They Spread fragrance They wipe your tears They make you laugh.
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2011 مدرسةالصابرين
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NAME:
CLASS:
SURELY ALLAH IS WITH THE AS-SOABEREEN (AL-QURAN)
Specially for P3 2011 – FIQH/AKHLAQ/HISTORY
ESTD 2004ESTD 2004
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PRIMARY 3
Wudhu
Prayers
Fasting
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Glossary
1. Fardhu:
Compulsory.
Something that is fardhu is a must to do for all Muslims.
Example: The five obligatory daily prayers, fasting during the month of
Ramadhan.
2. Sunnah:
Optional but highly recommended.
Anything narrated or related to the Prophet Muhammad (saw)
regarding his speech, actions, traits, and silent approvals.
Example: Do everything starting with the right side - putting on shoes,
walking, cleaning himself, and in all his affairs generally.
3. Halal:
Lawful, any object or an action which is allowed to use or engage in,
according to Islamic law. Halal can apply to food, money, land and
clothing.
Example: Slaughtering of animals in the name of Allah (swt), kind of
clothes we should wear.
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4. Haraam:
Prohibited, forbidden. anything that is prohibited by Islamic law.
Opposite of halal.
Haraam can be applied to behaviour, objects, food,
Example: Cheating, stealing, ill-gotten wealth obtained through these,
pork
5. Makruh:
A disliked or offensive act.
Though it is not haraam and therefore not a sin, a person who abstains
from this action will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid
such actions when possible.
Example: the use of a large amount of water during showers and wudhu.
6. Ba‟ang:
Call for sunnath prayers
7. Ikaamath:
Call for fardhu prayers
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Wudhu
What is wudhu?
Wudhu is the act of washing those parts of the body that are
generally exposed.
Taking wudhu is a part of eemaan.
Wudhu is to clean ourselves and be prepared for prayers.
A Muslim should always be in wudhu.
The water should be pure clean and fresh with no change in its
colour, taste and smell.
Why should we take wudhu?
To perform prayer, one should be clean, wearing clean clothes and
perform prayer in a clean place.
We should remove all traces of stool, urine, or any other dirt
from us.
Before prayer we should perform Wudhu.
Praying without taking wudhu is wrong.
Without taking wudhu, we cannot pray or read the Quran.
Allah does not accept the prayer of a Muslim who has not taken
wudhu.
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How do we take wudhu?
Say „Bismillahhirrahmannirraheem‟.
Say the niyyath,
Follow these steps:
1. .
Step 2: Next, gurgle our mouth three
times. Wash our mouth.
Step 3 & 4: Then, insert the water with our right hand and wash
our nose with our left hand. This has to be done three times
Step 1: Start by washing our right wrist, followed by out left wrist. Do each hand three times.
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Step 5 & 6: Now, we have to wash our face three times. Water
has to be spread from the start of our forehead to our chin.
Step 7: Next, we should wash our right hand
followed by our left hand until above our elbow.
Each hand has to be washed three times.
Step 8 & 9:‘Masah’the
head, wash the neck and
wash the ear three times.
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Dua after wudhu:
"I testify that there is none worthy of worship but Allah, and I
testify that Muhammad is Allah's Worshipper and Messenger."
"O Allah Make me of the repenters and make me of the purified."
Step 10: Lastly, we have to wash feet until
above our ankle, starting with our right leg and
then our left leg three times. We have to make
sure we wash in between our toes to remove
any dirt.
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What are the things that break wudhu?
There are 8 things that break wudhu.
They are:
1. When we release air from our private parts.
2. When we use the toilet.
3. When a lot of blood is coming from a wound.
4. Vomiting a lot.
5. When a lot of blood is released from inside our mouth.
6. When we slant and sleep.
7. When you are giddy (drowsy).
8. Touching our private parts directly.
Activity for Wudhu
Tick the correct answers.
1. What are the actions that cannot be done without taking wudhu?
□ Reading the Quran
□ Enter the mosque
□ Recite memorised surahs
□ Touch the Quran
□ Fasting
□ Pray
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2. Number the following steps to take wudhu appropriately, from 1 to
7.
Next, we should wash our right hand followed by our
left hand until above our elbow. Each hand has to be
washed three times.
Next, gurgle our mouth three times. Wash our mouth.
Start by washing our right wrist, followed by out left
wrist. Do each hand three times.
Now, we have to wash our face three times. Water
has to be spread from the start of our forehead to
our chin.
Then, insert the water with our right hand and wash
our nose with our left hand. This has to be done three
times
Lastly, we have to wash feet until above our ankle,
starting with our right leg and then our left leg three
times. We have to make sure we wash in between our
toes to remove any dirt.
„Masah‟thehead, wash the neck and wash the ear
three times.
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Tayammum
What if we do not have water to take Wudhu?
We can purify ourself by using good clean earth or sand instead
of water.
This is called, Tayammum, (purification with earth).
It is done in the following way:
1. Say „Bismillahhirrahmannirraheem‟.
2. Say the niyyath,
3. Strike the dust (or sand) with your hands
4. Wipe your hands over your face, your right hand by your left
hand and your left hand by your right hand.
2
.
1
.
3
. 4
.
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Prayers
Why should we pray?
It is the second pillar of islam.
In gratefulness to everything that Allah (swt) has given us.
It protects us from doing bad things.
It makes us do good things.
Makes us remember that all we have is given by Allah (swt)
Be closer to Allah (swt), as praying is a way to talk to Allah (swt).
Praying would strengthen our Iman.
Our daily prayers:
Wakthu Sunnath
(Before)
Fardhu Sunnath (After)
Subuh‟u 2 2 -
Zohor 4 4 2
Asar 4 4 -
Maghrib - 3 2
Isha‟u 4 4 2
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How do we prepare for prayers?
Go to toilet (finish our toilet business)
Take Wudhu.
Cover our awrath.
Check cleanliness of body, dress and place.
Face towards the Qiblah.
When we hear the ba‟ang (call for sunnath prayers), we should be
ready to pray sunnath prayers.
When we hear the ikaamath (call for farlu prayers), we should be
ready to pray fardhu prayers.
What will break our prayer?
To talk knowingly or unknowingly, a few words or many
To make noise or say "OH!" or "AAH!" due to pain etc.
Eating or drinking knowingly or unknowingly.
