NAMI Intro to EDB PhysicsTeachers 20130607 -...

2013/6/20

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Application of Nanomaterials:Recent Product Developments and

Future Perspectives

Dr. Connie KwokR & D Director, Bio & Healthcare Products

7 June 2013

EDB NSS Enriching Knowledge Series of the Physics Curriculum (2)Atomic World - The Use of Nano Technology in our Daily Life and Nature

Confidential Materials

About NAMI

• Is an independent R&D center totally owned by HKUST; it is funded by the Hong Kong Government and industry

• Serve Hong Kong and Mainland industries in technology development and commercialization

• Connect fundamental research and commercial production by performing applied research and pilot-scale testing


Company MissionNano and Advanced Materials Institute Ltd.

(NAMI)

• Acting as the focal point for conductingmarket-driven R&D aimed at developinginnovative products and processes fromproduct conceptualization to market in theareas of nanotechnology and advancedmaterials


Nano Technology• A rapid growing science of producing and utilizing nano-sized

particles that measure in nanometers ( 1 nm = 10-9 meter ).

• Nano particles can be observed only through Electron Microscope(e.g. TEM, SEM, ESEM).

• Emergence of novel and powerful Morphology and Characteristicswhen they reach down to the nano scale.

Nanowire Nanotube NanobladeNanotreeNanoflower

Porous Nanospheres

Solid Nanospheres

Cell response

Surface Property

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Different Types of Projects

• Contract research projects (solely funded by industry)

• Sponsored projects (funded by industry and NAMI)

• Seed projects (solely funded by NAMI)

• During 2012-2013, A budget for R & D projects was over $170 M

Industry funded around 40% of our R&D projects, a percentage

that was the highest in the Hong Kong research centers.


NAMI’s Projects (by number, March 2012)

Five Focused Market Sectors


NAMI’s Clients and Collaborators


Lab and Office

• Existing Office (B16, 608‐9)– 4,236 sq.ft.

• New Office (B15, 515‐6)– 4,179 sq.ft.

• Existing Lab (B11, 301‐7)– 10,608 sq.ft.

• New lab (B11, 308‐9)– 3,547 sq.ft.

• Office space (Rm 3641‐3649) – 3,746 sq.ft.

• Lab space: 1,888 sq.ft.

At HKSTP At HKUST


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NAMI’s Five Areas of Focus

Display & Solid State

Lighting

Sustainable Energy

Bio & Healthcare Products

Construction Materials

EnvironmentalTechnologies


NAMI’s Areas of Focus


Lighting

Sustainable Energy





Bio and Healthcare Products• Healthcare Products and Diagnostic Devices

• Nano-coating: antibacterial, bioactive, non-fouling, waterproof• Rapid high-throughput biochips• Diagnostic Reagent Kits

• Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery• Nano-particles for Pharmaceutical Formulations • Botanical Herbs in Transdermal Delivery• Cosmeceuticals in Skincare Products

• Biotechnology Products• Recombinant Technologies• Gene, Protein and Tissue Engineering


Examples in topics highlighted in green

are to be discussed in this presentation

Healthcare Products and Diagnostic Devices


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(1) Antibacterial Coating with Nano Metal/Metal Oxide

nano coating on different surfaces

How does it work?1) Penetration of metal ions

through cell membrane.2) Interaction of metal ions

with cysteine [SH]‐containing enzymes.

3) Enzyme inhibition leading to bacteria cell death.

E. Coli


Durable Antibacterial Coating for Keyboards used in Hospital Setting

FEATURES• Kills 99% of bacteria within

1 hour (under experimental conditions).

• Being effective even after routine wiping with water, soap and 70% ethanol.

• Provides long-lasting, anti-bacterial effect.

• Gives transparent look.• Being low cost.• Uses simple coating

process.• Compliant to RoHS

(Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive).

• Compliant to SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern).

Convenient Spraying &Low Temperature Curing Process


• The trend continued to demonstrate that coated keys consistently had less bacteria compared with uncoated keys for 6 months with statistical significance.

• Data collection until 30 June 2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Keyboard 6 Keyboard 8 Keyboard 10

Even

t(s)

According to keyboard #

No. ofbacteriacolonieson NoCoating >Coating

No. ofbacteriacolonieson Coating> or = NoCoating

On site evaluation at a local hospital Proprietary coated and non-coated keyboards (from October 2012 – March 2013, 6 months)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Even

t(s)

According to month

No. ofbacteriacolonies onNo Coating> Coating

No. ofbacteriacolonies onCoating >or = NoCoating

p value < 0.05*

(2) Plasma Surface Treatment on Devices• Key advantages

Ultrathin, pinhole-free, stable coating conforming to any shapes or formsSurface can be fine tuned to give almost any chemical properties without

affecting the bulk propertiesClean, green yet efficient coating process without toxic waste to worry about

• Surface chemistries are critically important in medical and diagnostic Devices (other than physical dimensions)Well-known examples of hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic surfaces

Protein stays intact

Protein unfolds anddenatured

Rabe et al, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 87 (2011). Confidential Materials

Ranella et al, Acta Biomaterialia, 2711 (2010).

