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Cell Structure and Function 11

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.Cell Structure and FunctionName Date

How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive ?

Before You ReadBefore you read the chapter, think about what you know about the topic. Record your thoughts in the first column. Pair with a partner, and discuss his or her thoughts. Record those thoughts in the second column. Then record what you both would like to share with the class in the third column.

Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4

NEWcell theorymacromoleculenucleic acidproteinlipidcarbohydrate

REVIEWtheory

NEW cell membranecell wallcytoplasmcytoskeletonorganellenucleuschloroplast

ACADEMICfunction

NEW passive transportdiffusionosmosisfacilitated diffusionactive transportendocytosisexocytosis

NEW cellular respirationglycolysisfermentationphotosynthesis

Chapter Vocabulary

Think Pair Share

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Chapter 2 Workbook

12 Cell Structure and Function

Lesson 1 Cells and LifeC

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Skim Lesson 1 in your book. Read the headings and look at the photos and illustrations. Identify three things you want to learn more about as you read the lesson. Write your ideas in your Science Journal.

Explain why it took so long for scientists to learn about cells.

Summarize discoveries made by scientists that led to the cell theory.

Robert Hooke

Matthias Schleiden

Theodor Schwann

Rudolf Virchow

List the 3 main principles of the cell theory.

1.

2.

3.

Understanding CellsI found this on page .

I found this on page .


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Use reading pages 17-22to complete this section.

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Lesson 1 | Cells and Life (continued)

Organize information about macromolecules.

Macromolecules

form by have important roles in

cannot function without

Complete the statement about basic cell substances.

The main material inside cells is , which

makes up more than percent of the cell’s volume.

Draw a water molecule in the space below. Color the oxygen red and the hydrogen blue, and label the positive and negative ends. In the space below your drawing, describe the structure of the water molecule, and explain:

1. how that structure helps dissolve materials;

2. why water’s ability to dissolve materials is important to the function of a cell.

Basic Cell SubstancesI found this on page .





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Lesson 1 | Cells and Life (continued)

I found this on page . Identify the types of macromolecules inside cells.

Types of Macromolecules

in Cells

Distinguish 2 types of nucleic acids and indicate what cells make with each type.

1. is used to make .

2. is used to make .

Identify 4 functions of proteins.

1. 3.

2. 4.

Explain why lipids are able to function as protective barriers in cells.

Summarize information about carbohydrates.

Carbohydratesthat provide energy that provide support

1.

2.

1.





Describe how the development of cell theory shows that scientific ideas can change over time. Use specific examples.



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Lesson 2 The CellScan Lesson 2 in your book. Think of three questions you have about cells. Write those questions in your Science Journal. Then try to answer your questions as you read.

Compare cell parts by completing the chart. Put a check mark in the Plant or Animal column to indicate which types of cells contain the cell part listed. You might need to reference the cell diagrams to decide.

Cell Shape and Movement

Cell Part Plant Animal

Cell membrane

Description:

Purpose:

Cell wall

Description:

Purpose:

Cytoplasm

Description:

Purpose:

Cytoskeleton

Description:

Purpose:






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Lesson 2 | The Cell (continued)

Identify and describe 2 examples of cell appendages.

Cell TypesI found this on page .

Cell OrganellesI found this on page .


Classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic by writing “E” or “P” in the right-hand column.

Characteristic Cell TypeCell’s genetic material is surrounded by a membrane.Cell is usually a unicellular organism.It is usually the smaller of the two types of cell.Cell contains organelles.

Identify four facts about organelles.

1.

2 .

3.

4.

Describe some functions of organelles.

What Organelles Do for Cells


1. Example: Description:short, hairlike structures

Purpose:

2. Example:flagella

Description: Purpose:



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Lesson 2 | The Cell (continued)

Organelle FunctionPlant,

Animal, or Both?

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Ribosome

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Golgi apparatus

Vesicle

Central vacuole

Lysosome












Classify information about organelles. In the right-hand column, indicate whether the organelle is in a plant cell, an animal cell, or both.

Some cells contain chloroplasts that use light energy and produce food. Do cells without chloroplasts also depend on sunlight for their food? Explain.