To turn the chest away from the qibla without an excuse. Doing
sajda at a najis place.
Laughing aloud
To step ahead of the Imaam DURING prayers.
Making some great error in the qiraat of the holy Quran.
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Preparing for Jamaat prayers
Quietly wait for ikaamath by the imam.
When we hear , get up and join the jamaat
and stand in line with others orderly.
Align our feet in line with the rest of the ma'moom.
During Jamaat prayers, follow behind every action of the imaam.
Make sure you do not overtake any actions of the imaam.
When the imaam is reading a surah, listen to him and do not read
by yourself.
Go the extra mile!
How do we join prayers midway if we are slightly late?
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Hadiths:
Narrated 'Abdullah bin Umar (Radi Allah Anhu): Prophet Muhammad
(saw) said, "The prayer in congregation is twenty seven times superior
to the prayer offered by person alone."
[SahihBukhari]
“ And establish the Salah (prayer).Surely Salah keeps one away from all dirty andforbidden acts.And that is the greatest Zikr (remembrance) of Allah.” (Surah Al-Ankaboot 29: Verse 45)
Activity for Prayers
Fill in the blanks.
1. We must pray _________ times a day.
2. We must take _________ before praying.
3. We must check the cleanliness of ________, _________ and
________ before praying.
4. Praying will strengthen our ________.
5. We must face the ___________ while praying.
6. __________, ___________ and ___________ will break our
prayers.
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Fill in the blanks in the following table.
Wakthu Sunnath
(Before)
Fardhu Sunnath (After)
Subuh‟u
Zohor
Asar
Maghrib
Isha‟u
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FASTING
What is fasting?
A form of controlling our nafs (desires)
3rd pillar of islam
Began from hijri 2
Nabi (s.a.w) has fasted for 9 yrs
Should not be greedy
Do not do haram things
It is not starving.
Why must we fast?
It helps you become a better Muslim
Although we may feel tired and restless, these are seeds you
plant in the Garden of Ramadhan. You will harvest the beautiful
tasty fruits of Jannah
Ask forgiveness for past sins
pray for guidance
self-control
Shun away all sins
When must we fast?
During the 9th month of the Islamic calendar – Ramadhan.
Fasting begins from subuh till maghrib.
Subuh is the time of the day which is about one hour before sun
rise and is the beginning of the first light in the dark sky of the
night.
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It is sunnath to wake up for sahar to eat before we start fasting
Niyyath before fasting:
Dua for breaking fast:
Do‟s& Don‟ts
Do‟s Don‟ts
Read Qur‟an Eat
Pray 5 Times A Day Watch, listen or talk
unnecessary things that
displeases Allah.
Du‟ah
Tharawih
Think About Allah
Thikir
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AKHLAQ!
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Contents!
MANNERS (1)
- Obedience to Parents
- Kindness to All People
- Cleanliness
MANNERS ( 2)
- Sleeping
- Eating
- Toilet
IMAAN
Allah‟s SHIFATH
Islamic Manners
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Obedience to Parents The Importance of Obedience to Parents
After obedience to Allah (s.w.t) and His Messenger, it is most
important to be obedient to one's parents. Being polite and helpful to
one's parents is the duty of every Muslim.
Mother‟s spends many sleepless nights patiently caring for her
baby's needs. If the baby is sick, parents nurse him to health.
They gladly spend their money and time to buy clothes, food and
medicine for the baby and toys to make him happy.
As their child grows, they try to provide him a good education and
a loving home. Even if he makes a mistake, they never stop loving
him. Most of all, they pray that their child will grow up to be
successful and happy in this life and in the Hereafter.
Returning the Love and Kindness of Parents
Parents feel very happy if their son or daughter is kind, polite,
helpful and obedient. If their child is rude, disobedient or lazy,
they feel disappointed and even embarrassed. After all, the way a
child behaves reflects on his parents.
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We should never forget that if our parents had
not taken care of us when we were young and
helpless, we probably would not have survived. We
truly owe our lives to our parents, so taking care
of them in their old age should be our pleasure.
Children should do their best to obey their parents. Children
should not argue with their parents, refuse to help them, or make
a fuss over every small matter. Respecting our parents' wishes is
another way we can show our parents we love them.
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Respecting Parents Dua
رب اغفر لي و لوالدي وارحمهما كما رب ياني را صغي
Oh Lord (Allah), forgive me and my parents; have mercy (kindness) on
them as they have brought me up from childhood.
We Have Learned:
*Obedience to our parents is very important in Islam.
*We must be polite and loving to our mother and father.
*We should help our parents in jobs around the house.
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Obedience to Parents
Fill in the blanks.
1. Parents feel very happy if their son or daughter is _______,
__________, _________and ___________.
2. Obedience to our parents is very important in ____________.
3. After obedience to __________ and __________, it is most
important to be obedient to one's parents.
4. Children should do their best to obey their parents. Children
should not _________with their parents, _______ to help them.
5. _________our parents' wishes are another way we can show our
parents we love them.
6. We must be ______ and _______ to our mother and father.
7. We truly owe our _________ to our parents, so taking care of
them in their old age should be our___________.
8. We should never _________ that if our parents had not taken
care of us, we probably would not have survived.
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Kindness to All People
Ibn'Abbas (r.a) reported that Rasulullah (s.a.w) said:
He is not one of us who dies without having shown kindness to our young ones and respect to our older ones.
An older person should be kind to a younger one. He should not
dominate him or be harsh with him. Instead, one should be patient
with the younger persons and set a good example for them.
At the same time, a younger child should be respectful of his
elder brother or sister. He should try not to annoy him/her and
make him him/her angry.
It is best to remember that mutual consideration and kindness is
the basis of all Islamic behaviour.
Being Good to All People
In Islam, every good deed is an act of charity and has a special reward
from Allah (s.w.t). Abu Hurairah (r.a) reported that Rasulullah (s.a.w)
said:
Enjoined on every part of Human body is charity, every day when the sun rises; doing justice between two people is charity;and a good word
is charity; and removing harmful things from the road is charity.
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From this, we can see that a Muslim should try to be helpful and
kind to all people, even if it is only by saying a good word.
Sometimes, thismay be difficult, because some people are not
always nice to you. At such times, you should remember that you
will receive the reward for an act of kindness from Allah (s.w.t),
and that He is watching all your efforts.