Dead fibroblasts Healthy fibroblasts

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Plasma-Treated Microplates for Diagnostic ApplicationBioactive Surface to Enhance Biologics Binding

• Achieved surface functionalization to favor HIV Ab binding in ELISA Specific surface oxygen content % Specific functional groups: Negative and positive ion fragments by ToF-SIMS

m/z Fragments

41

42 H2C=C=O -

43 H2C=CH-O-

45 CH3-CH2-O-

H-C C-O -

Untreated

NAMI Treated

Benchmark

O

HH

C8H7O- m/z: 119

OH

H

H

OH

OH

H+

m/z: 43

C2H3O+

+

m/z: 29

CHO+

H2C=CH-C=O+

C3H3O+

m/z: 55

H3C-CH2-C=O+

C3H5O+

m/z: 57

+

C7H7O+

m/z: 107

Negative ion fragments


Ben

chm

ark

NAM

I’s

Positive ion fragments

(3) In vitro Diagnostic ToolsMultiplex, Rapid, Inexpensive LOCs

• Rapid, High-throughput, Low-cost In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Protein-, DNA-, Cell Capture-based for: Animal Health (Monitoring of farm animals’ and pets’ health) Human Diseases (Detection of infectious diseases, early cancers) Food Safety (Surveillance of toxic chemical additives)

Protein-based(ELISA)

DNA-based(Hybridization)

Cell Capture-based(Anti-EpCAM for capturing CTCs)

Wang et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 3084, (2011).


Multiplex Protein-Based LOC for Infectious Diseases(Proof of Concept Study)


Multiplex NanoArrays

1. To design coupling chemistries specific for biomarkers selected (sample, positive and negative controls included)

2. To design and nanoprint spot panels for multiplex (n diseases) diagnostic kits. Each spots only required less than 20nL of antigen reagents, substantially saving costs and time of operations compared to traditional assays using L of reagents

Potential Impact:An LOC integrating automated microfluidic device for screening multiple diseases.

+

Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery


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+

W / O emulsion W / O / W emulsion

W1(genistein + aqueous solution)

W2 (water+PVA)

+

W / O emulsion W / O / W emulsionW2 O

(PLGA + organic solvent)

organic solvent extracted by supercritical CO2

Water washing

Freeze drying

Water washing

Freeze drying

PLGA encapsulated genistein

w/o/w emulsion preparation

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsion (SFEE) process

Final solid nanoparticles

(1) SFEE Process to Prepare PLGA-encapsulated Genistein(4) Isoflavone (Genistein) Nano Health Supplement


Slow Release of Genistein fromPLGA-Encapsulated Nanoparticles


0 6 12 18 24

0

20

40

60

Cum

mul

ativ

e R

elea

se %

Time (h)

Raw genistein SFEE product

23

solvent removal bysupercritical CO2

(2) Precipitation with Compressed Antisolvent (PCA) process

Isoflavone (Genistein) Nanoparticle Health Supplement

Fast Release of Genisteinfrom Nanoparticles

24

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

20

40

60

Dis

solu

tion

%Time (min)

Processed genistein Raw genistein

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Isoflavone (Genistein) Nanoparticleswith Improved Oral Bioavailability

• Nanomized formulation increased both drug solubility & bioavailability.

0 6 12 18 24

0

5

10

Time After Dosing (h)

Raw genistein Processed genistein

Gen

iste

in P

lasm

a C

once

ntra

tion

(

)


Transdermal patch:Nano-Emulsion of a 4-herb formula

(5) nanoPatch for Topical Treatment of Limb Injuries

• nanoPatch effectively delivers a mixture of typically water-insoluble Chinese medicines through skin into the site of action.


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Enha

ncem

ent R

atio

(In vitro model, pig skin in diffusion chamber)

Herbal Plaster

Nano-patch

Marker 1 9

Modernized TCM Product Form with Enhanced Bioavailability

Rat Bone Model: Stronger Bone and Faster Recovery

• nanoPatch expedites healing with good recovery results.• nanoPatch has also been shown in speeding up soft tissue healing.


4-Point Bend Test

(6) Cosmeceuticals in Skincare Products• Nano-encapsulation platform technologies to deliver various sizes & charges.

