Naming and Formula Writingcoachhyde.weebly.com/uploads/2/...unit_5_naming_and... · Laws of...

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+ Naming and Formula Writing

Transcript of Naming and Formula Writingcoachhyde.weebly.com/uploads/2/...unit_5_naming_and... · Laws of...

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+

Naming and Formula Writing

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+ Chemical Formulas

Shows the kind and number of atoms in the smallest piece of a substance

Use subscripts to show the number of atoms per element

Molecular formula- number and kinds of atoms in a covalent molecule

CO2

C6H12O6

Smallest ratio of atoms in an Ionic Compound is the Formula Unit

NaCl

BaCl2

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+ Laws of Chemical Formulae

Law of Definite Proportions- In a sample of a chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions

H2O (water) and H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide)

Law of Multiple Proportions- atoms can combine in multiple ratios to form different compounds with different properties (Dalton)

H2O is different than H2O2

CO is a poisonous gas, CO2 is not

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+ Categories of Chemical Naming

Ionic Compounds

Combinations of metal and nonmetal ions

Binary- 2 ions

Ternary-3 ions, and polyatomic ions

Covalent Molecules:

Combinations of nonmetals

Acids

Simple binary acids

Oxyacids

Organic Chemistry

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+ Remember Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds- from joining metal cations and

nonmetal anions

Electrically neutral

Cation and anion surround each other in a crystal

lattice structure

Smallest ratio of atoms is the formula unit

Melt at high temperatures

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+ Naming Ionic Compounds

First, name the metal, or cation: Positive ions are formed by losing e- There is no name change for the positive ions Name is the same as the metal atom

K+ potassium Ca2+ calcium

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+ Naming Ionic Compounds

Transition metals can have more than one type of

charge

In the stock system, indicate the charge with roman

numerals in parenthesis

Cu+ Copper (I)

Cu +2 Copper (II)

Fe+2 Iron (II)

Fe+3 Iron (III)

Sn+2 Tin (II)

Sn+4 Tin (IV)

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+ Other Transition Metals with Multiple Charges

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+ Naming Ionic Compounds

Transition Metals and the Classical System:

The suffix –ous is used to indicate the lower valence,

or lower positive charge

The suffix –ic is used to name the metal with the

higher valence electrons, or higher positive charge

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+ Transition Metal Exceptions

Some of the transition metals have only one

ionic charge

Do NOT use roman numerals for these:

Aluminum is always +3

Zinc is always +2

Silver is always +1

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+ Naming Ionic compounds

Second, name the nonmetal, or anion:

Negative ion formed by a nonmetal atom gaining

electrons

For these anions, drop the ending of the atom’s name,

and add –ide

F- Fluoride

O2- Oxide

Cl- Chloride

N3- Nitride

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+ What are ternary ionic compounds?

Ternary Ionic Compounds have three different

elements

These compounds have POLYATOMIC IONS

Polyatomic ions are groups of elements, with a

single charge, that behave as one element in an

ionic compound

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+ Converting formula to name: binary edition

KCl

BaS

Al2O3

Na3N

Fe2O3

Sc3P2

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+ What are ternary ionic compounds?

Ternary Ionic Compounds have three

different elements

These compounds have POLYATOMIC IONS

Polyatomic ions are groups of elements with a

single charge that behave as one element in

an ionic compound

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+ Converting Formula to Name: Ternary edition

Na2CO3

FeSO3

CaSO4

NH4OH

K3PO4

LiCn

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+ Names from Formulas

The Criss-Cross Method Returns

Write the formula for Aluminum Oxide

Al3+ + O2-

Al2 O3

Write the formula for Copper (II) Hydroxide

Cu2+ + OH-

Cu(OH)2

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+ Converting Name to Formula

Tin (IV) Carbonate

Copper (I) cyanide

Aluminum Fluoride

Sodium Hydroxide

Lithium Nitrite

Calcium Phosphate

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+ Covalent

In ionic compounds, the number of atoms is easily determined from the name and expected charge of the ions

Covalent molecules are held together by sharing of electrons, and not balanced ionic charge

Name has to include more information

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+ Covalent Molecules

Made from only nonmetals

Can be from one element

O2, N2, H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, & I2

The molecule’s name is simply the name of the

element

Can be made of 2 or more nonmetals

CO2, N2O, H2O

The name has to detail exactly how many of each

element is present in the molecule

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+ Covalent Molecules

Covalent compounds use

prefixes

Mono- 1

Di- 2

Tri- 3

Tetra- 4

Penta- 5

Hexa- 6

Hepta- 7

Octa- 8

Nona- 9

Deca- 10

• Otherwise, left right

nomenclature of ionic compounds

is used.

• Mono is left off for first atom;

• NO2 nitrogen dioxide

• No double vowels when writing

names (oa, oo)

• tetroxide

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+ Covalent Molecules

CO

CO2

H2O

P2O3

CCl4

SF6

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+ Names from Formulas

Diphosphorus pentoxide

Tetraiodine nonoxide

Silicon hexafluoride

Nitrogen trioxide

Carbon tetrahydride

Phosphorus trifluoride

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+ Naming and writing Formulas for acids

What is an acid?

Compounds that give off H+ ions when dissolved

in water

Must have H+ in them

Will always be some H next to an anion

The anion determines the name

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+ Naming simple binary acids

If the anion attached to hydrogen ends in –ide, put

the prefix hydro- and change –ide to –ic acid

HCl- hydrogen ion and chloride ion

Hydrochloric acid

H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion

Hydrosulfuric acid

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+ Naming Oxyacids

If the anion has oxygen in it, the polyatomic ion’s

name ends in –ate or –ite

Change the suffix –ate to –ic acid (no prefix)

HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions

Nitric Acid

Change the suffix –ite to –ous acid

HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions

Nitrous acid

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+ Writing Acid Formulas

Hydrogen will always be first

Name will tell you the anion

Make the charges cancel

Starts with “Hydro” if no oxygen, -ide

No hydro? –ate comes from –ic, -ite comes from –ous

SO42- is sulfate: H2SO4 is Sulfuric Acid

SO32- is sulfite; H2SO3 is Sulfurous Acid

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