The people who return evil with good are especially liked by Allah
(s). The Qur'an teaches us that a good act always wins out in the
end. The Qur'an teaches us:
Be Kind, as Allah has been kind to you. (Al-Qasas 28:77)
We Have Learned:
* We must show kindness and mercy to those who are younger than us.
*We must show consideration and respect to those who are older than
us.
*Rasulullah (s.a.w) taught us that all good deeds are acts of charity.
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Kindness to All People
Fill in the blanks.
1. How do you show kindness to people who are younger than you?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. How has Allah been kind to you?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. The people who return evil with good are especially liked by Allah.
Explain how you can do this?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. How can you show your respect to people who are older than you?
___________________________________________________
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5. Show your kindness only to people. True or False. Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
6. Muslims cannot show kindness to animals. True or False. Explain.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. Kindness and respect to our parents stops when are old. True or
False. Explain Why?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
8. Name any one in your family that you will start to respect or
kindness to.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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Cleanliness
Cleanliness is a very important part of being a Muslim. The way a
Muslim presents himself is a reflection on all Muslims and Islamic
teachings. This is why one should try to keep good habits of cleanliness.
Rasulullah (s.a.w) is reported to have said:
"(The religion of) Islam is clean. Hence, you should also keep yourself clean. No one will be allowed to enter Paradise except he who is clean. This cleanliness is of both the body and the mind."
Cleanliness for Salah
A Muslim should be particularly clean and nicely dressed for the Salah.
He is about to stand before Allah (s.w.t), the Almighty, and must
present himself in the best way possible. Therefore, cleansing oneself
through Wudu, making sure that the clothes are clean and neat, and
clearing the mind of bad thoughts are all parts of necessary
purification in preparation for Salah.
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How Should a Muslim keep himself Clean?
The body
A Muslim should try to bathe daily, if water is available.
The hair
The hair should be washed when bathing, whenever possible. The hair
should always be combed and brushed. Hair oil may be used.
The teeth
The teeth should be brushed several times a day with a toothbrush or
a Miswak. It is recommended to brush the teeth at the time of Wudu.
To brush teeth with a Miswak at the time of Wudu is a Sunnah of
Rasulullah (s.w.t).
Aisha (r.a), Rasulullah's wife, reported that he said:
"The Miswak (tooth stick) is a means of purifying the mouth, and is pleasing to the Lord."
The mind
A Muslim should have a clean mind and pure heart. He should follow
the guidance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. He should do what is good
and avoid what Allah (s) has forbidden. If a Muslim does something
wrong, he should repent and try not to repeat his sin. Regular prayers
and fasting also help a Muslim to remember Allah (s.w.t) and cleanse
the heart and mind.
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Cleanliness
Fill in the blanks.
How should a Muslim keep himself clean from?
Body
Hair
Teeth
Mind
Salah
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SLEEPING MANNERS
Dust and clean the bed three times before getting on.
Sleep on the right side, with right palm under right cheek.
When deciding to sleep, make a habit to take Wuhu.
Sleep after salaatulIsha.
You can also recite this surah before sleeping.
Before going to sleep recite Surahs Al Ikhlaas (QulHuwallah), Al
falaq (QulA'oozuBirabbilFalaq), and An Naas
(QulA'oozuBirabbin Naas) and blow into the hands, thereafter
wipe the entire body three times beginning with the face and
front of the body.
Whoever recites aayatulkursi (AllahuLa'ilaillaHuwalHayyu)
before sleeping, Allah will guard his home, the houses of his
neighbours and the Shaytaan will not come near him during that
night.
The Correct manner of sleeping
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Read the three last Aayats of Surah AL BAQARAH before
retiring.
Narrated by Jabir Bin Abdullah
When night falls (or when it is evening) stop your children from going
out, for the devils spread out at that time. But when an hour of the
night has passed, release them and close the doors andmention Allah‟s
Name, for Satan does not open a closed door.
DON‟TS
- Do not sleep with feet towards the Kiblah.
- You cannot sleep on your stomach. Allah does not like it when
lying on your stomach.
- Avoid Sleeping after Asar.
Dua before Sleeping
باام ا و واحيي اله Oh Allah, by your name I die and by your name I live.
Dua when Waking up
ي احيانا ب د ا اا لا والي اللن ور ال مد ال All praise to Allah who has given us life after death and to Him we shall return
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Sleeping Manners
Fill in the Blanks.
Three time Aayats
Asarstomach
WuhuKiblah aayatulkursi
1. Avoid Sleeping after _________.
2. Read the three last_______ of Surah al baqarah before retiring.
3. When deciding to sleep, make a habit to take ________.
4. Do not sleep with feet towards the _________.
5. Whoever recites_________ before sleeping, Allah will guard his
home.
6. After saying your dua, wipe the entire body _______ beginning
with the face and front of the body.
7. You cannot sleep on your _________
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Eating Manners
Say your Dua‟s before and after eating.
Eat what is closest to you.
To lick your fingers
Chew with your mouth closed.
Don‟t stuff your mouth.
Do not overeat
Do not criticise food. If you don‟t like it, leave it.
Pick back the food you drop, clean it and eat it.
Hadith!!!
Narrated by Abu Huraira:
The Prophet never criticized any food (presented him), he would eat it if he liked it; otherwise, he would leave it (without expressing his
dislike).
Narrated by Ibn „Umar:
Allah‟s Apostle said, “A believer eats in one intestine (is satisfied with a little food), and a kafir (unbeliever) or a hypocrite eats in seven
intestines (eats too much).”
Dua before eating
الله بار للا يمارز لا و لا ا ب اللار
Oh Allah, bless upon us whatever you have given to us and save us from hell fire!
Remember!
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Dua after eating
الحمد لله الذي أطعمنا وسقانا وجعلنا من المسلمين
All praise to Allah who has given us food and drink and made us Muslims.
Dua when forgotten to say Bismillaah!
In the name of Allah from the beginning till the end.
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Eating Manners
Circle the correct option.
1. Licking your fingers is bad manners.
2. Eat the food that is nearest to you.
3. You have to eat until your stomach is very full.
4. If you do not like the food, you can throw it away.
5. Do not criticise the food.
6. Chew your food with your mouth open.
7. Pick the food that you‟ve dropped and throw it away.
8. Don‟t stuff your mouth with food.
9. Thank Allah for the food.
10.