Small molecules (e.g. herbal medicines) Midsize molecules (e.g. peptides) Macromolecules (e.g. growth factor proteins, epidermal growth factor)


Preparation Method with EGF (6k Da)

Size (nm) Distribution width (nm)

Zetapotential

(mV)

Encapsulation

efficiency

pH value

Film-dispersion emulsion

29.1 27.1 - 36.1 −43.52 ±0.61 16.8% 7

Reverse-phase

evaporation emulsion

80.6 70.9 - 97.8 −37.23 ±0.38 13.5% 7

Solid-in-oil emulsion 215.8 193.8 –

253.5−30.76 ±

2.77 88.3% 6

Solid-in-oil dispersion has the highest encapsulation efficiency among the three nanomization methods

The protein-loaded vesicular systems are hydrodynamically stable (about -30mV)

Formulations are mild to skin

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LightingBio & Healthcare

Products



Sustainable Energy


PhotoVoltaic (PV) Technology Development

Thin Film amorphous-Si Developmentwith Dupont Apollo

(2nd generation)

Thin Film CIGS Manufacturing Process Development

(2nd generation)

OPV Materials, Structures, and Manufacturing Line Development

(3rd generation)

• 2nd and 3rd Gen PV Technologies at NAMIConfidential Materials

OPV Technology at NAMI

Flexible polymers PV bring novel applications

‒ Mobile phone‒ Umbrella‒ Tent‒ Portable electronics‒ Etc.

OPV Materials, Structures, and Manufacturing Line Development

R2R Printing System

• R2R pilot line to bridge technology to volume production


Nano Materials/Technology for Battery Storage

Nano Features Improvement in BatteryIncreased Electrode Surface Area High Power Density, Short Charging

Time, Reduced WeightNano Shape/Structure Reduced Electrode Degradation,

Improved SafetyNano Encapsulation Improved Stability and Safety

Separation of Electrode/Electrolyte Increased Shelf Life

Typical Li Ion Battery (LIB)

NAMI Direction in Battery Development: • Low Cost Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Technology• High Capability, High Voltage, Safe Anode Materials


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NAMI’s Five Areas of FocusSustainable

Energy





Lighting


Why Printed Electronics?• 6+ Patterning Steps vs. 2 Steps Printing/Cure

Conventional Process Flow(Lithography) Printing Process Flow

(Additive Deposition)

Printed Electronics• Simplified Process Flow• Significant Cost Saving• Lower Barrier to Entry to Market


Materials Development for Printed ElectronicsMetal NW & CNT Synthesis to Printable Transparent Conductor

• Transparent conductive films can be obtained from nanomaterial inks with scalable coating techniques

CNT inks

Metal NW inks

Inkjet Printer

Rod Coater

+

Metal NW film

CNT film

Composite Metal Nanowire &

Carbon Nanotube Ink

Nanomaterial InksScalable Printing /

Coating TechniquesTransparent

Conductive Film


Printed Temperature SensorsOpportunity for Low Cost Temperature Sensor integrated with RFID for Controlled Temperature Storage and Transportation in Cold Chain: Food, Pharmaceuticals, & Consumer Electronics.

Biggest Opportunity in Temperature Sensors is Cost Reduction:

Cold chamber

• Current sensors in market typically cost US$15-25 per unit • Printed devices will cost < 10% of current sensors!• Printing Manufacturing Techniques can easily scale sensor

and array sizes for different applicationsConfidential Materials

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LED Thermal Management

Thermal Interface Materials TIM* (Thermal Grease + CNT)

Die Attach Adhesives DAA (Epoxy + Nano Metal Filler + Nano Capsuled Curing Agent)

• Unlike incandescent and fluorescent lamps, LED lifetime is significantly impacted by high operating temperature

• LED lifetime estimated to decrease by half every 10oC increase in operating temperature

• Nano materials can enhance thermal conductivity in two interfaces –Die to Substrate and Substrate to Heat Sink

* K.Zhang et al., Nanotechnology, 19, No. 215706


Key Nano Technologies in LED ApplicationsMetallic Nano Filler to Improve Conductivity

Addition of Metallic Nano Fillers

Die Attach Adhesive starting materials

3D network metal structure to increase heat dissipation path

Increase Heat Dissipation

Path

• Metallic Nano Fillers to improve thermal and electrical conductivity• Thermal Conductivity expected to increase from <10 to >40 W/mK • Applicable to other Electronics Products




