Naming Inorganic Compounds
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Transcript of Naming Inorganic Compounds
Naming Inorganic Compounds
There are 3 main types of Bonding
1. Ionic
2. Covalent
3. Metallic
Each Type of Bonding deals with a different combination of elements1. Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal
2. Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal
3. Metallic: Metal + Metal
Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals
The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. Only one compound can be formed
Name of Metal
Root of Non-metal)( -ide
Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals
Example 1: Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce Na2O, what is the name of this compound Since there is only one possible compound,
we do not have to indicate the number of elements
sodium oxide
Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals
Example 2: What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide First write the symbols of the elements Next write the oxidation number of each
element above that element Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce
Al O-23 2
Comprehension Check
What is the name of Mg3N2? magnesium nitride
What is the name of Li2Se? lithium selenide
What is the formula for indium chloride? InCl3
What is the formula for potassium phosphide? K3P
Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals
The metal will take one of its positive oxidation numbers and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. Since the metal has more than one possible
oxidation number, multiple compounds can be formed
We need a distinct name for each
Name of Metal
Root of Non-metal)( -ide
Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral)(
Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals
Example 1: What is the name of IrBr6? First we need to determine how many electrons
that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6 bromine atoms.
Each bromine needs one electronThere is only one iridium in this compoundTherefore, the iridium atom will have to supply all six electrons, giving it a +6 oxidation number.
iridium(VI) bromide
Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals
Example 2: What is the formula for mercury(II) nitride? First write the symbols of the elements Next write the oxidation number of each
element above that element Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce
Hg N-32 3
Comprehension Check
What is the name of RuN? ruthenium(III) nitride
What is the name of MnO3 manganese(VI) oxide
What is the formula for paladium(IV) bromide? PdBr4
What is the formula for molybdenum(V) sulfide? Mo2S5
Ionic Rule 3: Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions – strongly bound group of atoms that have either lost or gained electrons and become charged. List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back
of your Periodic Table Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a
single name Subscripts within the ion cannot be changed Since there is only one oxidation number for the
metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound can be produced.
Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions
Naming these compounds is just like rule 1, except we do not add –ide to the end of the polyatomic ion
Name of Metal )( Name of
Polyatomic Ion
Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions
What is the name of Mg(NO3)2 First, you should recognize that there are
more than two elements involved, which means that a Polyatomic Ion is involved
Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table and confirm that it has a single oxidation number
Look up the name of the Polyatomic Ion
magnesium nitrate
Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions
What is the formula for calcium iodite? First, since the second name does not end in
–ide, a polyatomic ion is involved. Write the symbol for calcium and formula for
iodite. Write the oxidation numbers above the metal
and the polyatomic ion Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis
around the polyatomic ion if necessary
Ca IO2-12 1( )
Comprehension Check
What is the name of KHSO4? potassium hydrogen sulfate potassium bisulfate
What is the name of In2(C2O4)3? indium oxalate
What is the formula of strontium bromate? Sr(BrO3)2
What is the formula for germanium phosphate? Ge3(PO4)4
Ionic Rule 4: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions
When the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, more than one compound can be formed We must use Roman Numerals to indicate
which oxidation number the metal is using
Name of Metal
Name of Polyatomic Ion
Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral )(
Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions
What is the name of RhSO4? First, there are more than two elements involved Look up the oxidation and name of SO4
Sulfate (-2) Finally, figure out which oxidation number the
metal is using.There is only one rhodium, so it must account for all of the electrons & would have to take a +2 oxidation number
rhodium (II) sulfate
Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions
What is the formula for nickel(II) ferrocyanide? First, since the second name does not end in -ide, a
polyatomic ion is involved Write the symbol for nickel and formula for
ferrocyanide Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the
polyatomic ion Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the
polyatomic ion if necessary and reduce
-42 4Fe(CN)6Ni ( )
2
Comprehension Check
What is the name of Cr(IO)3? chromium(III) hypoiodite
What is the name of CuMnO4? copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate
What is the formula for palladium(IV) ferricyanide?
Pd3(Fe(CN)6)4
What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) dichormate?
Mo(Cr2O7)3
Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
Since nonmetals have more than one oxidation number, there will always be more than one compound produced Therefore we have to have a distinct name for
each compound To do this we use a prefix to indicate how
many atoms of each element are presentOne – mono-
Two – di-
Three – tri-
Four – tetra-
Five – penta-
Six – hexa-
Seven – hepta-
Eight – octa-
Nine – nona
Ten – deca
Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
Using prefixes The prefix mono- is only used on the second
elementEx: PF3 is named phosphorus trifluoride
If two vowels are adjacent, leave themEx: NI3 is named nitrogen triiodide
In the case of monoxide only, drop one “o”
Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals
Ex 1: What is the name of P2S3? diphosphorus trisulfide
Ex 2: What is the name of As7I3? heptaarsenic triiodide
Ex 3: What is the chemical formula of dihydrogen monoxide? H2O
Ex 4: What is the chemical formula of dinitrogen pentaoxide? N2O5
Rule 1: Binary Acids
Acid – any compound that is capable of giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton) Strength of acid depends on how easily the
hydrogen ion is released Anytime a compound starts with H, the
compound is typically an acidWater (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are noteworthy exceptions
Hydro- Root of Non-metal)( -ic acid
Rule 1: Binary Acids
Ex 1: What is the name of HCl? Since the compound starts with H, it is
probably an acid. Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the
word acidhydrochloric acid
Comprehension Check
What is the name of HAt? hydroastatic acid
What is the name of HBr? hydrobromic acid
What is the formula for hydroiodic acid? HI
What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid? HF
Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids
Identifying Polyatomic Acids Formula will start with H Has three or more elements
Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic Ion
Ions ending in -ate or -ide
Ions ending in -ite
acidRoot of Polyatomic Ion( -ic)
acidRoot of
Polyatomic Ion( -ous)
Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids
Ex 1: What is the name of H3PO4? First, notice that since the compound starts
with H, we are dealing with an acidAlso, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion
Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the
suffix to -ic and add the word “acid.”
phosphoric acid
Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids
Ex 2: What is the name of H3PO3? First, notice that since the compound starts
with H, we are dealing with an acidAlso, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion
Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix
to -ous and add the word “acid.”
phosphorous acid
Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids
Ex 3: What is the formula for aluminic acid? Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this
must be a polyatomic acid. Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must
really end in -ateWe must be looking of the aluminate ion
Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be involved
Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch the oxidation numbers, and reduce.
H AlO3-31 3
Comprehension Check
What is the formula for manganic acid? H2MnO4
What is the formula for sulfurous acid? H2SO3
What is the name of HNO2? nitrous acid
What is the name of HNO3? nitric acid