11
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
Sharing your food with others is unhygienic.
True/ False
11. You can say dua when forgotten to say bismillah,
in the middle of eating.
True/ False
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TOILET MANNERS
# One should always move and hide away from others when
relieving oneself.
[1] ENTERING:
One should enter the toilet with the left foot first and say his dua
when entering.
[2] SECLUSION:
Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) would also take the added precaution of not
raising his garment until he had lowered himself near the ground. This
is an indication of extreme sense of modesty and shyness which the
Prophet (s.a.w) possessed.
[3] SQUATTING:
It is recommended to urinate whilst sitting or squatting and not
standing, since this was the usual practice of the Prophet (s.a.w).
Sitting/squatting is better since this is healthier for the body and
because there is less chance of urine splashing onto one's body or
clothes. Great care must be taken to avoid the splatter of urine on
oneself, since urine is something impure. The Prophet (s.a.w) once
passed by two graves and said: “Both are being punished. They are not
being punished for major [sins]. One did not shield himself from urine
and the other carried gossip.
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[4] CLEANING:
It is forbidden to use the right hand in order to clean oneself from the
impurities. As for the material which should be used
for cleaning, then we can use either dry material (i.e.
tissue paper, stones, etc.) or water. It is permissible to
use one or the other however water is better.
[5] STEPPING OUT:
The Prophet (s.a.w) would exit the toilet area with his right foot first
and seek Allah‟s forgiveness.
Dua when entering the toilet
Dua when exiting the toilet
غفران ال مد ال ى اذهب لي األذيى و ا انى
I seek your pardon. All praise to Allah who has removed from me all illness and
given me health.
“Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure”
ب ا الله انى ا وذ ب ال وال آ
By Allah‟s name, Ya Allah, I seek your protection from
both male and female shaitans.
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[Sooratut-Tawbah9:108]
Toilet Manners
Fill in the blanks.
1. It is ________to use the right hand in order to clean oneself.
Forbidden/ Allowed
2. One should enter the toilet with the _____foot first.
Right/ Left
3. He should say his ________ when entering.
Dua/Surah
4. When cleaning, we can use either dry material or__________.
Rough material/ Water
5. Great care must be taken to _________the splatter of urine on
oneself. Avoid/ Happen
6. Allah loves those who make themselves ________and pure.
Filthy/ Clean
7. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) had ________sense of modesty and
shyness. Extreme/ Sufficient
8. Exit the toilet area with right foot first and seek
Allah‟s__________.Blessing /forgiveness
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There are six beliefs on Imaan.
To a Muslim IMAAN means firm belief in Allah and the teachings
of our Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)
Imaan
Allah
Prophets
Holy books
Angels
Al Qadar
Judgement Day
Imaan!
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Say, "He is Allah, the One. God, to Whom the creatures turn for their
needs, and there is none like Him."
[Surah Ahad; 112:1- 4]
2. Belief in Angels
Muslims believe in angels. They are comprised of light, and each
have different purposes. The angels worship Allah alone, obey Him, and act only by His
command. Among the angels is Jebriel, who brought down the Qur'an to
Muhammad (s.w.t)
We know of four famous Angels. They are: -
HazratJibraeel (a.s)HazratIizraaell (a.s)
HazratMichaeel (a.s)HazratIsrafeel (a.s)
1. Belief in God/Allah :
Muslims believe in one, incomparable God, He has no son or
partner.
He is the true God, and the only one.
He alone is the creator of all the universe andHe is
responsible for everything.
In the Qur'an, Allah describes Himself:
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3. Belief in Allah‟s Books
Muslims believe that Allah revealed books to His messengers as
proof for mankind and as guidance for them.
It refers to believing in all the four books.
Tawrah Musa (alai)
Zaboor Dawood( alai)
Injeel Eesa (alai)
Quran Prophet Muhamed (s.a.w)
The holy quran has been memorized by thousands from the
beginning of islam right to the present day.
The holy Quran was the final book of Allah. It is still pure, clear
and free from any change or alteration.
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4. Belief in the Prophets
Muslims believe in the prophets and messengers of Allah.
There were about 124 000 prophets altogether and they always
spoke the truth, committed no sins and conveyed the message
without adding or leaving out anything.
Muslims believe that all the prophets and messengers were
created human beings who had none of the divine qualities of
Allah.
There were 25 prophets names mentioned in the Quran. They are
1. Adham( Alai )
2. Idris( Alai )
3. Nuh ( Alai )
4. Hud( Alai )
5. Salih( Alai )
6. Ibrahim ( Alai )
7. Ismail ( Alai )
8. Ishaq( Alai )
9. Lut ( Alai )
10. Yaqub( Alai )
11. Yusuf ( Alai )
12. Shu‟ aib( Alai )
13. Ayyub( Alai )
14. Musa ( Alai )
15. Harun ( Alai )
16. DhulKifl( Alai )
17. Dawood( Alai )
18. Sulaiman ( Alai )
19. Iliyas ( Alai )
20. Al- yasa( Alai )
21. Yunus( Alai )
22. Zakariyya( Alai )
23. Yahya ( Alai )
24. Isa ( Alai )
25. Muhammad (s.w.a)
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5. Belief in the Day of Judgment
Muslims believe in the Day of Judgment.
They would be judged according to their beliefs and deeds.
They will be held accountable for whatever they have done in
their lives.
What happens after our death?
After the day of Qiyamat when everything will be destroyed,
HazratIsrafeel (a.s) will be ordered to blow the soor.
Once again every person that lived on this earth from the time of
HazratAadam (a.s) up to the final day would be given new life.
They will all gather before Allah (s.w.t) for judgment!
6. Belief in Al-Qadar/ good or bad.
Allah has the knowledge of everything before its creation. Allah
has given human beings the willpower and the ability of doing good
or bad.
Allah has recorded all that has happened and all that will happen.
Whatever Allah wills to happen happens, and whatever He wills
not to happen does not happen.
Therefore we should not despair over any misfortune or boast
over any favour. This teaches us that we should be thankful to
Allah for his favours and patient over any misfortune.
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Imaan
Fill in the blanks.
