentane3-methylpentane3-methylpentane4-methylpentane4-methylpentane2, 3-dimethylbutane2, 3-dimethylbutane2, 2-dimethylbutane2, 2-dimethylbutane2-ethylbutane2-ethylbutane

Definition:Definition:

Isomers are organic compounds that have Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure.the same formula but different structure.These structures will have completely These structures will have completely different properties.different properties.Let’s see if you can build and name some Let’s see if you can build and name some isomers now!!isomers now!!

The IUPAC RulesThe IUPAC Rules

1.1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that Find the longest carbon chain and name that chainchain

2.2. Number the chain so the substituent groups Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbershave the lowest total position numbers

3.3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a a name and a numbername and a number

4.4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabeticallyMultiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically5.5. Multiple groups that are the same: Multiple groups that are the same: didi(2), (2), tritri(3), (3),

tetratetra(4), (4), pentapenta(5), (5), hexahexa((6)6)6.6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”

groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodogroups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo7.7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers

and lettersand letters