Lighting

Sustainable Energy





S o lid S u p p o r t

P h o to c a ta ly s t C o a tin g

(1 ) O rg a n ic p o llu ta n t a d s o rb s to s u r fa c e

(2 ) A d s o rb e d p o llu ta n t b re a k s d o w n

(3 ) F in a l p ro d u c ts :C O 2 a n d W a te r

TiO2 filmsGlass

0 min

60 min

(A) Mineralization of organic pollutant on a photocatalytic coating

(B) Self-cleaning property of photocatalytic coating

(C) Bacteria killed over photocatalytic coating

Self Cleaning & Antibacterial Properties of Photocatalytic Coatings


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TiO2 Photocatalytic Applications

TiO2/dye-sensitized solar cells

Clothing with TiO2

Anti-fogging mirrors

High-end water purification and disinfection system

Air purification and disinfection system

Hydrogen generationSelf-cleaning tiles


Advanced Nano-Porous TiO2 Photocatalytic Air Filter


Nano Materials for Functional Coatings

Nano Coating for Wooden SurfacesNano materials functional coating that is low cost and environmentally friendly:• Replace VOC solvent based processes that are not environmentally friendly

• Green process that provides anti-scratch, water proof, and acid & base resistance properties

Mirror like CoatingNano materials functional coating that is low cost and environmentally friendly:• Replace expensive ECP process on metal surfaces that uses toxic and non green chemicals

• Provide mirror like reflectivity, good adhesion, anti-scratch & anti-corrosion properties on metal or plastic surfaces


Multifunctional Environmental Friendly PaintNanosol-based Paint with Functional Additives

Benefits: – Anti-Scratch– Low VOC – Non-Combustible – Water Resistance – Household Chemical

Resistance– Anti-Microbial

NAMI Paint

Paint B

Paint A

Anti-Scratch500g loading

VOC Regulation Body

Max. VOC content (g/L)

EU Directive 2004/42/CE

130 (Water-based)300 (Solvent-based)

Hong Kong 550China 250

NAMI Paint: 2.4 g/L – 23 g/LExtremely Low VOC Content

Commercial Solvent-based PaintsA B C

D E FCommercial Water-based Paints

Non-CombustibleNAMI Paint


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NAMI paintCommercial

Environmental Paint

102o 74o

High Water Resistance

0

10

20

30

Blankwood

Paint A Paint B Paint C NAMIPaint

Number of Live E. Coli after Incubating Wood in E. Coli Solution

Anti-Microbial NAMI PaintCommercial

Water-based Paint

Coffee

Household Chemical Resistance

Multifunctional Environmental Friendly PaintNanosol based Paint with Functional Additives

Benefits: – Anti-Scratch– Low VOC – Non-Combustible – High Water Resistance – Household Chemical Resistance– Anti-Microbial


Mechanism: 3 functional coating layers to replace the electroplating treatment1) Bottom coating: anti-corrosive function;2) Middle coating: decorative function;3) Surface coating: anti-scratch function.

Composite Mirror Like CoatingEnvironmentally Friendly Materials & Coating Processes

• Coatings fabricated from common widely available materials• IP in formulation and fabrication method/procedure


MLC Samples with Full Stack Composite Coating

• Environmentally Friendly Materials and Coating Technology• Comparable Appearance and Properties to EP samples


NAMI’s Areas of Focus


Lighting

Sustainable Energy





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NAMI R&D in Building MaterialsOpportunities in Smart & Sustainable Buildings

• Hot & Humid Climate in highly populated Hong Kong provides challenging opportunities in Building Materials Development

NAMI’s R&D Directions in

Building/Construction Materials

Energy Conservation

Maintenance Reduction

Waste Recycle

Noise Insulation


Energy Conservation Building MaterialsThermal Insulating Cementitious Building Materials

• Develop a structural lightweight concrete (>30MPa) with satisfactory thermal insulation property

• Develop a lightweight ductile Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites(FRCC) with high water/chemical penetration resistance to provide sufficient durability against steel corrosion

HotCool

Stru

ctur

al li

ghtw

eigh

t co

ncre

te

Under constant heat flux, Indoor Temp could be reduced if:

1. Increase the wall thickness Not practical

2. Decrease the thermal conductivity of the wall panel construction materials Research target


Maintenance of Building MaterialsPreventive Self Healing Concrete

SiO2

PU/ epoxy

Self Healing Concrete Mechanism•Silicate microcapsules incorporated in concrete

•Cracks release silicate healing agent•C-S-H (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) formed to “glue” the concrete

Cracks of 100m was “repaired” after 10 daysBefore After

• Self Healing Concrete extends maintenance schedule and increases service life for concrete




LightingBio & Healthcare

Products


Sustainable Energy



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For more information, please visit http://www.nami.org.hk/

NAMI Intro to EDB PhysicsTeachers 20130607 -...

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