1. There are altogether _________ beliefs in Imaan.
2. Allah alone is the __________.
3. Muslims belief in Allah, the _______________ god.
4. Angels are comprised of_________.
5. The angels worship Allah alone and each has
different___________.
6. Muslims believe that Allah revealed books to his messenger‟s
as___________for them.
7. The Zaboor was given to ____________.
8. The holy Quran was the_______ book of Allah.
9. There are altogether 25 _________ names mentioned in the
Quran.
10.
11. Muslims would be judged according to their ________and deeds.
After the day of______________ when everything will be
destroyed, HazratIsrafeel (a.s) will be ordered to blow the soor.
Creator Qiyamat
Six
Beliefs
The first prophet was ___________.
12.
Dawood (Alai) Light
QiyamatGuidance Beliefs
Purposes
Creator Adam (Alai) Six
Prophets Incomparable
Final
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1 .Al-Wujud
( existence)
2.Al-Qidam
(No starting)
3.Al-Baqa
(Everlastingness)
4.
Mukhalafatulilhawa
dits
(Non-Resemblance
to the Creation)
5. Qiyamuhu
Binafsihi
(Independent)
6.Wahdaniyat
(Oneness)
7. Qudrat
(Power)
8. Iradat
( Will)
9. Ilmu
( Knowledge)
10. Hayat
( Life )
11. Sama
( Hear )
12.Bashar
( Sight)
13. Kalam
( Speech)
14. Qadiran
( The one with
the power)
15. Muridan
( The one with
willness)
16. Aliman
(The one with
Knowledge)
Allah's Shifath
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1. Al-Wujud (Existence):
= It is obligatory to believe in the Existence of Allah.
= It is an eternal and everlasting attribute.
= Allah exists without a beginning, without an ending, and without
a place.
2. Al-Baqa (Everlastingness):
= His Existence does not end.
= His Existence is everlasting and His attributes are everlasting.
= There is nothing everlasting in itself except Allah
3. Al-Qudrah (Power):
= Allah has the Power over everything.
= The Power of Allah is related to the normal impossibilities.
= He can control everything any anything.
17. Hayyan
( The one with
life)
18. Sami'an
( The one who
can hear)
19. Bashiran
( The one who
can see)
20. Mutakaliman
( The one who can
talk)
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4. Al-Basar (Sight):
= He sees all things that are see able, without an instrument.
= He sees the things that are far away from us and those that
are near to us.
= His attribute of Sight does not change or develop.
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Allah’s Shifa
Match the Following.
Al-Baqa
Kalam
Qudrat
Bashar
Sama
Ilmu
Al-Qidam
Wahdaniyat
Hayat
Iradat
Al-Wujud
QiyamuhuBinafsihi
Everlastingnes
Oneness
Sight
Knowledge
Life
Existence
Speech
Will
Hear
No starting
Power
Independent
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ISLAMIC MANNERS
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• Alhamdulillah
• Praises be to Allah (S.W.T)Sneezing
• Yarhamukallah
• May Allah (S.W.T) bless you
Hearing Someone Sneeze
• Ameen
• Accept our PrayerJoining a Dua
• Ya Allah
• O' Allah (S.W.T)
In A Pain or Disaster
• Astagfirullah
• O Allah forgive me
Be Sorry for a Bad Action
• Na Oodhubillah
• We seek refuge with Allah (S.W.T)
Show your Dislike
• Fatha-Barakallah
• Allah (S.W.T) is greatShow Happiness
Seeing Someone Off
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Islamic manners
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Activity 1: Match the following
To show happiness - - Naoodhubillah
When you sneeze - - FathaBarakallah
When doing something - - Bismillah
To show your dislike - - MashAllah
In appreciation - - AssalamuAlaikum
When meeting a Muslim - - Alhamdulillah
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O ye people! Adore your Guardian-Lord, who created you and those who
came before you, that you may become righteous.
02:21
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SwEeTLitTleTreAsure!
1 • Aadham (A.S)
2 • Idris (A.S)
3 • Nuh (A.S)
4 • Hud (A.S)
5 • Saleh (A.S)
6 • Ibrahim (A.S)
7 • Ismail (A.S)
25• Prophet Muhammad
(SAW)
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Almighty Allah (S.W.T) directed all the angels to assemble.
Thousands of angels (created from light) and Jinns (created
from fire) gathered. They bowed respectfully to Almighty
Allah (S.W.T).
Allah(S.W.T) had intended to create Human Beings.When
the angels heard the Commandment of Almighty Allah
(S.W.T), they all listened. They bowed with respect to
Aadham (A.S). However, Iblis (Shaitaan) did not do so and
stood still.
Iblis disobeyed Allah (S.W.T). He arrogantly refused to
accept Aadham (Alai).Shaitaan requested Almighty Allah
(S.W.T) to allow him to exist until the Day of Judgement. “I
would bring most of the descendants of Aadham (A.S)
under my way. I would lead them astray from the Right
Path.” Allah (S.W.T) agreed.
Aadham (A.S)
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The Prophet Aadham (A.S) and his wife Hawa were given
a place in the Garden (of Bliss) to reside. Allah(S.W.T)
said they could use anything down there but should never
go towards this one tree. It was prohibited for them.
Iblis became very jealous when he saw Almighty Allah
(S.W.T) giving Aadham (A.S) a place in the beautiful
garden. He planned to humiliate them. He tried to
persuade them to approach the prohibited tree.
They were also warned of the power of evil. They tried
hard to ward off the influence of Shaitaan. But he
made numerous attempts to misguide them. Finally
Shaitaan succeeded. He made them approach that
specific tree. Instantly evil consequences appeared.
Prophet Aadham (A.S) and Hawa were deprived of the
heavenly bliss. They requested Almighty Allah (S.W.T) to
forgive them. Allah (S.W.T), the Most Merciful accepted
their repentance butdispelled them from the Garden of
Bliss.
Aadham (A.S)
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
By following Allah (S.W.T) and not following the evil doings of the devil
To understand that following Allah(S.W.T)‟s guidance wards off attacks
of the devil
1. What did Allah (S.W.T) teach Adam (A.S)?
2. What did the devil do to distract Adam (A.S)?
3. What did Allah (S.W.T) give the devil as a punishment?
Did you know?
Aadham is an Arabic word for man. He is the first prophet.