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Moving Cellular Material

Predict three things that will be discussed in Lesson 3. Read the headings, and look at the photos and illustrations. Write your predictions in your Science Journal.

Lesson 3

List 2 functions of membranes.

1.

2.

Organize information about passive transport.

Passive Transport

Definition: Depends on:

Example:

Assess information about diffusion. Read the statements below. If the statement is true, write true on the line. I f it is false, rewrite the underlined portion of the statement so that it is true.

Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Diffusion continues until the concentration of a substance is higher inside a cell than outside a cell.

Passive TransportI found this on page .


DiffusionI found this on page .


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Lesson 3 | Moving Cellular Material (continued)

Osmosis—The Diffusion of WaterI found this on page .


Complete the sentence about osmosis.

Osmosis is a type of that involves

movement of only through the cell

membrane.

Explain the process of facilitated diffusion.

Facilitated Diffusion

A molecule is too large to pass through a cell

membrane.

Cell uses two types of

proteins.

proteins

pass large molecules through membrane by

pass large molecules through membrane by

proteins

Organize information about active transport.

Definition: the movement of substances

through a

only by

can movesubstances

from areas of

concentration to

concentration

Active Transport

used to bring in

and take

out

Active TransportI found this on page .



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Lesson 3 | Moving Cellular Material (continued)

Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport by writing yes or no in each empty box of the chart.

Description FacilitatedDiffusion

Active Transport

Uses carrier proteins

Transports materials across cell membrane

Requires cellular energy

Able to move materials from an area with lower concentration to an area with higher concentration



Cell Size and T ransportI found this on page .

Cells are very small. Yet, as living things, they have the ability to grow. What keeps cells from growing to much larger sizes than they do?

Identify each process as either endocytosis or exocytosis.

Process Description

Materials entering cell

Materials being expelled from cell

Explain how cell size and transport are related. Underline the term that correctly completes each sentence.

As a cell grows, both its volume and surface area (increase/ decrease). Volume increases (faster/slower) than surface area.Eventually, the cell’s membrane would be (too large/too small) to move enough materials into and out of the cell.



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Cells and EnergyLesson 4

Scan Lesson 4 in your book. Think of three questions you have about cells and energy. Write those questions in your Science Journal. Then try to answer your questions as you read.

Organize information about cellular respiration.

What it is: a series of

Cellular Respiration

What it does: converts

into

W here it occurs:

1.

2.

Summarize the first step in the process of cellular respiration. Then label the steps in the diagram on the left.

is called , a process that

First Step of Cellular Respiration

occurs in

produces some molecules

breaks into

Cellular RespirationI found this on page .


Cytoplasm

ATP

ATP

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Lesson 4 | Cells and Energy (continued)


FermentationI f ound this on page .

Describe the second step of cellular respiration.

Mitochondria

Waste products: 1.

2.

Define fermentation by completing the sentences.

When cells do not have enough to make

through , they

use a process called . Because no

is used, less is produced

than in .

Compare fermentation to cellular respiration.

Fermentation Cellular Respiration

What gets broken down?

Where does the breakdown occur?

Is energy released?

Sequence the 2 types of fermentation.

muscle cells use to produce +

yeast cells use to produce

+ +





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Lesson 4 | Cells and Energy (continued)

Create a cycle diagram that shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Use the terms chloroplast, glucose, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, light energy, and mitochondrion in your model.

Why is photosynthesis important to living things other than plants?


Photosynthesis I found this on page .

Diagram the reactions that occur in chloroplasts duringphotosynthesis in the space below. Show what goes into and comes out of this process. Use these terms:• sugar • oxygen • light energy • water • carbon dioxide



ReviewC

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Cell Structure and Function Chapter Wrap-UpNow that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned.

Use this checklist to help you study. Complete your Foldables® Chapter Project.

Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.

Study the definitions of vocabulary words.

Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.

Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson.

Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.

Reread the chapter Big Idea and the lesson Key Concepts. When scientists first began to study cells, they found that plant and animal cells were similar to each other and yet different from each other. What are the similarities that you have noticed? What are the differences?

Challenge Compare the cell to a factory. For example, a factory has a manager, and a cell has a nucleus. Use similar analogies to describe the functions of different parts of the cell.


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