“Behold! We said to the angels "Bow down to Aadam(A.S) ": they bowed down except Iblis. He was one of the Jinns, and he broke the Command of his Lord. Will ye then take him and his progeny as protectors rather than Me? And they are enemies to you! Evil would be the exchange for the wrongdoers!”
Al-Kahf[18:50]
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The Prophet Idris (A.S) told his people to believe in only
Allah (S.W.T) and to give up believing in their idols. He told
them to not be obsessed by the life in this world and its
wealth and things. He also told them not to drink alcohol or
wine.
Some followed Idris (A.S)‟s guidance and some fought him.
However, even against those who went against him, he was
patient and kept telling the people about Allah (S.W.T).
Prophet Idris (A.S) moved to Egypt and settled on the bank
of the river Nile. He started going around to the local
tribes and teaching them about Allah(S.W.T) and about how
to do good things and avoid doing bad things. His teachings
helped make the Nile River area a much better place to live.
Some of the things he taught the Nile River people were:
don't be jealous of what others have and what they do not
be happy with what they have and don't always want more and more
don't break promises be patient worship Allah (S.W.T) sincerely
Idris (A.S)
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
Always be patient. Those who are patient, like Idris (A.S) will be rewarded
beautifully.
1. What were the advices that the Prophet Idris (A.S) offered to his people?
2. What were the teachings at Nile River?
3. What was the speciality of Idris (A.S)?
Idris (A.S)
Did you know?
Prophet Idris (A.S) learned more from Allah. He was the first man who learned to write. He was the inventor of the sciences of astronomy and arithmetic. That means that he was the first one who started studying the stars, planets
and the whole galaxy. He also started studying how things add and subtract and divide and multiply.
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Nuh (A.S) was an excellent speaker and a very patient
man. He pointed out to his people the mysteries of life
and the wonders of the universe. He pointed out that
the ownership of the heavens and the earth belongs only
to the Divine Creator, Allah (S.W.T).
Therefore, he explained to this people, there cannot
have been more than one God.Nuh (A.S) spoke to them
of Allah (S.W.T)'s glorification of man, how HE had
created him and provided him with the blessings of a
mind. He warned them not to worship anyone but Allah
(S.W.T).
One day Allah (S.W.T) sent a message to Nuh (A.S) and
told him to start building a big ship. Nuh (A.S) followed
the command. Some days later a big flood came. All
those who followed Nuh (A.S) were saved as they went
aboard the ship. The rest, including his son who did not
believe him, drowned in the huge flood.
Nuh (A.S)
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
If you believe in Allah (S.W.T) strongly, you will be saved even from the
impossible! (was almost impossible to escape the flood!)
1. What did the generations before Nuh (A.S) did?
2. What did Nuh (A.S) point out?
3. What can you conclude from this incident?
Did you know?
Still, Nuh (A.S)‟s wife and one of his sons did not believe him. He went to the people and they criticized him. Because those that followed him were poor. The people ridiculed Nuh (A.S) saying that he looked no different from them. Why would he be chosen as a Prophet? Surely he must be crazy.
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Hud (A.S), a noble man who handled this task with great
resoluteness and tolerance. Hud (A.S) condemned idol
worship and admonished his people.
The conflict between Hud (A.S) and his people continued.
The years passed, and they became prouder.A drought
spread throughout the land, for the sky no longer sent its
rain. The sun scorched the desert sands, looking like a disk
of fire which settled on people's heads. Hud (A.S)‟s people
hastened to him asking: "What is that drought Hud (A.S)”?
A day came when they found the sky full of clouds. Hud
(A.S)'s people were glad as they came out of their tents
crying: "A cloud, which will give us rain!"The weather
changed suddenly from burning dry and hot to stinging
cold with wind that shook everything; trees, plants, tents,
men and women. The wind increased day after day and
night after night.
Hud (A.S)
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Hud (A.S)'s people started to flee. They ran to their tents to
hide but the gale became stronger, ripping their tents from
their stakes. They hid under cloth covers but the gale became
stronger and still and tore away the covers. It slashed
clothing and skin. The storm raged for 8 days and 7 nights.
That violent gale did not stop until the entire region was
reduced to ruins and its wicked people destroyed, swallowed
by the sands of the desert. Only Hud (A.S) and his followers
remained unharmed.
Hud (A.S)
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
Do not become the anger of Allah (S.W.T) or you may be subjected to
lots of negative effects.
1. What are the sins that will not be forgiven by ALLAH (S.W.T)?
2. What did ALLAH (S.W.T) do when the people refused to accept Islam?
3. How did the people there suffer from the punishment that Allah (S.W.T) gave them?
Did you know?
The people of this town were extremely powerful and wealthy and they built countless buildings and monuments to show their sheer power.
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Prophet Saleh (A.S) was sent to guide people.He called his
people to worship Allah (S.W.T) alone, and to not associate
partners with Him. Some believed him, while the majority of
them disbelieved and harmed him by both words and deeds.
Allah (S.W.T) granted Saleh (A.S) this miracle and a huge,
unique camel appeared from the direction of the mountain.
The Quranic commentators said that the people of Thamud
gathered on a certain day at their meeting place, and the
prophet Saleh (A.S) came and addressed them to believe in
Allah (S.W.T), reminding them of the favors.
A number of Selah (A.S)‟s people believed, yet most of them
continued in their disbelief, stubbornness, and going astray.
It was a blessed camel. A conspiracy started to be hatched
against the camel by the disbelievers, and they secretly
plotted against it.
Saleh (A.S) feared that they might kill the camel, so he
warned them. Unfortunately, the camel got shot by the
disbelievers. Punishment descended upon the evil-doers 3
days later.
Saleh(A.S)
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
We should be like Saleh (ALAI) filled with wisdom, purity and goodness
and so that people will respect us.
1. Why was the camel considered miraculous?
2. How was the camel killed?
3. What shows that Saleh (A.S) was trying to help the killers of the camel?
Did you know?
Like the people of Hud (A.S), the people of Saleh (A.S) also built huge buildings on the plains and hewed beautiful homes out ofthe hills. Tyranny and oppression became prevalent as evil men ruled the land.
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Prothet Ibrahim (A.S) was born in Iraq. His father was lived by carpentry and by making and selling idols of worship.
One day, he asked his father how he worshipped gods which he himself shaped.
His father replied that he had found his forefather doing the same
When he saw the star he said "Could this be my Lord?" But when it set he said: "I don't like those that set." The star has disappeared, it could not be God. God is always present.
Then he saw the moon rising and said could this be my Lord?" But it also set.
But when the sun set he said: "O my people I am free from all that you join as partners with Allah! I have turned my face towards Him Who created the heavens and the earth, and never shall I give partners to Allah."Jibreel (A.S) brought the message from Allah (S.W.T)
PROPHET IBRAHIM (A.S.) PART I
His Birth and How he searched for Allah (S.W.T)
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Our God is the Creator of the heavens and the earth and everything. He has the power to
make the stars rise and set.
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PROPHET IBRAHIM (A.S.) PART
II
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Ibrahim (A.S) decided to prove that the idols the people
worshipped were powerless and could bring no use to them.
On one occasion the people had gone out feasting and enjoying themselves. Ibrahim (A.S) thought it was a good chance. He went straight away to the chief temple, carring an axe.
The temple was big and no one was there. Around there stood many idols, and in the centre of the templestood the idol of the
chief god.
Ibrahim (A.S) lifted his axe and began to hit on idol after
other.He smashed all the idols except one chief god.
He left the biggest idol untouched, as if he tell the people that abattle had happen been fought among the idols. The biggest one had won the battle; smashing all the smaller ones.
When the people saw all this, they asked „‟ Who has done this to our god? Ibrahim did you do this ?‟‟ he replied „‟ No! it was this, the biggest of them all,who did it. Why don`t you ask there idols ? they will tell you every thing that happen.‟‟
„‟ Ibrahim! You already know that these idols do not speak,‟‟
the people said.
It was now Ibrahim (A.S)`s turn which he has been wating for "Do you then worship, instead of allah things that cannot benefit you in anyway. Will you still not use your
brains?"
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PROPHET IBRAHIM (A.S.) PART
III
Prophet Ibrahim (A.S) had an argument with the king also. He was very proud to be a king. He believed that he was a god king. Ibrahim said to him, “My sustainer is He who gives life and death.‟‟
The king argued proudly, „‟ I also have the power of life and death,‟‟.
But Ibrahim said,‟‟ My sustainer is He who causes the sun to rise in the east, can you cause the sun to rise in the west?‟‟. This silenced the king..
But the stubborn king decided to punish, Prophet Ibrahim, while Allah (S.W.T) was watching and listening to all. The King had a big fire made. He ordered Ibrahim (A.S) to be thrown into the leaping flame.
The flame might have consumed Ibrahim but Allah (S.W.T) ordered the fire to cool down for his prophet and Ibrahim was wonderfully saved.
It was not a suitable place for lbrahim (A.S) to live any more. Allah (S.W.T) ordered him to go to a distant place. Ibrahim (A.S) loved and obeyed Allah (S.W.T). He always said yes to whatever Allah (S.W.T) commanded.
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How can we apply this in our daily life?
Only when we try to give up what we love, we will be rewarded even more
beautifully.
1. How did Ibrahim (A.S) prove that worhsipping idols were incorrect?
2. How did Ibrahim (A.S) get tortured by the king?
3. How was he saved eventually?
Did you know?
Ibrahim(A.S) lived for a total of 175 years. Alhamdulilah!
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Prophet Isma‟il (A.S) was the son of Ibrahim (A.S) and
Hajar. One day Ibrahim (A.S) took his baby son and wife
(Hajar) to the site where Ka‟ba can be found today. He gave
them some dates and water and started to leave. As
Ibrahim (A.S) walked away, Hajar followed and asked why
they were being left in this empty place. She understood
from his silence that Allah (S.W.T) had commanded him to
do this.
When the water ran out, and Isma‟il‟s (A.S) mother could no
longer produce enough milk to feed Isma‟il (A.S). The
mother could not bear to see her child suffering, so she ran
to the top of nearby Mount Safa to see if she could find
someone to help her. When she could see no one, she ran
down the mountain and across the valley to Mount Marwa.
She ran from one mountain to the other seven times,
looking for water or help. Finally, when Ismail (A.S) kicked
the ground in hunger, water splashed out from the Earth
known as Zam-zam water.
Ismail (A.S)
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How can we apply this in our daily life?
Believe in Allahu SWT and even the most impossible will happen.
1. Why did Hajar accepted to stay at the place where Ibrahim (alai) left her?
2. Why did Hajar run down the mountain?
3. What is the speciality of zam-zam water?
Did you know?
One of the miracles of Zamzam water is its ability to satisfy
both thirst and hunger. One of the Companions of the
Prophet said that before Islam, the water was called
"Shabbaa'ah" or satisfying. It was filling and helped them
nourish their families.
After Islam, this powerful ability to quench thirst and fill
stomachs remained. Prophet Muhammad said: "The best
water on the face of the earth is the water of Zamzam; it is a
kind of food and a healingfrom sickness.
According to the Muslim collection of Hadith, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari,
a Companion (Sahabi), noted that when he first arrived in Makkah
during the early days of Islam, not only did he satisfy his hunger and thirst but he survived only on Zamzam water for a whole month.
More recently, in the last few decades, scientists have collected
samples of Zamzam water and they have found certain peculiarities
that make the water healthier, like a higher level of calcium.
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Year of the Elephant
Anevil king named Abraha built a church in Yemen and ordered the Arabs to go there for prilgrimage instead. The order was ignored and someone entered the church and made it unclean.
In his anger, he decided to destroy the Ka‟bah itself. He sent a large army with many elephants towards Mecca. He also captured many camels which belonged to the people so that they do not protect the Ka‟bah. Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of prophet Muhammad(saw), went to see Abraha to release his camels.
Abraha asked him why he had not come to save the Holy Ka‟bah instead. Abdul Muttalib said “I am the owner of the camels. So far as this House (the Ka'bah) is concerned, it is the House of Allah; if Allah wants to save His House, He will save it, and if He leaves it unprotected, no one can save it”.
Abraha issued orders to his army to enter Mecca. Seeing the walls of the Ka'bah, he ordered its demolition. No sooner had the army reached near the Ka'bah, a dark cloud of small birds (known in Arabic as Ababil) overshadowed the entire army of Abraha. Each bird had Three pebbles: two in its claws and one in its beak.
A rain of the pebbles poured down from the birds. In a few minutes, the whole army was destroyed. Abraha himself was seriously wounded. He fled towards Yemen but died on the way.
This happened in 570 AD. It was in the same year that prophet Muhammad(saw) was born to Abdullah and Aminah.
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (S.A.W)PART I
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Birth & Upbringing
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was born in Mecca on Rabiyul Awal 12th in AD 570 in the year of the elephant. His father, Abdullah, passed away before his birth. His mother, Aminah, died when he was six years old.
Raised first by his grandfather, Abdul al-Muttalib until the age of eight, and then by his uncle, Abu Talib, Muhammad (S.A.W) grew up illiterate but was distinguished by exceptional character.
His honesty, humbleness ,sincerity, and good manners earned him the name of Al-Amin, "the Trustworthy," among Meccans. The title Al-Ameen means the Honest, the Reliable and the Trustworthy.
Muhammad (S.A.W) learned the trade of a merchant from his uncle. Eventually he was hired by a wealthy businesswoman, Khadija bint Khawilad, to manage her caravan along a route to Syria.
Muhammad‟s (S.A.W) impeccable character so impressed Khadija (R.A) that she proposed marriage to him, although she was 15 years his senior. They married when he was 25 and she 40. They had six children together, four
daughters and two sons.
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (S.A.W)PART II
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
Live a life full of integrity and your life will be very beautiful like Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W)!
1. When was prophetMohammed (s.a.w.) born?
2. Who took care of prophet Mohammed (s.a.w) ?
3. Why was the foster mother surprised?
If they believe and lead a righteous life, the reward from GOD is far better, if they only knew.
Al-Baqarah [2:103]
Did you know???
It was but controversially reported that significant precursors accompanied his birth: fourteen galleries of Kisra‟s palace cracked and rolled down, the Magians‟ sacred fire died down and some churches on Lake Sawa sank down and collapsed.
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Hijrah To Madinah
In Makkah, Muhammad (S.A.W) knew he had many enemies. When Muhammad (S.A.W) began preaching about Allah, and telling people to get rid of the idols they worshipped many people and became very angry.
They had worshipped their idols for a long time. People would not change their ways just because Muhammad (S.A.W) said they should.
Muhammad (S.A.W) and Abu Bakr (R.A) had avoided the road from Makkah to Madinah, where they would have been seen, and caught for certain. They were on foot, climbing the rocky slopes to the caves near Makkah. They were covered in dust, exhausted and thirsty.
By nightfall they reached the caves, but they could hear the hooves of their enemies‟ horses close behind.
“What shall we do,” Abu Bakr (R.A) said, “there are only two of us?”
Muhammad (S.A.W) pulled him inside the nearest cave. “You are mistaken,” he said. “There are three of us.”
Footsteps could be heard at the mouth of the cave. Abu Bakr (R.A) held his breath. Then a voice was heard. “No, they can‟t be in here. It‟s covered with spider‟s webs and nests and branches.” Soon after, they had left.
Abu Bakr (R.A) opened his eyes. The cave did not look the same. Over the entrance there was indeed a beautiful, silver spider‟s web, and above it, a low branch with a nest where a dove sat, cooing gently.
“How did that happen?” asked Abu Bakr (R.A), but the prophet simply turned to his friend and smiled. When the two were certain the enemy had gone, they left the cave that had protected them, and continued their journey safely to Madinah.
"When the unbelievers plotted to imprison you, to kill you or to banish you, God planned on your behalf, and He is the best of planners. . . If you [the people] do not help Muhammad, then know that God Will. For God helped him when the unbelievers drove him out, and he and his companion hid in the cave. At that time, the Prophet said to his companion, `Grieve not for God is with us.' It was then that God sent down his peace upon him and assisted him with hosts invisible that the word of God might be supreme and that of the unbelievers might be repudiated. God is almighty and all wise."
Anfaal and Athhawbaah [8:30, 9:40]
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
So long as Allah(S.W.T) wills to help you, even the impossible will happen!
1. Who went Hijra with prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)?
2. Why did they have to immigrate to Medina?
3. Why did the quraysh did not find out the hiding place of the to men?
Did you know???
The cobwebs, the two wild pigeons, and the tree and its branches these are the miracles which the biography books relate concerning the hiding in the cave of Thawr. The miracle is that none of these things were there when the Prophet and his companion entered the cave, and that thereafter, the spider hurried to weave its cobwebs, the two pigeons to build their nest and to lay their eggs, and the tree to grow its branches around the door. In this connection the Orientalist Dermenghem wrote, "These three things are the only miracles recorded in authentic Mussulman history: the web of a spider, the love of a dove, the sprouting of a flower three miracles accomplished daily on God's earth."
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Muhammad (S.A.W)
One old woman made a habit of throwing rubbish on Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) whenever he passed from her house! Muhammad (S.A.W) had to pass that house daily on the way to the mosque. Even when the old woman threw rubbish on him, he would pass silently without showing any anger or annoyance. This was a regular, daily event. One day when the Prophet (S.A.W) was passing by, the woman was not there to throw the rubbish. He stopped, and asked the neighbour about her well-being, and wondering why she wasn't dropping any rubbish on him. The neighbour informed the Prophet (S.A.W) that the woman was sick on bed. The Prophet (S.A.W) politely asked permission to visit the woman. When allowed he entered the house, the woman thought that he had come there to take his revenge when she was unable to defend herself because of sickness. But the Prophet (S.A.W) assured her that he had come to her, not to take any revenge, but to see her and to look after her needs, as it was the command of Allah that if anyone is sick, a Muslim should visit him and should help him if his help is needed. The old woman was greatly moved by this kindness and love of the Prophet. By the example of greatness of Muhammad, she understood that he was truly the Prophet of God and Islam was the true religion. She accepted Islam at once, Alhamdulillah.
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How can you apply this in your daily life?
I would try to be patient when other incidents happen to me which
makes me angry.
1. Why did some Arabs dislike beloved Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)?
2. Why did our beloved Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) visit the sick lady?
3. When did the lady realize her mistake?
“GOD has proclaimed: "Do not worship two gods; there is only one god. You shall reverence Me alone."
Nahl [16:51]
Did you know? Muhammad (S.A.W) loved the colour green: he always wore a green turban which thereafter, became the colour of turbans, worn by ruling Kalifahs.